Evaluation and Improvement of Distribution System Reliability Indices using ETAP Software

Reliability assessment is the most important factor in designing and planning of distribution system that should operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. This is due to the fact that the distribution system provides the final link between a utility transmission system and its customers. It is observed that more than 80% of all customer interruptions occur (i.e., power quality issues) due to component failures in the distribution system. That report quantifies the expected reliability indices such as interruption frequency and interruption duration during the entire year. Many research findings are out there to assess the reliability of the power system. Further, due to the wide growth of distributed generation in electrical power, investigating their impact on system reliability, it becomes an attractive area of research. In this paper, the reliability evaluation of distribution system using a minimal cut set method based on the FMEA technique is described and applied to the IEEE RBTS Bus-2 and Indian practical distribution system (33/11 kV). Development of ETAP software is presented for calculating reliability indices. Further, improvement of reliability with introducing of Distributed Generation is presented. Reliability indices are load point indices and system indices which includes, System Average Interruption Frequency Indices (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Indices (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Frequency Indices (CAIFI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Indices (CAIDI), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), etc. These indices are shows the reliability performance of the system

Status of vitamin D, lipid profile and carotid artery intima media thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease stage III to V

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by irreversible sclerosis and loss of nephrons. The renal mass progressively declines over a prolonged period, depending on the underlying etiology. In CKD the most common feature is hypovitaminosis D which alter the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and reprogram the osteoblastic changes, finally leading to increase arterial wall thickness.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out over a 2-year period in Department Nephrology and General Medicine OPD, MIMS, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. 120 in which 60 are normal healthy individuals and 60 are CKD patients with stage 3 to 5. In all the participants serum creatinine, blood urea, serum triglycerides serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol estimated and serum 25 OH vitamin D are estimated.Results: The diagnostic criteria for CKD like blood urea, serum creatinine and eGFR were significantly higher in CKD when compared to control. In the present study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly increased in CKD compared with control. The Carotid Intima Media Thickness (CIMT) both left and right side were significant higher in CKD when compared with control. There is a significantly decreased levels of serum vitamin D in CKD (14.53 ng/mL±6.88) when compared with control (28.87 ng/mL±6.28).Conclusions: Present study finding suggested that there is a raised value of CIMT in CKD patients. High triglycerides, cholesterol and decreased HDL and declined vitamin D low hemoglobin, decreased eGFR, increased systolic blood pressure, raised CIMT value were found to be significantly increased in CKD patients

Acoustic Feedback Noise Cancellation in Hearing Aids Using Adaptive Filter

To enhance speech intelligibility for people with hearing loss, hearing aids will amplify speech using gains derived from evidence-based prescriptive methods, in addition to other advanced signal processing mechanisms. While the evidence supports the use of hearing aid signal processing for speech intelligibility, these signal processing adjustments can also be detrimental to hearing aid sound quality, with poor hearing aid sound quality cited as a barrier to device adoption. In general, an uncontrolled environment may contain degradation components like background noise, speech from other speakers etc. along with required speech components. In this paper, we implement adaptive filtering design for acoustic feedback noise cancellation in hearing aids. The adaptive filter architecture has been designed using normalized least mean square algorithm. By using adaptive filters both filter input coefficients are changeable during run-time and reduce noise in hearing aids. The proposed design is implemented in matlab and the simulations shows that the proposed architecture produces good quality of speech, accuracy, maintain stable steady state. The proposed design is validated with parameters like Noise Distortion, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality, Signal to Noise Ratio, and Speech Distortion. The feedback canceller is implemented in MATLAB 9.4 simulink version release name of R2018a is used for validation with Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE). The ERLE of the NMLS is reduced when the filter order is increases. Around 10% of the power spectrum density (PSD) is less when compared with existing designs

Acoustic Feedback Noise Cancellation in Hearing Aids Using Adaptive Filter

To enhance speech intelligibility for people with hearing loss, hearing aids will amplify speech using gains derived from evidence-based prescriptive methods, in addition to other advanced signal processing mechanisms. While the evidence supports the use of hearing aid signal processing for speech intelligibility, these signal processing adjustments can also be detrimental to hearing aid sound quality, with poor hearing aid sound quality cited as a barrier to device adoption. In general, an uncontrolled environment may contain degradation components like background noise, speech from other speakers etc. along with required speech components. In this paper, we implement adaptive filtering design for acoustic feedback noise cancellation in hearing aids. The adaptive filter architecture has been designed using normalized least mean square algorithm. By using adaptive filters both filter input coefficients are changeable during run-time and reduce noise in hearing aids. The proposed design is implemented in matlab and the simulations shows that the proposed architecture produces good quality of speech, accuracy, maintain stable steady state. The proposed design is validated with parameters like Noise Distortion, Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality, Signal to Noise Ratio, and Speech Distortion. The feedback canceller is implemented in MATLAB 9.4 simulink version release name of R2018a is used for validation with Echo Return Loss Enhancement (ERLE). The ERLE of the NMLS is reduced when the filter order is increases. Around 10% of the power spectrum density (PSD) is less when compared with existing designs

Study on spawning and the complete larval cycle of invasive Charru mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) (bivalvia: Mytilidae) under captive condition.

The American brackish water mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) has invaded all most all the backwaters of South Kerala (unpublished reports), and the species is threatening the local mussel species, especially Perna viridis in the backwaters of Kerala and also affecting cage farming operations adversely by clogging the nets. A native of Central and South America (notably Panama, Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela), it had invaded the southern United States (mainly Florida and Georgia). Later, they got transferred to the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and India. To study the larval cycle of the species, adult animals collected from Kayamkulam backwaters spawned in the hatchery at 35 ppt salinity. They were reared through all the larval stages like Dveliger, umbo, pediveliger and plantigrade to spat and juvenile of 70 days old to get a clear idea about its early stagebiology, which can be used in controlling their spread. Eggs were lemon yellow and measured 35 to 53-micron. Newly hatched (1dph) larvae measured 77.82 µ in length, and dinoflagellate Isochrysis galbana was given as feed till 15 dph and afterwards mixed algae was given. Settlement of larvae started after 13 dph, and by 15 dph, all larvae completed metamorphosis and settled. Compared to native species; Asian green mussel Perna viridis, this alien mussel has a shorter life cycle, early settlement of larvae and adaptability to any kind of feed, makes this species a aggressive invasive animal in the natural water

Impact of the invasive mussel, Mytella strigata (hanley, 1843) on fisheries and farming

Rapid surveys were conducted during periods from May to August 2020 in estuaries along Central Kerala (Chettuva, Vembanad, Ashtamudi estuaries),South Kerala(Kayamkulam Lake, Poovar lake, Anchuthengu Lake, Kadinamkulam Lake) and North Kerala(Kavai backwaters, Kallai estuary, Puthiappa fishing harbour, Kadalundi estuary) to assess the extent of invasion of the species, the influence of physico-chemical parameters on its abundance, the impact of bioinvasion of this species on economically important native fauna and aquaculture activities. Settlement density of M. strigata in Chettuva Estuary, Vembanad Lake and Ashtamudi Lake was estimated as 32-12,400 nos/sq.m. Physical and chemical parameters of water and sediment characteristics were also analysed. M. strigata was found to be highly euryhaline and adaptive to anoxic conditions. In all three estuaries of Central Kerala, there was spat settlement of the species on bottom, cage ropes, cages nets etc. In Chettuva estuary, P. viridis and M. strigata population in the fishing ground necessitated additional 3 h/fishing day/boat/person for segregating P. viridis from M. strigata. As per the fishermen’s perception, the fouling on cages increased the frequency of net exchange, interferes with harvesting activities and mortality of fish in cages . In Vembanad Lake, there was heavy infestation of the species on oyster rens suspended in oyster farms. There was a reduction in edible oyster spat settlement by 38% in oyster farms. More than 60% of the M. strigata settlement was observed on shells near the surface of the oyster rens. The potential threat of the species to bivalve farming, bivalve fisheries and finfish cage farming demands the formulation of management strategies for preventing the establishment of this non-native species that may cause ecological and economic havoc

National broodbank Of pompano. Serving the marine finfishfarming sector of india

The development and expansion of marine finfish aquaculture in India can lead to enhanced seafood production, both for domestic consumption as well as for export. However, the expansion and commercialisation of this activity is restricted, mainly due to the limited or non-availability of seeds of high-value finfishes. Silver pompano, Indian pompano, cobia, seabass, selected grouper varieties, sea breams and snappers are some of the key species that can be targeted as candidate species for commercial level seed production in the country. The prime requirement to achieve this goal is to ensure year-round commercial level availability of hatcheryproduced seeds of such species, for which, controlled reproductive maturation under bio-secure conditions is essential. Unlike some species of shrimps, it is not easy to source the required brooders directly by wild collection. It is time-consuming to collect pre-adult fishes from the wild and condition them into brooders (broodstock development). Hence, a viable option is to establish a broodstock holding facility (Broodbank) where broodfishes can be developed and maintained under bio-secure conditions. Broodbanks facilitated with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can to a large extent, avoid unexpected mortalities of brooders. Induced or volitional breeding techniques can be applied here, and fertilised eggs and newly hatched larvae can be supplied on demand to commercial hatcheries for rearing

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment