The effect of a proposed program with small games to develop social behavior among second-stage pupils of primary education

تجلت أهمية البحث في دراسة أثر برنامج مقترح بالألعاب الصغيرة على السلوك الاجتماعي المدرسي. استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي ، شملت عينة البحث على(60) تلميذا وتلميذة تم اختيارهم عشوائيا من التلاميذ المدارس الابتدائية المشمولة بالتربية البدنية والرياضية لغرض معرفة تأثير البرنامج المقترح على مقياس السلوك الاجتماعي المدرسي مع مراعاة الأسس العلمية للمقياس من حيث الصدق والثبات والموضوعية وكانت النتائج كالأتي:وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية في المهارات الاجتماعية الشخصية لدى عينة الدراسة ولصالح الاختبار البعدي وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية في مهارات ضبط النفس لدى عينة الدراسة ولصالح الاختبار البعدي. توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية في المهارات الأكاديمية لدى عينة الدراسة ولصالح الاختبار البعدي. يؤثر البرامج المقترح في تطوير الكفاءة الاجتماعية لدى أفراد العينة بشكل ايجابي بشكل عام.he aim of the study is to study the effect of a proposed program on small games on school social behavior. The researcher used the experimental method. The sample included 60 randomly selected students and students from primary schools practicing physical education and sports to find out the effect of the proposed program on the school social behavior scale, taking into account the scientific bases of the scale in terms of honesty, consistency and objectivity.The results were as follows:  There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and final tests in the personal social skills of the study sample. There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and final tests in the self-control skills of the study sample.There are statistically significant differences between the tribal and final tests in the academic skills of the study sample.The programs used in the research to develop the social efficiency of students in general

Intensity of attention and relationship to motor response in swimming

يعد الربط مابين القدرات العقلية والبدنية ومنها حدة الانتباه والاستجابة الحركية أحد المتطلبات الأساسية في نجاح الفعل الحركي لاسيما أن أي أداء حركي يقترن بحدة الانتباه الذي ينتج عنه رد فعل جيد واستجابة حركية صحيحة. ولكون أن الانتباه والاستجابة لم يأخذ حيزا كبيرا من البحث والدراسة ارتأى الباحثان الوقوف على أهمية هذين المتغيرين في الأداء من خلال تحديد العلاقة بينهما لأهميتهما في رسم صورة واضحة لدى المهتمين في مجال التدريب في رياضة السباحة لوضع الأسلوب الأنسب في الارتقاء بمستوى الإنجاز. أما أهداف البحث فكانت: معرفة العلاقة بين حدة الانتباه والاستجابة الحركية لدى السباحين الناشئين.  وقد تمثلت فروض البحث في :هنالك علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين حدة الانتباه والاستجابة الحركية في رياضة السباحة. هذا وقد استخدم في الدراسة المنهج التجريبي ،وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (19) سباح ، إذا أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى حدة الانتباه يؤثر بشكل مباشر في الاستجابة الحركية لدى ناشئي السباحين المسجلين في نادي أمل السهوب بولاية الأغواطThe association between mental and physical abilities, including attention and motor response, is one of the basic requirements for the success of motor action and motor performance, coupled with the sharpness of attention resulting in good reaction and correct motor response. Because the attention and response did not take much space of research and study, the researchers decided to recognize the importance of these two variables in performance by determining the relationship between them for their importance in drawing a clear picture of those interested in the field of training in swimming to develop the most appropriate method to improve the level of achievement. The research objectives were

Contributions of physical education and sports to achieving sustainable development

تنبثق أهمية هذه الدراسة من أهمية موضوعها وهو التربية البدنية والرياضية وعلاقتها بالتنمية المستدامة الذي أصبح أسلوبا من أساليب التي يفرضها العصر الحاضر الذي يتصف بالتطور والتغير المتسارع، والذي يفرض على الدول والهيئات والمنظمات ومؤسسات المجتمع المدني والأفراد مواكبته حتى تحقق التوازن الاجتماعي الناتج عن العولمة وتأثيراتها. كما تحاول هذه الدراسة من خلال عرضها لأهداف التربية البدنية والرياضية في الوسط المدرسي والتنمية البشرية المستدامة، أن توضح العلاقات بينهما، كما تقدم وجهة نظر حول شمول مفهوم التنمية المستدامة ودور المؤسسات الحكومية فيها.The importance of this study stems from the importance of its topic, which is physical education and sports and its relationship to sustainable development, which has become one of the methods imposed by the present age that is characterized by rapid development and change, which imposes on states, bodies, organizations, civil society institutions and individuals to keep pace with it in order to achieve the social balance resulting from globalization and its effects. Through its presentation of the objectives of physical education and sports in the school environment and sustainable human development, this study also attempts to clarify the relations between them. It also provides a view on the inclusion of the concept of sustainable development and the role of government institutions in it

Effect of beam-column joints flexibility on the seismic response of setback RC buildings designed according to the Algerian seismic code

The Algerian seismic code assumes that the beam-column joints in monolithic reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are fully rigid. However, many experiments have proven the existence of relative rotations in these connections, and then the presence of relative transfer of bending moment. The present work aims to investigate the effect of beam-column joints modelling on the global seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames buildings, designed according to the Algerian seismic code recommendations. To consider the nonlinear deformation of the connections, an analytical model developed recently is used. This model includes two important deformation mechanisms; the first one covers the slippage of the continuous reinforcement within the column, whereas the second involves slippage caused by creating bending cracks at the extremities of the beams. Three multi-storey RC frames with different setback geometry, including a reference frame, are studied considering the connections as rigid/deformable. The nonlinear static procedure or pushover analysis is used to perform a nonlinear analysis of the studied structures and the results in terms of capacity curve, target displacement, storey drift, storey stiffness and the response reduction factor are presented. The results show the necessity of considering the beam-column connection flexibility when modelling this type of building

