Sarcomas primarios de hueso: estudio por citometría estática mediante análisis digital de imagen

Se presenta un estudio morfométrico y densitométrico mediante análisis digital de imagen de una serie de 50 tumores óseos malignos (32 osteosarcomas, 12 condrosarcomas y 6 histiocitomas fibrosos malignos de hueso), con el fin de evaluar la utilidad de la técnica para establecer el grado y el pronóstico de estas neoplasias. Las variables morfométricas y la disposición de la cromatina guardan una estrecha relación con el grado histológico (Spearman; p < 0,05) y muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tumores considerados de alto y bajo grado en base a su presentación y evolución clínica. La ploidía estimada por densitometría óptica se comporta como un factor pronóstico independiente en el análisis multivariante de la serie de tumores de alto grado (COX; p < 0,001). La citometría estática, aunque más lenta e imprecisa que la citometría de flujo en la determinación de los picos de ploidía, permite analizar el modelo de cromatina y contribuye objetivamente al establecimiento del grado biológico de los tumores óseos.A densitometry and morphometric assessment by static image cytometry of 50 malignant bone tumors (32 osteosarcomas, 12 chondrosarcomas, and 6 malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone) was performed in order to assess the validity of the technic in the pathobiological and prognostic evaluation of these neoplasms. A strong correlation between the morphometric features, cromatine distribution and histologic grade was found (Spearman; p < 0.05). These parameters are also statistically different for hight and low grade tumors in clinical staging. The stimation of DNA ploidy by optic densitometry is a significant prognostic factor in the multivariant analysis for the high grade tumors (COX; p < 0.001). Although Flow cytometry is a better procedure to evaluate DNA ploidy peaks, our study reveals static image cytometry as a useful technic for determine the cromatine model and objective assessment of the biological grade of bone neoplasms

Elastofibroma Dorsi

Se realiza un estudio clínico-patológico de dos casos, mujeres de 57 y 45 años, de "elastofibroma dorsi" intervenidos quirúrgicamente. En una enferma apareció como una tumoracion asintomática y en otra asociada a dolor en el hombro irradiado a miembro superior derecho. Se describen las particularizadas clínicas, las exploraciones complementarias, los hallazgos quirúrgicos y las características histológicas de estos tumores de partes blandas cuyo origen debe referirse a una alteración del tejido fibroelástico. Se confronta nuestra experiencia con los casos anteriormente publicados confirmándose su aparición en mujeres adultas o añosas dedicadas a trabajos manuales rutinarios, que parecen estar implicados en la patogenia del elastofibroma dorsi. En uno de los casos, aunque localizado en el espacio anatómico escápulo-torácico, su situación era supraescapular frente a la típicamente infraescapular del elastofibroma dorsi, y la consideramos la primera observación de la literatura.A clinical-pathological study of two cases of elastofibroma dorsi was carried out. Both patients were female, 57 and 45 years old, and underwent surgical operation. One patients was sympton-free, while the other complained of pain in the shoulder which spread to the upper right arm. The autors describe the clinical details, the diagnostic methods employed, the results of surgery and the histopathological features of these tumours which must have originated in a modification of conective tissue, especially in elastic fibres. We compare our findings with those of previously published cases and can confirm the appearence of these tumours in adults or middle-aged women who carry out rutinary manual work, which seems to be connected with the pathogeny of the elastofibroma dorsi. These are normally found adjacent to the vertebral border of the escapula at its inferior angle, but in one case ot was located in the supra-escapular region and we believe this is the first evidence of this kind in the literature

First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA

[EN] This article reports the first observation of the Moon and the Sun shadows in the sky distribution of cosmicray induced muons measured by the KM3NeT/ORCA detector. The analysed data-taking period spans from February 2020 to November 2021, when the detector had 6 Detection Units deployed at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, each composed of 18 Digital Optical Modules. The shadows induced by theMoon and the Sun were detected at their nominal position with a statistical significance of 4.2 sigma and 6.2 sigma, and an angular resolution of sigma(res) = 0.49 degrees and sigma(res) = 0.66 degrees, respectively, consistent with the prediction of 0.53 degrees from simulations. This early result confirms the effectiveness of the detector calibration, in time, position and orientation and the accuracy of the event direction reconstruction. This also demonstrates the performance and the competitiveness of the detector in terms of pointing accuracy and angular resolution.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris ile-de-France Region, France; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, Morocco, and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2021/41/N/ST2/01177); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Grants PID2021-124591NB-C41, -C42, -C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by "ERDF A way of making Europe", by the "European Union" or by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR", Programa de Planes Complementarios I+D+I (refs. ASFAE/2022/023, ASFAE/2022/014), Programa Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034, /2019/043, /2020/049. /2021/23) of the Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucia (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-5057), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Programa Maria Zambrano (Spanish Ministry of Universities, funded by the European Union, NextGenerationEU), Spain.Aiello, S.; Albert, A.; Alves Garre, S.; Aly, Z.; Ambrosone, A.; Ameli, F.; Andre, M.... (2023). First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA. The European Physical Journal C. 83(4). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11401-583

