BRAINWAVE MANEUVERED WHEELCHAIR

In this world, there are millions of people who suffer from quadriplegic, paralysis, mobility disorder, neuromuscular disorder in which organ below the neck can’t be controlled by the patients. The system which has been developed in this project is using electroencephalogram based promising and important technology using Brain Computer Interface. It helps unblessed people to control the organ below neck using their own brain. Modern electroencephalogram-based Brain Computer Interface uses gel type electrodes and this type of technology is only limited to hospitals and laboratories and it requires 30 minutes to acquire a brain signal and this proposed system is very costly. But to overcome this cup type electrodes are used and overall cost is reduced to make it cost effective. It has been made portable, so that users can handle and carry it easily. It is possible to operate an electric wheelchair for individuals with disabilities using electroencephalogram signals of their eye movements, which is accomplished via the application of algorithms in MATLAB. Finally, the outcomes of this suggested system provide useful outputs for the user.Keywords: Algorithms; Brain Computer Interface (BCI); Electroencephalogram (EEG); Electric wheelchair and Eye movements

A Review on Brain-Controlled Home Automation

A "smart home" employs ambient intelligence to keep tabs on things around the house so that the owner may get services tailored to their specific needs and control their home appliances from afar. Home automation for the elderly and handicapped focuses on enabling older persons and those with disabilities to live safely and comfortably at home. Additionally, the integration of this technology with a brain-computer interface (BCI) is perhaps of tremendous usefulness to those who are either old or disabled. These BCI-based brain-controlled home automation (BCHA) systems have emerged as a viable option for people with neuro disorders to remain in their homes rather than move to assisted living facilities. To summarize, BCI-based BCHA for the elderly and handicapped people is transforming people's lives every day. Most individuals prefer a simple approach to save time and effort. Automating the house is the simplest way for individuals to save time and effort. The brain-computer interface, often known as a BCI, is an innovative method of human-computer connection that does not rely on conventional output channels (muscle tissue and peripheral nerve). Over the course of the last three decades, it has attracted the attention of industry experts and developed into a thriving centre for research. Brain-controlled home automation (BCHA), as a typical BCI application, may provide physically challenged people with a new communication route with the outside world. However, the primary challenge that BCHA faces is to rapidly decipher multi-degree-of-freedom control instructions extracted from an electroencephalogram (EEG). The BCHA's research has made significant headway in a short amount of time during the last fifteen years. This study investigates the BCHA from several viewpoints, including the pattern of instructions for the control system, the type of signal acquisition, and the operational mechanism of the control system itself. This paper a concise description of the building blocks of smart homes and how they may be used to construct BCI-controlled home automation to assist disabled individuals. It is a compilation of information pertaining to communication protocols, multimedia devices, sensors, and systems that are often used in the process of putting smart homes into action. A comprehensive strategy for developing a functional and sustainable BCI-controlled home automation system is laid out in this paper as well, which could be useful to researchers in the future

Evaluation of non-invasive ventilation compliance in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or obesity hypoventilation syndrome patients: an observational study

Background: Recent times have seen the rise in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome/obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OSAS/OHS) patients across the globe. Availability of sleep study centers, questionnaires, and more awareness have made the diagnosis of OSAS/OHS early. But still, the majority of patients suffer from morbidity associated with OSAS/OHS despite the better diagnosis, the most common cause being non-adherence to (CPAP). This needs to be addressed more vigilantly and with utmost importance for successful management of OSAS/OHS.Methods: This is an observational study, we selected patients by reviewing sleep study records at a tertiary care center (Rohilkhand medical college and hospital) in Bareilly, India. All diagnosed patients with OSAS/OHS (i.e. AHI >5) were telephoned and enquired about symptoms and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use. They were evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire.Results: In our study, we had total of 49 OSAS/OHS patients with mean age of 50.6 years and mean BMI of 35.63. Male patients were 37 (75.5%) and at the time of diagnosis AHI (mean) was 60.67 events/hour. In NIV users there were 24 patients (48.97%), 22 patients (91.7%) feel they have been benefitted from CPAP and 2 patients (8.3%) do not feel benefit from CPAP (NIV) use. Among NIV users there was significant drop of AHI (mean) to 8.07. Among NIV users there was a reduction in symptoms like excessive day time sleepiness in 18 patients (81.81%), witnessed apnea in 15 patients (88.23%), snoring in 21 patients (91.30%), blood pressure in 3 patients (21.42%), blood sugar levels in 2 patients (20%), morning headache in 5 patients (83.30%), depressive mood in 2 patients (40%), perceived memory loss in 3 patients (33.3%), sense of choking in 17 patients (94.4%) and weight loss in 19 patients (76%).Conclusions: CPAP significantly improves symptoms and provides objective as well as subjective benefit to OSAS/OHS patients but still significant proportion of patients hesitate to initiate the therapy. Poor education/awareness regarding OSAS/OHS and non-availability of affordable CPAP remains the leading cause of non-compliance. There is a need for early education, reinforcement and affordable CPAP therapy

ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD PROTEIN TRANSFERRIN POLYMOROPHISM WITH SOME PHYSICAL TRAITS OF BLACK BENGAL GOAT

