ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION OF AURICULARIA AURICULAR ON CANDIDA ALBICANS, MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM, AND ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

Objective: Indonesia with high humidity and rainfall strongly supports the growth of fungi. The incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically over the past three decades. Several factors including microbiological resistance led to the failure of antifungal therapy. This research was to evaluate the antifungal activity of extract and fraction of Auricularia auricula against the test fungus.Methods: Antifungal activity was performed by microdilution method using extract and n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol, and water fraction of A. auricula. MIC was determined by observing the turbidity compared with the control solution. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by the presence of fungi colonies growth on medium after incubation for 24 h.Results: The fractions of A. auricular have antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with MIC 512 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml; Microsporum gypseum with MIC 256 μg/ml in the extract; MIC 512 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml of ethyl acetate fraction; MIC 256 μg/ml and MFC 512 μg/ml in n-hexane fraction; and Aspergillus flavus with MIC 2048 μg/ml and MFC 2048 μg/ml in the extract and ethyl acetate fraction. The most potent activity on C. albicans was exhibited by ethyl acetate fraction with MIC and MFC 512 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the structure of fungi cells after contact with the test solution.Conclusion: The best antifungal activity of A. auricula was ethyl acetate fraction against C. albicans

Peningkatan Kemampuan Sains Anak melalui Metode Eksperimen Kelompok A di TK Negeri Pembina Kota Mojokerto

The type of research used in this study was classroom action research, while the background of the problem in this study was that children's science abilities were still lacking and low in group A1 at Pembina State Kindergarten, Mojokerto City. The purpose of this study was to improve children's science skills through experimental methods in group A at Pembina State Kindergarten, Mojokerto City.  The research method used is the PTK design which consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles with four meetings. Subjects in this study consisted of 15 children. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation.The results showed that in the first cycle the results of the child's scientific ability through the experimental method were 52.9%. This shows that this classroom action research has not been successful. So it requires action again in cycle II. The results of the research in cycle II showed that children's scientific abilities increased by 76.8%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the experimental method can improve the scientific ability of group A children in TK Negeri Pembina Kota Mojokerto

Penyadaran Masyarakat Akademik tentang Peranan Herbal dalam Peningkatan Sistem Imun

Sistem imun merupakan suatu mekanisme pertahanan tubuh yang terintegrasi untuk mencegah, menghambat, dan mengeliminasi antigen hingga memperbaiki sel atau jaringan tubuh yang terinfeksi. Sistem imun yang dikelompokkan menjadi innate immunity dan adaptive immunity adalah kekuatan natural di dalam tubuh yang dapat dioptimalkan untuk menjaga eksistensi kehidupan. Aktivitas pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mahasiswa sebagai bagian dari klaster masyarakat akademik terkait peranan herbal dalam peningkatan sistem imun (imunitas). Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui sosialisasi dan focus group discussion (FGD) secara daring (online) yang melibatkan mahasiswa dan alumni Universitas Bangka Belitung. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa dan alumni terkait sistem imun, yaitu jenis, peranan, dan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh baik secara seluler maupun humoral serta pemahaman tentang peranan herbal di dalam sistem imun tersebut. Hasil diskusi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan dan peningkatan kesadaran terhadap pentingnya sistem imun di dalam kehidupan

PERANCANGAN TATA LETAK DAN PENENTUAN TOUR TERBAIK AKTIVITAS ORDER PICKING DENGAN ALGORITMA ANT COLONY SYSTEM (Studi Kasus Raw Material Warehouse PT Sari Husada II)

PT Sari Husada adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi produk bernutrisi untuk bayi dan anak-anak Indonesia, mulai dari aneka susu formula untuk bayi hingga makanan bernutrisi dengan standar mutu internasional. Kualitas produk yang dapat dijamin serta didukung dengan sarana peralatan laboratorium dan sumber daya manusia yang berpengalaman, membuat industri ini dipercaya oleh konsumen. Hal ini menyebabkan permintaan akan produk susu semakin meningkat sehingga aktivitas dalam gudang produk jadi juga semakin tinggi. Dalam mengalokasikan raw material yang disimpan, perusahaan menggunakan kebijakan penyimpanan random atau acak yang berakibat bertambahnya waktu mencari dan perjalanan operator dalam mengambil barang yang diinginkan.Melihat permasalahan tersebut, maka tugas akhir ini akan membahas mengenai perancangan tata letak penyimpanan produk dan raw material yang dilakukan dengan memperhatikan produk dan raw material itu sendiri, dalam hal ini disebut faktor komoditi yang terdiri atas size, popularity, similarity, dan characteristic. Selain itu, tugas akhir ini memberikan usulan dalam penggunaan algoritma Ant Colony System untuk mengevaluasi sistem order picking yang digunakan di dalam perusahaan saat ini. PT Sari Husada is a company that produces nutritional products for infants and children, , ranging from various milk formulas for infants to nutritious food with international quality standards. Product quality can be guaranteed and supported by means of laboratory equipment and experienced human resources, making this industry trusted by consumers. This causes the demand for dairy products is increasing so that the activity in the warehouse of finished products are also higher. In the process of locating the raw material, the company uses random saving products system. In addition, it makes operator needs more time to take the desires raw material.Based on that problems, so in this research the writer wants to discuss about the setting of putting storage products and components is done by observe the products and the components itselves. In this case, it is called comodity factor that consists of size, popularity, similarity and characteristic. Moreover, this final project gives a proposal of using Ant Colony System algorithm in order picking activity to get the shortest route and aplicating this algorithm with build the finder of shortest rute information system that will help the activity of order picking

KESESUAIANPENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIPSIKOTIK PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DEWASA DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DAERAH SURAKARTA PERIODE JANUARI-MARET 2015

Skizofrenia adalah penyakit yang mempengaruhi otak dan menyebabkan timbulnya pikiran, persepsi, emosi, gerakan atau perilaku yang aneh dan terganggu. Pada skala global, prevalensi ODS (Orang Dengan Skizofrenia) berkisar antara 0,5-2 % dari jumlah penduduk dunia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 menunjukkan sedikitnya ada 400 ribu ODS di Indonesia. Salah satu penanganan skizofrenia dengan menggunakan antipsikotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penggunaan antipsikotik pada pasien skizofrenia dewasa di instalasi rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Surakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian non eksperimental. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling secara retrospektif, dengan criteria inklusi meliputi pasien dengan rentang umur 26-45 tahun, melakukan pemeriksaan fisik di rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Surakarta pada bulan Januari - Maret tahun 2015 dengan keluhan utama skizofrenia tanpa penyakit penyerta yang mendapat pengobatan antipsikotik. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk table berupa persentase distribusi pasien skizofrenia, persentase penggunaan obat yang diberikan, persentase penggunaan kombinasi obat, jumlah penggantian obat, jumlah penambahan obat, jumlah pengurangan obat dan ketepatan penggunaan obat yang dibandingkan dengan Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults The Nice Guideline On Treatment and Management tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan 3 obat antipsikotik terbanyak pada 90 pasien yaitu haloperidol sebanyak 16,24%, risperidon sebanyak 16,18% dan clorpromazine 11,97%. Adapun obat yang sesuai dengan guideline pembanding sebesar 49,07% dan semuannya telah tepat dosis. Kata kunci : Kesesuaian, Antipsikotik, Skizofrenia, Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Surakart

Talagha: Marketing Communications for Integrated Coastal Tourism Branding

Madura has beach comparative potential as a coastal tourist destination. However, in the marketing communications context, this potential has not been optimized. Therefore, this research aims to explore all the potential for integrated coastal tourism by using the Talagha acronym of Talang Siring, Legend, Jumiang, and Lembung branding identity as an alternative to marketing communication. The Talagha brand identity not only being as destinations acronym but also the equivalent of lake in Madurese. Research locations were conducted on four Pamekasan coastal tourism destinations in Madura, namely Talang Siring Beach, Jumiang Beach, Legend Beach, and Mangruve Lembung. Research population are visitors and residents around the destinations. Samples were obtained using accidental sampling. Based on target population characteristics, as two hundres samples were acquired. Data collection were conducted by survey and analyzed by using SPSS. The results show that Talagha tagline as a brand identity is agreed by majority respondents to be part of integrated tourism branding. The findings confirmed by branding strategies theory as a part of tourist destination marketing communications. This findings are expected to be a catalyst in brand identity usage in tourist destination marketing communications development. It is recommended these findings as literature in brand destination studies as well as reaches triple helix in developing policies brief related to Madura’s integrated coastal tourism branding

Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Daun Legundi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the causes of infectious disease, ranging from mild to severe infections such as meningitis. The drug that is often used is the penicillin class of antibiotics. Apart from chemical antibiotics, natural antibacterial compunds from plants can be also used as an alternative treatment for this infection. Such as green betel (Piper betle L.) and legundi (Vitex trifolia L.). The ethanol extract of betel leaf has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical content in legundi leaf is also able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The ethanol extract of betel leaf and legundi is made through a maceration process. The extract concentrations used in this study were 20%, 30%, and 40%. The inhibition test of Staphylococcus aureus using the disc method. From the results of this study, the active substances found in betel leaf were flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, while in legundi were found flavonoids, tannins and phenols, and quinones. In total, the mean inhibition zone in this study ranged from 7.87mm to 17.33mm where legundi leaf extract was in the moderate category, betel and combination extract were classified as strong. There was a difference in the diameter of the inhibition zone of betel and legundi extract at a concentration 20% with 40%. In the combination extract there is a difference in the concentration of 20% with 40% and 30% with 40%. An antimicrobial compound can be said to synergize if a mixture of two or more antimicrobial compounds is able to provide an effect of each compounds. In this study, it has seen that the mean of the combination is higher than the mean of legundi leaf extract. Meanwhile, the mean of betel leaf extract is still greater than the combination extract