Pengendalian Getah Kuning Pada Buah Manggis Dengan Irigasi Tetes Dan Antitranspiran Chitosan

Manggis merupakan buah segar terbanyak yang diekspor Indonesia, namun hanya 12,79% dari total produksi buah manggis Indonesia yang layak ekspor karena kualitasnya rendah. Gangguan getah kuning merupakan penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas buah manggis. Penelitian bertujuan mengendalikan getah kuning pada buah manggis dengan irigasi tetes dan antitranspiran Chitosan. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun manggis petani di Desa Munduk Bestala, Kecamatan Seririt, Buleleng, pada musim panas (April–November 2011). Perlakuan yang dicoba terdiri atas dua faktor, disusun secara petak terpisah dengan rancangan acak kelompok dan sembilan ulangan. Faktor utama adalah perlakuan irigasi tetes terdiri atas dua taraf, yaitu dengan irigasi tetes (I) dan tanpa irigasi tetes/kontrol (I (A1), dan 0,30% (A2k), sedangkan subplot adalah konsentrasi antitranspiran Chitosan, terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu 0% (A). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara irigasi tetes dan konsentrasi antitranspiran berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap getah kuning pada buah manggis. Perlakuan irigasi tetes meningkatkan secara nyata persentase buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada perlakuan irigasi tetes mencapai 83,70%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 36,30%. Demikian pula pemberian antitranspiran Chitosan menurunkan secara nyata buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada antitranspiran Chitosan konsentrasi 0,15% dan 0,30% masing masing 60,00% dan 64,44%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 55,56%. Disamping itu, antitranspiran Chitosan tidak menurunkan proses fotosintesis yang tercermin dari tidak turunnya kandungan gula pereduksi, gula total, dan sukrosa daun

A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India

BACKGROUND: Y-chromosomal haplogroup (Y-HG) Q is suggested to originate in Asia and represent recent founder paternal Native American radiation into the Americas. This group is delineated into Q1, Q2 and Q3 subgroups defined by biallelic markers M120, M25/M143 and M3, respectively. Recently, a novel subgroup Q4 has been identified which is defined by bi-allelic marker M346, representing HG Q (0.41%, 3/728) in Indian population. With scanty details of HG Q in Asia, especially India, it was pertinent to explore the status of the Y-HG Q in Indian population to gather an insight to determine the extent of diversity within this region. RESULTS: We observed 15/630 (2.38%) Y-HG Q individuals in India with an ancestral state at M120, M25, M3 and M346 markers, indicating an absence of already known Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 sub-haplogroups. Interestingly, we further observed a novel 4 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism (ss4 bp, rs41352448) at 72,314 position of human arylsulfatase D pseudogene, defining a novel sub-lineage Q5 (in 5/15 individuals, i.e., 33.3 % of the observed Y-HG Q) with distributions independent of the social, cultural, linguistic and geographical affiliations in India. CONCLUSION: The study adds another sublineage Q5 in the already existing arrangement of Y-HG Q in literature. It was quite interesting to observe an ancestral state Q* and a novel sub-branch Q5, not reported elsewhere, in Indian subcontinent, though in low frequency. A novel subgroup Q4 was identified recently which is also restricted to Indian subcontinent. The most plausible explanation for these observations could be an ancestral migration of individuals bearing ancestral lineage Q* to Indian subcontinent followed by an autochthonous differentiation to Q4 and Q5 sublineages later on. However, other explanations of, either the presence of both the sub haplogroups (Q4 and Q5) in ancestral migrants or recent migrations from central Asia, cannot be ruled out till the distribution and diversity of these subgroups is explored extensively in Central Asia and other regions

Pengendalian Getah Kuning Pada Buah Manggis Dengan Irigasi Tetes dan Antitranspiran Chitosan

