Bone impairment in adolescent female rats chronically exposed to ethanol

258-262Ethanol consumption has increased among teenagers worldwide considerably,including females. Long-term ethanol consumption in women has been reported to cause bone metabolism imbalance. However, only few studies are available on the impact of long-term ethanol consumptionon bone morphology during adolescence. Here, we report the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on bone structure in adolescent female rats. Twenty female Wistar rats (35 days old) received, by gavage, distilled water (control) or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) once daily for 55 days. After ethanol administration, animals were perfused, and the femora were collected. Morphometric evaluations were performed by electron microscopy scanning. Femora length, cortical bone thickness and medullar bone diameter was measured. The results demonstrated that ethanol exposure during adolescence reduced the length of femurs, with a decrease of the anterior thickness, posterior thickness, and mid-lateral diameter (P<0.05). Thus, long-term ethanol intake may lead to alterations on bone morphometry, reducing the thickness of compact bone and femur length in adolescent females

PARASITOS DE POTENCIAL ZOONÓTICO EM SOLOS DE PARQUES PÚBLICOS EM TERESINA/PIAUÍ

Environmental contamination by parasitic forms can represent a public health problem, as many of these agents can contaminate the human beings. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the existence of parasites of zoonotic potential in two public parks in the city of Teresina (Piauí, Brazil) during the rainy and dry period in the region. For this purpose, sand samples were collected during 2018, firstly in March, representing the rainy period, and then in October, the dry period. A total of 20 samples was collected, 10 from each park. From the samples collected in park 1during the rainy season, two were positive for hookworm and Toxocara spp. Larvae. In this same period, park 2 was without the presence of parasites. During the dry period, one site in park 1 remained positive for hookworm and Toxocara spp. larvae, while these parasitic forms were found in two locations in park 2. In both parks, the presence of dogs and cats was observed in and around these environments. These findings reveal the risk of human contamination by parasites of zoonotic potential in the two public parks at different times of the year, serving as a warning for the population of Teresina.A contaminação ambiental por formas parasitárias pode representar um problema de saúde pública, pois muitos desses agentes podem contaminar os seres humanos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a existência de parasitos de potencial zoonótico em dois parques públicos do município de Teresina (Piauí, Brasil) durante os períodos chuvoso e seco da região. Para isso, amostras de areia foram coletadas durante o ano de 2018, primeiramente em março, representando o período chuvoso, e depois em outubro, o período seco. Foi coletado um total de 20 amostras, sendo 10 de cada parque. Das amostras coletadas no parque 1durante o período chuvoso, duas foram positivas para larvas de ancilostomídeos e de Toxocara spp. Nesse mesmo período, o parque 2 encontrava-se sem a presença de parasitos. Durante o período seco, um local do parque 1 continuou sendo positivo para larvas de ancilostomídeos e Toxocara spp., enquanto no parque 2 foram encontradas essas formas parasitárias em dois locais. Em ambos os parques, foi observada a presença de cães e gatos dentro e nos arredores dos ambientes. Esses achados revelam o risco de contaminação humana por parasitos de potencial zoonótico nos dois parques públicos em diferentes épocas do ano, servindo de alerta para a população de Teresina

Physical Activity Reduces the Prevalence of Periodontal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Regular physical activity boosts several physical capacities and reduces many inflammatory markers of several diseases. In this sense, periodontal disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of tooth supporting tissues that has been claimed to trigger processes of systemic alterations. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of physical activity on periodontal disease.Methods: Observational studies published until August 2018 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar) after developing a PECO statement that focused on the comparison between adults that followed a routine of exercises or presented a sedentary lifestyle and its effects on periodontal disease. Searching and data extraction were conducted by following PRISMA guidelines. Registration protocol: CRD42016049661. Quality assessment and risk of bias were analyzed by following Fowkes and Fulton protocol.Results: A total of 512 references were retrieved, while only seven were considered eligible. Two meta-analysis involving the prevalence of periodontal disease and unadjusted/adjusted Odds ratio were performed. One of studies did not find association between clinical periodontal parameters and physical activity. Six articles suggested an association between periodontal disease and regular practice of physical activity since a reduction of periodontal prevalence was observed. Moderate level of evidence was demonstrated on GRADE analysis.Conclusion: Physical activity was associated as a potential tool for reduction of periodontal disease prevalence. The frequency of physical activity is directly related to a low occurrence of periodontitis. However, it is important that further investigations evaluate the effects of other exercise variables, such as volume and intensity, on the periodontal disease prevalence

