An Inflated Probability Model for the Rural Out-Migration

The main objective of the paper is to develop an inflated Probability model for the total number of migrants from a household. The suitability of the model is tested through observed data

An Innovative Design of a Dual Axis Automatic Tracking Solar Power Generation System with Improved Performance in Different Environmental Conditions

The term solar energy refers to the radiation in light energy and the heat of the sun that is received in a high amount. The solar energy that is received from the sun reaches the surface from the 6 surface layers that travel from the sun to power the environment. Some parts of solar energy can be converted into electrical energy, and the maximum solar energy is transmitted or reflected in the environment. Solar energy can be converted and used to the fullest extent possible while there is an energy crisis in the world, society, and power companies. In this paper, we will discuss solar energy generation, control of power, tracking of the solar panel, data collection from the SPV power plant, and comparison of the solar tracking data and non-tracking data. The main aims of this research are to reduce the cost and increase the amount of electricity generated for installed PV systems by fabricating a simple control circuit for dual axis solar tracker PV systems. It is possible to design an SPV power plant monitoring system that can be installed along with the solar panels for the generation of electrical energy and can be controlled and monitored remotely. It should be checked frequently to ensure system control and continuous power supply. By implementing both techniques, the cost of a PV power plant can be reduced by increasing the productivity and proper monitoring of the photovoltaic generation system. This paper presents a detailed description of the designed and fabricated electrical circuits used in the tracker PV system and string monitoring system. Reduction in operating cost of SPV dual axis tracking system. Power losses due to control circuits in the moonlight are also avoided, as per the design presented by many authors in the past. Energy losses can be detected and corrected by monitoring the operational performance and analyzing the recorded data of PV systems. Monitoring PV systems is pretty helpful in developing white papers and setting benchmarks for the system performance of PV systems. The sun tracker circuit consists of a 12-volt power supply circuit, an LDR-based sensor circuit, an H-bridge circuit, a timer circuit, and a DC motor driving circuit. For transferring the data wirelessly like PV string array voltage, current, and voltage taken by DC motor during the sun tracking throughout the whole day from the remote station to base station, a simple X-bee-based designed circuit

On Fixed Point Theorem in Fuzzy Metric Spaces

Abstract: - The Purpose of this paper, we prove common fixed point theorem using new continuity condition in fuzzy metric spaces. Keywords: - Compatible maps, R-weakly commuting maps, reciprocal continuity. Mathematics subject classification: - 47H10, 54H25

Effects of different mulches and net house on crucifer aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) population, growth and yield of broadleaf mustard (Brassica juncea)

Crucifer aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, is a key pest of broadleaf mustard and other crucifers. An alternative integrated management approaches are recommended to keep the pest below economic threshold level. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of mulching and net house on aphid population, growth and yield of broadleaf mustard. Experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with four replications from September to December 2016 at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Five treatments used in experiment was untreated control, black plastic mulch only, reflective plastic mulch only, black plastic mulch plus imidacloprid 70 WSG @ 0.13gm/liter, and net house plus black plastic mulch. The results showed that the lowest population of crucifer aphid was recorded inside the net house with black plastic mulch and black plastic mulch with imidaclorpid 70 WSG @ 0.13g/L spray. Reflective plastic mulch was superior as compared to black plastic mulch and control to reduce the aphid population. Similarly, the highest yield (26.86t/ha) was obtained inside the net house with black plastic mulch followed by black plastic mulch with imidacloprid spray (25.99 t/ha). But the benefit-cost ratio was the highest (4.09) in black plastic mulch with imidacloprid spray followed by reflective plastic mulch (3.42), black plastic mulch (3.32), and net house with black plastic mulch (3.10). Benefit-cost ratio was lower in net house with black plastic mulch but products are safe from toxins and potentially profitable in long run. Considering its ecological cost, the use of pest exclusion net is recommended as a viable option for controlling insect pests of broadleaf mustard

Guaranteed Protection in Survivable WDM Mesh Networks – New ILP Formulations for Link Protection and Path Protection, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2011, nr 4