Manggis merupakan buah segar terbanyak yang diekspor Indonesia, namun hanya 12,79% dari total produksi buah manggis Indonesia yang layak ekspor karena kualitasnya rendah. Gangguan getah kuning merupakan penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas buah manggis. Penelitian bertujuan mengendalikan getah kuning pada buah manggis dengan irigasi tetes dan antitranspiran Chitosan. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun manggis petani di Desa Munduk Bestala, Kecamatan Seririt, Buleleng, pada musim panas (April–November 2011). Perlakuan yang dicoba terdiri atas dua faktor, disusun secara petak terpisah dengan rancangan acak kelompok dan sembilan ulangan. Faktor utama adalah perlakuan irigasi tetes terdiri atas dua taraf, yaitu dengan irigasi tetes (I) dan tanpa irigasi tetes/kontrol (I (A1), dan 0,30% (A2k), sedangkan subplot adalah konsentrasi antitranspiran Chitosan, terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu 0% (A). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara irigasi tetes dan konsentrasi antitranspiran berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap getah kuning pada buah manggis. Perlakuan irigasi tetes meningkatkan secara nyata persentase buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada perlakuan irigasi tetes mencapai 83,70%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 36,30%. Demikian pula pemberian antitranspiran Chitosan menurunkan secara nyata buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning. Buah yang dagingnya tidak bergetah kuning pada antitranspiran Chitosan konsentrasi 0,15% dan 0,30% masing masing 60,00% dan 64,44%, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 55,56%. Disamping itu, antitranspiran Chitosan tidak menurunkan proses fotosintesis yang tercermin dari tidak turunnya kandungan gula pereduksi, gula total, dan sukrosa daun.

Bio-nanotechnology application in wastewater treatment

The nanoparticles have received high interest in the field of medicine and water purification, however, the nanomaterials produced by chemical and physical methods are considered hazardous, expensive, and leave behind harmful substances to the environment. This chapter aimed to focus on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their medical applications. Moreover, the chapter highlighted the applicability of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the inactivation of microbial cells due to their high surface and small particle size. Modifying nanomaterials produced by green-methods is safe, inexpensive, and easy. Therefore, the control and modification of nanoparticles and their properties were also discussed

Life-threatening hemobilia caused by hepatic pseudoaneurysm after T-tube choledochostomy: report of a case

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hemobilia is a rare but lethal biliary tract complication. There are several causes of hemobilia which might be classified as traumatic or nontraumatic. Hemobilia caused by pseudoaneurysm might result from hepatobiliary surgery or percutaneous interventional hepatobiliary procedures. However, to our knowledge, there are no previous reports pertaining to hemobilia caused by hepatic pseudoaneurysm after T-tube choledochostomy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 65-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of acute calculous cholecystitis and cholangitis. He underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy via a right upper quadrant laparotomy and a temporary T-tube choledochostomy was created. However, on the 19th day after operation, he suffered from sudden onset of hematemesis and massive fresh blood drainage from the T-tube choledochostomy. Imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm associated hemobilia. The probable association of T-tube choledochostomy with pseudoaneurysm and hemobilia is also demonstrated. He underwent emergent selective microcoils emobolization to occlude the feeding artery of the pseudoaneurysm.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Pseudoaneurysm associated hemobilia may occur after T-tube choledochostomy. This case also highlights the importance that hemobilia should be highly suspected in a patient presenting with jaundice, right upper quadrant abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding after liver or biliary surgery.</p

Fludarabine modulates composition and function of the T cell pool in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

The combination of cytotoxic treatment with strategies for immune activation represents an attractive strategy for tumour therapy. Following reduction of high tumour burden by effective cytotoxic agents, two major immune-stimulating approaches are being pursued. First, innate immunity can be activated by monoclonal antibodies triggering antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Second, tumour-specific T cell responses can be generated by immunization of patients with peptides derived from tumour antigens and infused in soluble form or loaded onto dendritic cells. The choice of cytotoxic agents for such combinatory regimens is crucial since most substances such as fludarabine are considered immunosuppressive while others such as cyclophosphamide can have immunostimulatory activity. We tested in this study whether fludarabine and/or cyclophosphamide, which represent a very effective treatment regimen for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, would interfere with a therapeutic strategy of T cell activation. Analysis of peripheral blood samples from patients prior and during fludarabine/cyclophosphamide therapy revealed rapid and sustained reduction of tumour cells but also of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This correlated with a significant cytotoxic activity of fludarabine/cyclophosphamide on T cells in vitro. Unexpectedly, T cells surviving fludarabine/cyclophosphamide treatment in vitro had a more mature phenotype, while fludarabine-treated T cells were significantly more responsive to mitogenic stimulation than their untreated counterparts and showed a shift towards TH1 cytokine secretion. In conclusion, fludarabine/cyclophosphamide therapy though inducing significant and relevant T cell depletion seems to generate a micromilieu suitable for subsequent T cell activation