Occurrence of Intestinal Parasites in Alouatta caraya of the Zoobotanical Park of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Background: The animals of the genus Alouatta are popularly known as Bugios, barbados, roncadores and guaribas, being the neotropical primates better studied in the world. They originate in South America, with records in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Because of their migrations, many are found debilitated and taken to captivity until their rehabilitation and most cannot be reinserted in nature. They tend to live in extensive areas, having a low resistance against parasitic infections because of low exposure and when kept in captivity, the risks of these infections increase. Some diagnostic techniques can aid in the detection of parasites of zoo animals and can identify the parasitic fauna of these animals. The objective of this work was to investigate and report the presence of intestinal parasites in a female Bugio-preta (Alouatta caraya) captive of the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.Case: The animal presented a constipation signs before clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, diarrhea and weight loss, suggestive signs of parasitosis, Sterile papers were placed on the floor of the animal enclosure and collected fresh stools shortly after defecation, the feces were removed using gloves, stored in a capped containers, identified and taken to the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Department of Parasitology and Microbiology of the Federal University of Piauí, for further evaluation. The fecal samples were submitted to the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation (HPJ), centrifugation-flotation (Faust) and flotation method in hyper saturated sucrose solution (Willis-Mollay), obtaining slides that were analyzed under an optical microscope in the 10x and 40x objective, confirming the presence of ascarids and hookworms.Discussion: The results showed the presence of eggs of Ascaris sp. and Ancylostoma sp. in all of the analyzed techniques, thus maintaining an alert, since they are considered helminths of zoonotic character. The general state of the animal may have influenced considerably the result of mixed infection by helminths, since it had episodes of diarrhea and was skinny at the time of diagnosis. Diarrheal feces and slimming favor the encounter of mixed infection, since the parasites in large quantity can cause to their hosts a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and an intestinal peristalsis increase. Other works with primates also revealed the presence of parasites in animals, including protozoans. The collection moment and evaluation of the fecal samples of the Bugio coincided with the rainy period in the region. This fact can favor the increase of eggs and larvae of parasites in the environment and, consequently, can contaminate the animals. Regarding to sanitary management of zoos, areas full of plants and trees make it difficult to hygienize the enclosures and in these places is common the presence of other animals that can serve as carriers of pathogens. The available diagnostic great relevance to assess the degree of animal infection, the possibility of transmission and the sanitary conditions of the environment. It was concluded that the female Bugio of the Teresina Zoobotanical Park was parasitized by ascarids and hookworms and the techniques of parasitological exams performed represented great relevance for the early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment, being able to be used for the control of diseases parasites, mainly zoonoses

Bone impairment in adolescent female rats chronically exposed to ethanol

Ethanol consumption has increased among teenagers worldwide considerably,including females. Long-term ethanol consumption in women has been reported to cause bone metabolism imbalance. However, only few studies are available on the impact of long-term ethanol consumptionon bone morphology during adolescence. Here, we report the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on bone structure in adolescent female rats. Twenty female Wistar rats (35 days old) received, by gavage, distilled water (control) or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) once daily for 55 days. After ethanol administration, animals were perfused, and the femora were collected. Morphometric evaluations were performed by electron microscopy scanning. Femora length, cortical bone thickness and medullar bone diameter was measured. The results demonstrated that ethanol exposure during adolescence reduced the length of femurs, with a decrease of the anterior thickness, posterior thickness, and mid-lateral diameter (P&lt;0.05). Thus, long-term ethanol intake may lead to alterations on bone morphometry, reducing the thickness of compact bone and femur length in adolescent females

Être jeune en Afrique rurale [dossier]