Activating Transcription Factor 4 Modulates TGFβ-Induced Aggressiveness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via SMAD2/3/4 and mTORC2 Signaling

Purpose: On the basis of the identified stress-independent cellular functions of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), we reported enhanced ATF4 levels in MCF10A cells treated with TGFβ1. ATF4 is overexpressed in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its impact on patient survival and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to determine ATF4 effects on patients with breast cancer survival and TNBC aggressiveness, and the relationships between TGFβ and ATF4. Defining the signaling pathways may help us identify a cell signaling-tailored gene signature.Experimental Design: Patient survival data were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Relationship between TGFβ and ATF4, their effects on aggressiveness (tumor proliferation, metastasis, and stemness), and the underlying pathways were analyzed in three TNBC cell lines and in vivo using patient-derived xenografts (PDX).Results: ATF4 overexpression correlated with TNBC patient survival decrease and a SMAD-dependent crosstalk between ATF4 and TGFβ was identified. ATF4 expression inhibition reduced migration, invasiveness, mammosphere-forming efficiency, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and antiapoptotic and stemness marker levels. In PDX models, ATF4 silencing decreased metastases, tumor growth, and relapse after chemotherapy. ATF4 was shown to be active downstream of SMAD2/3/4 and mTORC2, regulating TGFβ/SMAD and mTOR/RAC1-RHOA pathways independently of stress. We defined an eight-gene signature with prognostic potential, altered in 45% of 2,509 patients with breast cancer.Conclusions: ATF4 may represent a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with TNBC, and we identified a cell signaling pathway-based gene signature that may contribute to the development of combinatorial targeted therapies for breast cancer

International conference on the healthy effect of virgin olive oil

Ageing represents a great concern in developed countries because the number of people involved and the pathologies related with it, like atherosclerosis, morbus Parkinson, Alzheime's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest that a Mediterranean diet (which is rich in virgin olive oil) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet, rich in virgin olive oil, improves the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as the lipoprotein profile, blood pressure, glucose metabolism and antithrombotic profile. Endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress are also positively modulated. Some of these effects are attributed to minor components of virgin olive oil. Therefore, the definition of the Mediterranean diet should include virgin olive oil. Different observational studies conducted in humans have shown that the intake of monounsaturated fat may be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Microconstituents from virgin olive oil are bioavailable in humans and have shown antioxidant properties and capacity to improve endothelial function. Furthermore they are also able to modify the haemostasis, showing antithrombotic properties. In countries where the populations fulfilled a typical Mediterranean diet, such as Spain, Greece and Italy, where virgin olive oil is the principal source of fat, cancer incidence rates are lower than in northern European countries. The protective effect of virgin olive oil can be most important in the first decades of life, which suggests that the dietetic benefit of virgin olive oil intake should be initiated before puberty, and maintained through life. The more recent studies consistently support that the Mediterranean diet, based in virgin olive oil, is compatible with a healthier ageing and increased longevity. However, despite the significant advances of the recent years, the final proof about the specific mechanisms and contributing role of the different components of virgin olive oil to its beneficial effects requires further investigations. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

ÆMO Programme: Proposed intervention to develop emotional competence to improve interpersonal relationships