Uncovering Suitable Reference Proteins for Expression Studies in Human Adipose Tissue with Relevance to Obesity

Protein expression studies based on the two major intra-abdominal human fat depots, the subcutaneous and the omental fat, can shed light into the mechanisms involved in obesity and its co-morbidities. Here we address, for the first time, the identification and validation of reference proteins for data standardization, which are essential for accurate comparison of protein levels in expression studies based on fat from obese and non-obese individuals.To uncover adipose tissue proteins equally expressed either in omental and subcutaneous fat depots (study 1) or in omental fat from non-obese and obese individuals (study 2), we have reanalyzed our previously published data based on two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four proteins (12 in study 1 and 12 in study 2) with similar expression levels in all conditions tested were selected and identified by mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting analysis was used to confirm in adipose tissue the expression pattern of the potential reference proteins and three proteins were validated: PARK7, ENOA and FAA. Western Blot analysis was also used to test customary loading control proteins. ENOA, PARK7 and the customary loading control protein Beta-actin showed steady expression profiles in fat from non-obese and obese individuals, whilst FAA maintained steady expression levels across paired omental and subcutaneous fat samples.ENOA, PARK7 and Beta-actin are proper reference standards in obesity studies based on omental fat, whilst FAA is the best loading control for the comparative analysis of omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues either in obese and non-obese subjects. Neither customary loading control proteins GAPDH and TBB5 nor CALX are adequate standards in differential expression studies on adipose tissue. The use of the proposed reference proteins will facilitate the adequate analysis of proteins differentially expressed in the context of obesity, an aim difficult to achieve before this study

Untangling knowledge creation and knowledge integration in enterprise wikis

A central challenge organizations face is how to build, store, and maintain knowledge over time. Enterprise wikis are community-based knowledge systems situated in an organizational context. These systems have the potential to play an important role in managing knowledge within organizations, but the motivating factors that drive individuals to contribute their knowledge to these systems is not very well understood. We theorize that enterprise wiki initiatives require two separate and distinct types of knowledge-sharing behaviors to succeed: knowledge creation (KC) and knowledge integration (KI). We examine a Wiki initiative at a major German bank to untangle the motivating factors behind KC and KI. Our results suggest KC and KI are indeed two distinct behaviors, reconcile inconsistent findings from past studies on the role of motivational factors for knowledge sharing to establish shared electronic knowledge resources in organizations, and identify factors that can be leveraged to tilt behaviors in favor of KC or KI

Diversity analysis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm using the CottonSNP63K Array

Cotton germplasm resources contain beneficial alleles that can be exploited to develop germplasm adapted to emerging environmental and climate conditions. Accessions and lines have traditionally been characterized based on phenotypes, but phenotypic profiles are limited by the cost, time, and space required to make visual observations and measurements. With advances in molecular genetic methods, genotypic profiles are increasingly able to identify differences among accessions due to the larger number of genetic markers that can be measured. A combination of both methods would greatly enhance our ability to characterize germplasm resources. Recent efforts have culminated in the identification of sufficient SNP markers to establish high-throughput genotyping systems, such as the CottonSNP63K array, which enables a researcher to efficiently analyze large numbers of SNP markers and obtain highly repeatable results. In the current investigation, we have utilized the SNP array for analyzing genetic diversity primarily among cotton cultivars, making comparisons to SSR-based phylogenetic analyses, and identifying loci associated with seed nutritional traits. (Résumé d'auteur

Candida glabrata : a review of its features and resistance

Candida species belong to the normal microbiota of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts, and are responsible for several clinical manifestations, from mucocutaneous overgrowth to bloodstream infections. Once believed to be non-pathogenic, Candida glabrata was rapidly blamable for many human diseases. Year after year, these pathological circumstances are more recurrent and problematic to treat, especially when patients reveal any level of immunosuppression. These difficulties arise from the capacity of C. glabrata to form biofilms and also from its high resistance to traditional antifungal therapies. Thus, this review intends to present an excerpt of the biology, epidemiology, and pathology of C. glabrata, and detail an approach to its resistance mechanisms based on studies carried out up to the present.The authors are grateful to strategic project PTDC/SAU-MIC/119069/2010 for the financial support to the research center and for Celia F. Rodrigues' grant