Organizational conflict and its management: A theoretical analysis

يعتبر موضوع الصراع التنظيمي من المواضيع الجاذبة لكل من الباحثين الآكاديميين والمسييرين المحترفين في مجال إدارة الأعمال، وذلك نظرا للدور الأساسي الذي يساهم به في تحسين بيئة العمل. إظافة الى الأثر الذي يسببه على العلاقة بين العمال، وبين العمال ومسؤوليهم.  وعلى هذا الأساس فإن هذه الورقة البحثية تسعى الى مناقشة عامة لموضوع الصراع التنظيمي من خلال التركيز على كل من مفهومه، المصادر التي تسبب وقوعه، ومراحل تضخمه.  كما أن هذا المقال يهدف الى دراسة أساليب إدارة الصراع التنظيمي بين الأفراد، ويسلط الضوء كذلك على الدور المهم الذي يجب على إدارة المنظمات أن تلعبه في حالات وقوع الصراع التنظيمي ولماذا.The subject of organizational conflict has attracted the attention of both academic researches and professional managers in the field of business due to its significant contribution to the wellbeing of the work environment.  As well as the effect it causes to the relationship between employees, and between staff and their supervisors.  Therefore, this paper aims to discuss in general the topic of organizational conflict by focusing on its definition, sources that generate it, and its escalation phases.  Furthermore, this article debates the styles of managing conflict between individuals, and highlights the important role that organization’s management should play in conflict situations and why

Trials to improve the response of Orechromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine using immunostimulants (garlic, Echinacea) and probiotics (Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM)

This work aimed to investigate the role of some immunostimulants and probiotics in improving the response of overwintered tilapia to Aeromonas hydrophila  vaccine. In this study, 15000 Nile tilapia fry (Orechromis niloticus) were collected and divided into five groups. Group 1 was the control, groups 2 to 5 were fed diet supplemented with garlic, Echinacea, Organic GreenTM and Vet-YeastTM respectively for 5 months. Vaccination with A. hydrophila bacteria was done by the end of the feeding experiment. The antibody titer of the vaccinated overwintered tilapia of all groups showed no significant changes during the same sampling time. A significant high value in the antibody titer was recognized in vaccinated overwintered tilapia at the end of 6th-8th week post-vaccination (PV) in the control group and between the 4th – 8th week PV in the immunostimulant supplemented groups (Groups 2-3), and between the 2nd – 10th week PV in probiotic supplemented groups (Groups 4 and 5). The challenge infection of the vaccinated tilapia showed the highest mortality in Group 1 while the lowest mortality was seen in Group 5. However, maximum protection after challenge was seen at 6th week PV in other treated groups. The immunostimulants and probiotics under test proved efficient in improving the immune response to vaccination which will improve the resistance of tilapia fry against infection during the winter. The overall results are promising to implement overwintering fry culture program to economically maximize and efficiently use the available aquaculture facilities throughout the year.Key words: Tilapia, overwintering, immunostimulants, probiotics, vaccines, pathogens

A comprehensive study of diagnosis faults techniques occurring in photovoltaic generators

Recently, many focuses have been done in the field of renewable energies, especially in solar photovoltaic energy. Photovoltaic generator, considered as the heart of any photovoltaic installation, exhibits sometimes malfunctions which involve degradations on the overall photovoltaic plant. Therefore, diagnosis techniques are required to ensure failures detection. They avoid dangerous risks, prevent damages, allow protection, and extend their healthy life. For these purposes, many recent studies have given focuses on this field. This paper summarizes a large number of such interesting works. It presents a survey of photovoltaic generator degradations kinds, several types of faults, and their major diagnosis techniques. Comparative studies and some critical analyses are given. Other trending diagnosis solutions are also discussed. A proposed neural networks-based technique is developed to clarify the main process of diagnosis techniques, using artificial intelligence. This method shows good results for modelling and diagnosing the healthy and faulty (shaded) photovoltaic array

Optical study of annealed cobalt-porous silicon nanocomposites

International audienceWe report Raman and photoluminescence studies of cobalt-porous silicon nanocomposites (PS/Co). Cobalt was introduced in porous silicon (PS) by immersion method using CoCl2 aqueous solution. The presence of cobalt in PS matrix was identified by FTIR spectroscopy and EDX analyses. The Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of Si bonded to cobalt oxide in PS/Co. We discuss also the Raman spectra of PS and PS/Co samples under different annealing temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 600 °C. The optical properties of PS and PS/Co were studied by photoluminescence (PL). The highest PL intensity was observed for an immersion time of 60 min. For long duration, the deposited cobalt quantity acts as energy trap and promotes the non-radiative energy transfer; it is the autoextinction phenomenon. We have studied also the effect of the annealing temperature on the PL of both PS and PS/Co samples. For PS, the annealing process leads to a rapid oxidation of the Si nanocrystallites (nc-Si). In the case of PS/Co sample, two different mechanisms are proposed; one is the desorption of Si-Hx(x=2,3) with the formation of cobalt oxide for annealing temperature less than 450 °C which causes the increasing of PL intensity and the stability of PL energy, the other mechanism is the transformation of the porous silicon to silica at high temperatures View the MathML source(≻450°C) which leads to the decreasing of the PL intensity and the blue shift of the PL curve