La violencia escolar se considera uno de los principales problemas de relación interpersonal al que se enfrentan los estudiantes. Diversas investigaciones han puesto de manifiesto que los adolescentes implicados en violencia y/o acoso escolar presentan bajos niveles de competencia emocional (Sánchez, Ortega y Menesini, 2012). Las competencias emocionales son el modo en que somos capaces de reconocer y manejar las emociones que sentimos, de expresarlas y de conectarnos afectivamente con ellas, en aras de mantener relaciones interpersonales sanas y satisfactorias. Por lo tanto, un programa que desarrolle las competencias emocionales favorecerá las interrelaciones positivas que redundarán en la mejora de la convivencia en el centro, así como en el bienestar y calidad de vida de los estudiantes. Se presenta el diseño y procedimiento del Programa ÆMO, proyecto de innovación docente cuya finalidad es desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar un programa de alfabetización y regulación emocional. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos del programa en su segundo año de implantación. El programa consiste en realizar 10 sesiones con estudiantes de 4 centros de Secundaria de Alicante, impartidas por docentes que de manera paralela recibieron una intervención formativa y seguimiento para guiar la implementación del programa. El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupos control. La muestra se configuró con 294 estudiantes de secundaria del curso 2014/2015. Los resultados evidenciaron: 1) disminución en la implicación de conductas de violencia y/o acoso escolar; 2) mejoras significativas en las siguientes dimensiones de competencias socioemocionales: conciencia y regulación emocional (p<.01), empatía (p<.01), autonomía y relación con los padres (p<.02), apoyo social y relación con los pares (p<.01) y ambiente escolar (p<.01). Se discuten los resultados del programa y se analizan los aspectos del mismo que pueden explicar los significativos efectos de la intervención.School violence is considered one of the main interpersonal relationship problems many students have to face. Several studies have revealed that teenagers involved in both school violence or bullying show low levels of emotional competence. (Sánchez, Ortega and Menesini, 2012). Emotional competence is the way we are able to recognize and handle the emotions we feel, the way we express them and the way we connect emotionally with them in order to maintain healthy and satisfactory relationships. Thus, a programme which develops emotional competence will make positive interpersonal relationships within the school both easier and better. In the same way, having good emotional competence will mean improvement in the student’s welfare and quality of life. The design and procedure of the programme presented refers to a teaching innovation project which develops, applies and assesses an emotional literacy and emotional coping strategies. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the programme in its second year of implementation. The programme consists of conducting 10 sessions with students from 4 different secondary schools in Alicante, carried out by teachers who received the same training to lead the implementation of the programme. The study used a quasi-experimental design pretest-postest within control groups. The sample was formed of 294 secondary students from 2014/2015 academic year. The findings showed: 1) a decrease in violent behaviour and/ or bullying; 2) a significant improvement in the following dimensions of socioemotional competence: consciousness and emotional coping strategies (p<.01), empathy (p<.01) autonomy and parental relationships (p<.02), social support and relationship among equals (p<.01) and school environment (p<.01). The findings of the study have been analysed in order to explain the significant effects of the intervention

ÆMO Programme: Proposed intervention to develop emotional competence to improve interpersonal relationships

La violencia escolar se considera uno de los principales problemas de relación interpersonal al que se enfrentan los estudiantes. Diversas investigaciones han puesto de manifiesto que los adolescentes implicados en violencia y/o acoso escolar presentan bajos niveles de competencia emocional (Sánchez, Ortega y Menesini, 2012). Las competencias emocionales son el modo en que somos capaces de reconocer y manejar las emociones que sentimos, de expresarlas y de conectarnos afectivamente con ellas, en aras de mantener relaciones interpersonales sanas y satisfactorias. Por lo tanto, un programa que desarrolle las competencias emocionales favorecerá las interrelaciones positivas que redundarán en la mejora de la convivencia en el centro, así como en el bienestar y calidad de vida de los estudiantes. Se presenta el diseño y procedimiento del Programa ÆMO, proyecto de innovación docente cuya finalidad es desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar un programa de alfabetización y regulación emocional. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos del programa en su segundo año de implantación. El programa consiste en realizar 10 sesiones con estudiantes de 4 centros de Secundaria de Alicante, impartidas por docentes que de manera paralela recibieron una intervención formativa y seguimiento para guiar la implementación del programa. El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupos control. La muestra se configuró con 294 estudiantes de secundaria del curso 2014/2015. Los resultados evidenciaron: 1) disminución en la implicación de conductas de violencia y/o acoso escolar; 2) mejoras significativas en las siguientes dimensiones de competencias socioemocionales: conciencia y regulación emocional (p<.01), empatía (p<.01), autonomía y relación con los padres (p<.02), apoyo social y relación con los pares (p<.01) y ambiente escolar (p<.01). Se discuten los resultados del programa y se analizan los aspectos del mismo que pueden explicar los significativos efectos de la intervención.School violence is considered one of the main interpersonal relationship problems many students have to face. Several studies have revealed that teenagers involved in both school violence or bullying show low levels of emotional competence. (Sánchez, Ortega and Menesini, 2012). Emotional competence is the way we are able to recognize and handle the emotions we feel, the way we express them and the way we connect emotionally with them in order to maintain healthy and satisfactory relationships. Thus, a programme which develops emotional competence will make positive interpersonal relationships within the school both easier and better. In the same way, having good emotional competence will mean improvement in the student’s welfare and quality of life. The design and procedure of the programme presented refers to a teaching innovation project which develops, applies and assesses an emotional literacy and emotional coping strategies. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the programme in its second year of implementation. The programme consists of conducting 10 sessions with students from 4 different secondary schools in Alicante, carried out by teachers who received the same training to lead the implementation of the programme. The study used a quasi-experimental design pretest-postest within control groups. The sample was formed of 294 secondary students from 2014/2015 academic year. The findings showed: 1) a decrease in violent behaviour and/ or bullying; 2) a significant improvement in the following dimensions of socioemotional competence: consciousness and emotional coping strategies (p<.01), empathy (p<.01) autonomy and parental relationships (p<.02), social support and relationship among equals (p<.01) and school environment (p<.01). The findings of the study have been analysed in order to explain the significant effects of the intervention