À partir de données récoltées sur deux décennies, cet article examine le rôle de la mobilité des jeunes dans l'adaptation d'une communauté rurale sénégalaise aux changements écologiques, économiques et socio-culturels. La migration temporaire est devenue une dimension à part entière des parcours de vie des jeunes femmes et des jeunes hommes. Elle permet de diversifier les ressources familiales face à l'incapacité de l'agriculture à couvrir les besoins de base et aux nouveaux besoins des jeunes avides de modernité. Les formes de migration évoluent, notamment en liaison avec la montée de la scolarisation ; et la mobilité transforme les relations intergénérationnelles et de genre. Toutefois, restant ancrée dans des stratégies familiales, elle apparaît comme un facteur de résilience dans un contexte de mutations multiformes

Genotoxic effect of non-lethal concentrations of minocycline in human glial cell culture

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brazil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001 and supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura Celular e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura Celular e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura Celular e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Institute of Biological Science. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology. Belém, PA, Brazil.Minocycline has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent with pleiotropic effects on several experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, including microglial inhibition. However, although most studies have focused on the central actions of minocycline in affecting microglial functions, other central nervous system (CNS) cell types may also be affected by this drug toxicity. Hence, considering that glial cells play a pivotal role on CNS physiology and are the main responsible for neuronal integrity, a comprehensive investigation on the effects of minocycline treatment on human glial cells is mandatory before translational studies to afford neuroprotection in humans. Therefore, we explored the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of minocycline at different concentrations in glial cells using an in vitro model. To achieve this, U87 glial cell were exposed to 10–50 μg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability, general metabolic status and genotoxic assays were performed. No changes were observed in cell viability, however, the general metabolic status decreased over 20 μg/mL. In addition, although no chromossome aberrations were observed, evidences of genotoxicity, such as increase on micronucleus, buds and bridges, were observed from 10 μg/mL. These results suggest that minocycline may induce genotoxic effects even at concentrations considered previously safe and should be used with caution in translational studies

Alveolar bone loss induced by chronic ethanol consumption from adolescence to adulthood in Wistar rats

93-97Though there are literature indicating the bone loss due to alcohol consumption, studies on the association between ethanol consumption and periodontal breakdown in animals are either scarce or have provided conflicting results. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic alcohol exposure from adolescence to adulthood on the alveolar bone in rats. Wistar rats were exposed to ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day) in a solution of 22.5% (w/v) or distilled water (control) by gavage from 35 days of age (adolescent) until 90 days (adulthood). Evaluation of the bone loss was performed using scanning electronic microscopy, in which the distances between the cement-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest from the palatal side of the first molar mandibular were measured. The measurements obtained were tabulated and analyzed using Student’s t-test. Alcohol-treated group revealed greater bone loss in comparison to the control group. These findings indicate that heavy chronic alcohol exposure from adolescent to adulthood can induce alveolar bone loss in rats associated to absence of periodontitis. </span

Long-Term Lead Exposure Since Adolescence Causes Proteomic and Morphological Alterations in the Cerebellum Associated with Motor Deficits in Adult Rats

Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that presents a high risk for human health. We aimed to investigate the possible alterations triggered by the exposure to Pb acetate for a long period in motor performance and the possible relationship with biochemical, proteomic and morphological alterations in the cerebellum of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 55 days, at 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate, and the control animals received distilled water. Open field (OF) and rotarod tests; biochemistry parameters (MDA and nitrite); staining/immunostaining of Purkinje cells (PC), mature neurons (MN), myelin sheath (MS) and synaptic vesicles (SYN) and proteomic profile were analyzed. Pb deposition on the cerebellum area and this study drove to exploratory and locomotion deficits and a decrease in the number of PC, MN, SYN and MS staining/immunostaining. The levels of MDA and nitrite remained unchanged. The proteomic profile showed alterations in proteins responsible for neurotransmitters release, as well as receptor function and second messengers signaling, and also proteins involved in the process of apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the long-term exposure to low Pb dose promoted locomotion and histological tracings, associated with alterations in the process of cell signaling, as well as death by apoptosis