The aim of this study was to determine the influences of polymorphism of transferrin on some the physical traits in Black Bengal goat. The material of this study comprised of 199 adult Black Bengal does. The least square analysis of data revealed that the overall estimate of body length, heart girth, height at wither and body weight of adult Black Bengal does were found to be 16.875 ± 0.131 inches, 25.504 ± 0.248 inches, 16.452 ± 0.152 inches and 14.306 ± 0.159 kg, respectively. The does having TfCC phenovariant performed better than other phenovariant for all physical traits except heart girth. The maximum estimate for TfCC phenovariant in this study were 17.443 ± 0.407 inch for body length, 16.782 ± 0.449 inch for height at wither and 15.202 ± 0.508 kg for body weight. The highest estimate of 26.699 ± 0.867 inch for heart girth was observed in TfBC phenovariant does. White colour variety does performed paramount compared to other three coat colour of Black Bengal goat for all physical traits. The average value observed for different physical traits in white colour variety as 17.309 ± 0.264 inch for body length, 26.351 ± 0.425 inch for heart girth, 16.959 ± 0.344 inches for height at wither and 14.736 ± 2.994 kg for body weight. White colour does having TfAC phenovariant performed most excellent for body length (18.711 ± 0.841 inches) and heart girth (30.139 ± 0.574 inches) while white colour with TfAA phenovariant showed maximum value for height at wither (18.5285 ± 1.215 inches). However, black colour with TfCC phenovariant showed maximum value for body weight (16.457 ± 0.754 kg). In this study, the relationship between the phenovariant observed in locus of transferrin, coat colour and interaction of both with all the physical traits were statistically non-significant

Topical, Biological and Clinical Challenges in the Management of Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorders among adolescents and young adults. It is associated with substantial morbidity and, rarely, with mortality. The exact worldwide incidence and prevalence are currently unknown. Current challenges involve improving understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and developing a practical treatment consensus. Expert panel discussions were held in 2013 and 2014 among a group of scientists and clinicians from the Omani and United Arab Emirate Dermatology Societies to ascertain the current optimal management of acne vulgaris, identify clinically relevant end-points and construct suitable methodology for future clinical trial designs. This article reviews the discussions of these sessions and recent literature on this topic

Osmotic controlled drug delivery system (OSMO technology) and its impact on diabetes care

Recently, focus on the development of controlled release drug delivery system has increased, as existing drugs exhibit certain pharmacokinetic limitations. The major goal of designing sustained release formulations is to improve the drug performance by prolonged duration of drug action, decreased frequency of dosing and reduced side effects by using smallest quantity of drug administered by the most suitable route. Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OSMO technology) is the most promising strategy based system for sustained delivery of drug. Drug can be delivered in a controlled manner over a long period of time by the process of osmosis. Osmotic drug delivery system appears to be a promising solution for the limitations of conventional extended release formulations by virtue of their distinguished technological features. The present review describes briefly about various controlled drug delivery systems with special focus on advantages of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system related to diabetes therapy and improved compliance

Acute otitis externa: Consensus definition, diagnostic criteria and core outcome set development.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence for the management of acute otitis externa (AOE) is limited, with unclear diagnostic criteria and variably reported outcome measures that may not reflect key stakeholder priorities. We aimed to develop 1) a definition, 2) diagnostic criteria and 3) a core outcome set (COS) for AOE. STUDY DESIGN: COS development according to Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology and parallel consensus selection of diagnostic criteria/definition. SETTING: Stakeholders from the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Comprehensive literature review identified candidate items for the COS, definition and diagnostic criteria. Nine individuals with past AOE generated further patient-centred candidate items. Candidate items were rated for importance by patient and professional (ENT doctors, general practitioners, microbiologists, nurses, audiologists) stakeholders in a three-round online Delphi exercise. Consensus items were grouped to form the COS, diagnostic criteria, and definition. RESULTS: Candidate COS items from patients (n = 28) and literature (n = 25) were deduplicated and amalgamated to a final candidate list (n = 46). Patients emphasised quality-of-life and the impact on daily activities/work. Via the Delphi process, stakeholders agreed on 31 candidate items. The final COS covered six outcomes: pain; disease severity; impact on quality-of-life and daily activities; patient satisfaction; treatment-related outcome; and microbiology. 14 candidate diagnostic criteria were identified, 8 reaching inclusion consensus. The final definition for AOE was 'diffuse inflammation of the ear canal skin of less than 6 weeks duration'. CONCLUSION: The development and adoption of a consensus definition, diagnostic criteria and a COS will help to standardise future research in AOE, facilitating meta-analysis. Consulting former patients throughout development highlighted deficiencies in the outcomes adopted previously, in particular concerning the impact of AOE on daily life

Competence in Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, From Training Through Independent Practice.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is unclear whether participation in competency-based fellowship programs for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) results in high-quality care in independent practice. We measured quality indicator (QI) adherence during the first year of independent practice among physicians who completed endoscopic training with a systematic assessment of competence. METHODS: We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study of invited participants from 62 training programs. In phase 1, 24 advanced endoscopy trainees (AETs), from 20 programs, were assessed using a validated competence assessment tool. We used a comprehensive data collection and reporting system to create learning curves using cumulative sum analysis that were shared with AETs and trainers quarterly. In phase 2, participating AETs entered data into a database pertaining to every EUS and ERCP examination during their first year of independent practice, anchored by key QIs. RESULTS: By the end of training, most AETs had achieved overall technical competence (EUS 91.7%, ERCP 73.9%) and cognitive competence (EUS 91.7%, ERCP 94.1%). In phase 2 of the study, 22 AETs (91.6%) participated and completed a median of 136 EUS examinations per AET and 116 ERCP examinations per AET. Most AETs met the performance thresholds for QIs in EUS (including 94.4% diagnostic rate of adequate samples and 83.8% diagnostic yield of malignancy in pancreatic masses) and ERCP (94.9% overall cannulation rate). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective multicenter study, we found that although competence cannot be confirmed for all AETs at the end of training, most meet QI thresholds for EUS and ERCP at the end of their first year of independent practice. This finding affirms the effectiveness of training programs. Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT02509416