In this paper we propose new simple integer linear programs (ILPs) formulations for minimizing capacity (in wavelength link) utilization in survivable WDM network. The study examines the performance of shared based protection schemes, such as path protection scheme and link protection scheme under single fiber failure. The numerical results obtained show a reduction in capacity utilization using random traffic compared to the reported ILP formulation. We also present the results using Poisson’s traffic to identify the frequently used links for the widely used NSF network. The proposed work not only reduces the wavelength consumption in different traffic scenarios but also efficient in terms of simulation time

Structural insights into the repair mechanism of AGT for methyl-induced DNA damage

Methylation induced DNA base-pairing damage is one of the major causes of cancer. O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) is considered a demethylation agent of the methylated DNA. Structural investigations with thermodynamic properties of the AGT-DNA complex are still lacking. In this report, we modeled two catalytic states of AGT-DNA interactions and an AGT-DNA covalent complex and explored structural features using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We utilized the umbrella sampling method to investigate the changes in the free energy of the interactions in two different AGT-DNA catalytic states, one with methylated GUA in DNA and the other with methylated CYS145 in AGT. These non-covalent complexes represent the pre- A nd post-repair complexes. Therefore, our study encompasses the process of recognition, complex formation, and separation of the AGT and the damaged (methylated) DNA base. We believe that the use of parameters for the amino acid and nucleotide modifications and for the protein-DNA covalent bond will allow investigations of the DNA repair mechanism as well as the exploration of cancer therapeutics targeting the AGT-DNA complexes at various functional states as well as explorations via stabilization of the complex

Trends in the nephrologist workforce in South Africa (2002–2017) and forecasting for 2030

Background: The growing global health burden of kidney disease is substantial and the nephrology workforce is critical to managing it. There are concerns that the nephrology workforce appears to be shrinking in many countries. This study analyses trends in South Africa for the period 2002–2017, describes current training capacity and uses this as a basis for forecasting the nephrology workforce for 2030. Methods: Data on registered nephrologists for the period 2002 to 2017 was obtained from the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa. Training capacity was assessed using data on government-funded posts for nephrologists and nephrology trainees, as well as training post numbers (the latter reflecting potential training capacity). Based on the trends, the gap in the supply of nephrologists was forecast for 2030 based on three targets: reducing the inequalities in provincial nephrologist densities, reducing the gap between public and private sector nephrologist densities, and international benchmarking using the Global Kidney Health Atlas and British Renal Society recommendations. Results: The number of nephrologists increased from 53 to 141 (paediatric nephrologists increased from 9 to 22) over the period 2002–2017. The density in 2017 was 2.5 nephrologists per million population (pmp). In 2002, the median age of nephrologists was 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 39–56 years) and in 2017 the median age was 48 years (IQR 41–56 years). The number of female nephrologists increased from 4 to 3 and the number of Black nephrologists increased from 3 to 24. There have been no nephrologists practising in the North West and Mpumalanga provinces and only one each in Limpopo and the Northern Cape. The current rate of production of nephrologists is eight per year. At this rate, and considering estimates of nephrologists exiting the workforce, there will be 2.6 nephrologists pmp in 2030. There are 17 government-funded nephrology trainee posts while the potential number based on the prescribed trainer-trainee ratio is 72. To increase the nephrologist density of all provinces to at least the level of KwaZulu-Natal (2.8 pmp), which has a density closest to the country average, a projected 72 additional nephrologists (six per year) would be needed by 2030. Benchmarking against the 25th centile (5.1 pmp) of upper-middle income countries (UMICs) reported in the Global Kidney Health Atlas would require the training of an additional eight nephrologists per year. Conclusions South Africa has insufficient nephrologists, especially in the public sector and in certain provinces. A substantial increase in the production of new nephrologists is required. This requires an increase in funded training posts and posts for qualified nephrologists in the public sector. This study has estimated the numbers and distribution of nephrologists needed to address provincial inequalities and achieve realistic nephrologist density targets

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy