Photometric Titration of Se(IV) with Fe(II)*

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Development of cost-effective phasor measurement unit for wide area monitoring system applications

Sustained growth in the demand with unprecedented investments in the transmission infrastructure resulted in narrow operational margins for power system operators across the globe. As a result, power networks are operating near to stability limits. This has demanded the electrical utilities to explore new avenues for control and protection of wide area systems. Present supervisory control and data acquisition/energy management systems (SCADA/EMS) can only facilitate steady state model of the network, whereas synchrophasor measurements with GPS time stamp from wide area can provide dynamic view of power grid that enables supervision, and protection of power network and allow the operator to take necessary control/remedial measures in the new regime of grid operations. Construction of phasor measurement unit (PMU) that provide synchrophasors for the assessment of system state is widely accepted as an essential component for the successful execution of wide area monitoring system (WAMS) applications. Commercial PMUs comes with many constraints such as cost, proprietary hardware designs and software. All these constraints have limited the deployment of PMUs at high voltage transmission systems alone. This paper addresses the issues by developing a cost-effective PMU with open-source hardware, which can be easily modified as per the requirements of the applications. The proposed device is tested with IEEE standards

Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus cultures and in vitro derived plants of Catharanthus roseus

This study highlights the development of a biological method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf, callus, and root extracts of in vitro derived plants of Catharanthus roseus. The antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles was assessed against different clinical samples such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed with stabilized silver nanoparticles against all the tested pathogens. Silver nanoparticles synthesized in this process are quiet fast and low cost. Therefore, current study justified the development of eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts which is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. This green chemistry has many advantages such as, quick production, cost effective and easy way to produce nanoparticles

Alteration characteristics of illmenites from south India

Two different placer samples from the Navaladi and Surungudi area of Teri, Tamilnadu. in southern India. were collected and characterized in terms of their heavy mineral content. Mineralogical analysis on both the samples revealed the presence of high amounts of garnet and ilmenite. The alteration characteristics of ilmenite from these deposits were investigated by optical and electron probe microanalysis. Optical microscopic studies revealed that the alteration of ilmenite was seen to proceed along grain boundaries and/or fractures resulting in an amorphous to crypto- or microcrystalline mass resembling leucoxene. The alteration is in the nascent stage. Mineral chemistry by electron probe micro-analysis revealed the enrichment of Ti02, MgO, A1203•Cr203. Si02, V205 and Na20 in the altered products and loss of iron oxide and manganese oxide from the ilmenite grains during weathering leading to the formation of leucoxene. Similarly EPMA studies on garnet indicated that it is of the almandine variety. This study reveals that the alteration of ilmenite by weathering leads to unstable phases, with complex elemental distribution patterns. The physico-chemical characteristics of the mineral and, in turn, the down-stream metallurgical processing are affected by such alteration processes

Detection of Glutathione S-Transferase gene (GST2, GST3) during induction of somatic embryogenesis in grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important group of multifunctional enzymes that belong to diverse multigene families. In plants these enzymes are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, herbicide detoxification, and primary and secondary metaboplism and play an important role in plant growth and development. There are several reports that show that the expression of GST is linked to the developmental phases of somatic embryogenesis. This study highlights the detection of transcript abundances of glutathione S-transferase genes GST2 and GST3 in the process of somatic embryogenesis of Vitis vinifera, and the lack thereof in non-embryogenic tissue of leaf cultures of grape (control). These results indicate that the expression of GST2 and GST3 could be used as a molecular signal for the identification of embryogenic cultures during the early development of somatic embryos

Comparative Analysis of common Edge Detection Algorithms using Pre-processing Technique

Edge detection is the process of segmenting an image by detecting discontinuities in brightness. So far, several standard segmentation methods have been widely used for edge detection. However, due to inherent quality of images, these methods prove ineffective if they are applied without any preprocessing. In this paper, an image preprocessing approach has been adopted in order to get certain parameters that are useful to perform better edge detection with the standard edge detection methods. The proposed preprocessing approach involves median filtering to reduce the noise in image and then Edge Detection technique is carried out. And atlast Standard edge detection methods can be applied to the resultant preprocessing image and its Simulation results are show that our preprocessed approach when used with a standard edge detection method enhances its performance

Histopathology of the gill of Lutjanus russelli infected with Learnanthropus species (Copepoda: Anthosomatidae)

Abstract Histopathologic changes caused by copepods in the gills of Lutjanus russelli were studied. For histological sections, samples were stained by haematoxylin, eosin and mounted permanently in Canada balsam. Microphotographs of selected portions were prepared in support of the damage caused by the parasites. The histopathologic changes caused by the Learnanthropus species (Copepoda: Anthosomatidae) include several destruction and necrotic changes in gill filaments and secondary lamellae were recorded and the results were analysed

Retraction Note to: Magnetohydrodynamic 3D slip flow in a suspension of carbon nanotubes over a slendering sheet with heat source/sink

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Fine coal beneficiation by pilot column flotation

Beneficiation of coal fines with high ash content was attempted in an operating coal preparation plant by retrofitting a 0.5 m diameter pilot plant scale flotation column in the circuit. The collector and frother dosage were optimized as 0.680 kg/t and 0.058 kg/t respectively. At these reagent conditions the operating parameters of pilot scale flotation column were also optimized. The maximum yield of the froth obtained was 67.5% at the targeted ash level of 14% from a feed of 25% ash content. This was obtained at the operating parameters of 0.85 cm/s superficial air flow velocity, 0.57 cm/s superficial feed slurry velocity and 600 mm froth height. The performance of flotation column was found to be marginally better than that of the conventional flotation cells in the washery. Also, advantages such as low operational, maintenance and energy costs and operational flexibility in the case of flotation column could lead to financial accruals over a long run

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.</jats:p