Fabrication Of TiOâ‚‚ Nanoflowers Powder with Various Concentration Of CTAB

Nanostructures titanium dioxide (TiOâ‚‚) such as nanoflowers and nanorods have contribute in many application. Among TiOâ‚‚ nanostructures, TiOâ‚‚ nanoflowers gives high surface area that contribute in good binding properties and reducing internal stress and increasing strength of the ceramics.This paper presents fabrication of TiOâ‚‚ nanoflowers powder to overcome the cracking problem in ceramic industry. In this study, fabricated rutile-phased TiOâ‚‚ nanoflower powder has been successfully synthesized by using hydrothermal method and the surface morphology, structural properties, and the composition of TiOâ‚‚ nanoflower powder also identified. The fabricated TiOâ‚‚ are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to observe the surface morphology of TiOâ‚‚, X-ray Dispersion (XRD) was used to determine the crystallite phase and EDX for element composition in fabricated TiOâ‚‚ powder. The synthesized TiOâ‚‚ powder was obtained from the reaction between deionized water (DI), hydrochloric acid (HCl), Titanium Butoxide (TBOT) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). The hydrothermal temperature is 150  ÌŠC with fixed hydrothermal time of 10 hours. The parameters varied is the mass of surfactant used, CTAB. The hydrothermal method is proven suitable to fabricate semiconductor materials due to its advantages that parameters are easily modified and can be performed under closed system with low operational temperature. Increased amount of CTAB used make the gap between the nanorod become closer and stronger. The diffraction peaks of all sample hardly changed, but the intensity for each sample was enhanced as the mass of CTAB used increased. The structure also become well crystallined in rutile phase structure

Diversity, distribution and conservation status of mangrove species in Pulias Bay, Indonesia

As an ecosystem, the mangrove ecosystem serves various purposes. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the community structure of the important value index; and (2) evaluate the importance of the mangrove species diversity index in Pulias Bay in Ogodeide District, Tolitoli Regency. The study was conducted in 2021 using a quantitative descriptive methodology and survey method. The number of discovered species will be used to establish the species composition. The structure of the mangrove communities is being evaluated by calculating the relative density (RD) and frequency (FR). The data is tabulated to calculate the Important Value Index (IVI) value according to the Shannon-Wiener formula. There were 18 different species of mangroves discovered, including Rhizophora apiculata, Rh. mucronata, Rh. stylosa, Bruguiera parviflora, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, S. ovata, Avicennia lanata, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Acrostichum aureum, Nypa fruticans, and Pemphis acidula. The Rhizophoraceae family predominated at each observation station, according to the findings of the vegetation analysis. Meanwhile the most rarely found species of mangrove were Acrostichum aureum, Sonneratia casiolaris, and Xylocarpus moluccensis, each with two specimens. The community structure reveals that X. moluccensis has the lowest IVI value of 12.7%, while Rhizophora mucronata has an IVI value of 101.3%. The mangrove Diversity Index (H') has a value of 2.48 and meets the standards for moderate diversity. Physical and chemical parameter measurements often indicate that the four stations or sites where the data was collected have similar conditions. Interestingly, we also found Avicennia lanata, a mangrove species that falls under the Vulnerable category. The collected information can be used to manage the mangrove forest in Pulias Bay in the Ogodeide Sub-District of the Tolitoli Regency and serve as a database for efforts to conserve mangroves and mitigate the effects of global warming

The early Neolithic of Iraqi Kurdistan: current research at Bestansur, Shahrizor Plain

Human communities made the transition from hunter-foraging to more sedentary agriculture and herding at multiple locations across Southwest Asia through the Early Neolithic period (ca. 10,000-7000 cal. BC). Societies explored strategies involving increasing management and development of plants, animals, materials, technologies, and ideologies specific to each region whilst sharing some common attributes. Current research in the Eastern Fertile Crescent is contributing new insights into the Early Neolithic transition and the critical role that this region played. The Central Zagros Archaeological Project (CZAP) is investigating this transition in Iraqi Kurdistan, including at the earliest Neolithic settlement so far excavated in the region. In this article, we focus on results from ongoing excavations at the Early Neolithic site of Bestansur on the Shahrizor Plain, Sulaimaniyah province, in order to address key themes in the Neolithic transition

Student's opinions on online educational games for learning programming introductory

Use of educational games is an approach that has potential to change the existing educational method. This is due to games popularity among younger generation as well as engagement and fun features of games compared to conventional learning method. In addition, games are among the most widespread media amongst younger generation or so-called "digital natives" apart from movie, music and internet technology. Game play activities is an important issue to be thoroughly understood due to the facts that many of them are addicted to game play activity. In contrast, conventional learning approaches are not interesting enough to the younger generation. Thus, integration of games technology into education is potentially believed to increase student interest and motivation to learn. This study developed and evaluates an online educational game for learning Programming Introductory course at a university in Malaysia. A total of 180 undergraduate students from computer and engineering background participate in the study. Findings shows that about 80% of students have positive attitude towards the games with around 84% of them find that the games is a fun way to learn, at the same time, an average of 80% agreed that the game provide them with opportunity to learn. Furthermore, about 75% of the students agreed that the game make them able to do self-assessment for Programming course. It was interesting to find that almost 85% of the student said that they will want to use educational games as their future learning approach. Despite many more evidence will be needed especially in Malaysia context, this study is important to rationalize that games can be one of the new learning approaches in the future

Orbital-selective band hybridisation at the charge density wave transition in monolayer TiTe2

Funding: We gratefully acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust and the Royal Society. W.R. is grateful to University College London for awarding a Graduate Research Scholarship and an Overseas Research Scholarship. O.J.C. and K.U. acknowledge PhD studentship support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, Grant Nos. EP/K503162/1 and EP/L015110/1). I.M. and E.A.-M. acknowledge studentship support from the International Max-Planck Research School for Chemistry and Physics of Quantum Materials. S.R.K. acknowledges the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in the Advanced Characterisation of Materials (CDT-ACM, EP/S023259/1) for funding a PhD studentship.Reducing the thickness of a material to its two dimensional (2D) limit can have dramatic consequences for its collective electronic states, including magnetism, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering. An extreme case is TiTe2, where a charge density wave (CDW) emerges in the single-layer which is absent for the bulk compound, and whose origin is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the electronic band structure evolution across this CDW transition using temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our study reveals an orbital-selective band hybridisation between the backfolded conduction and valence bands occurring at the CDW phase transition, which in turn leads to a significant electronic energy gain, underpinning the CDW transition. For the bulk compound, we show how this energy gain is almost completely suppressed due to the three-dimensionality of the electronic band structure, including via a kz-dependent band inversion which switches the orbital character of the valence states. Our study thus sheds new light on how control of the electronic dimensionality can be used to trigger the emergence of new collective states in 2D materials.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Big data and data repurposing – using existing data to answer new questions in vascular dementia research

Introduction: Traditional approaches to clinical research have, as yet, failed to provide effective treatments for vascular dementia (VaD). Novel approaches to collation and synthesis of data may allow for time and cost efficient hypothesis generating and testing. These approaches may have particular utility in helping us understand and treat a complex condition such as VaD. Methods: We present an overview of new uses for existing data to progress VaD research. The overview is the result of consultation with various stakeholders, focused literature review and learning from the group’s experience of successful approaches to data repurposing. In particular, we benefitted from the expert discussion and input of delegates at the 9th International Congress on Vascular Dementia (Ljubljana, 16-18th October 2015). Results: We agreed on key areas that could be of relevance to VaD research: systematic review of existing studies; individual patient level analyses of existing trials and cohorts and linking electronic health record data to other datasets. We illustrated each theme with a case-study of an existing project that has utilised this approach. Conclusions: There are many opportunities for the VaD research community to make better use of existing data. The volume of potentially available data is increasing and the opportunities for using these resources to progress the VaD research agenda are exciting. Of course, these approaches come with inherent limitations and biases, as bigger datasets are not necessarily better datasets and maintaining rigour and critical analysis will be key to optimising data use

British Society of Gastroenterology Best Practice Guidance: outpatient management of cirrhosis - part 3: special circumstances

\ua9 2023 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.The prevalence of cirrhosis has risen significantly over recent decades and is predicted to rise further. Widespread use of non-invasive testing means cirrhosis is increasingly diagnosed at an earlier stage. Despite this, there are significant variations in outcomes in patients with cirrhosis across the UK, and patients in areas with higher levels of deprivation are more likely to die from their liver disease. This three-part best practice guidance aims to address outpatient management of cirrhosis, in order to standardise care and to reduce the risk of progression, decompensation and mortality from liver disease. Part 1 addresses outpatient management of compensated cirrhosis: screening for hepatocellular cancer, varices and osteoporosis, vaccination and lifestyle measures. Part 2 concentrates on outpatient management of decompensated disease including management of ascites, encephalopathy, varices, nutrition as well as liver transplantation and palliative care. In this, the third part of the guidance, we focus on special circumstances encountered in managing people with cirrhosis, namely surgery, pregnancy, travel, managing bleeding risk for invasive procedures and portal vein thrombosis

Depression and anxiety symptoms post-stroke/TIA:prevalence and associations in cross-sectional data from a regional stroke registry

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders are commonly seen in those with cerebrovascular disease. Literature to-date has tended to focus on depression and on patients with stroke, with relatively little known about post-stroke anxiety or mood disorder in those with transient ischaemic attack (TIA). We aimed to describe prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in stroke and TIA cohorts and to explore association with clinical and socio-demographic factors. METHODS: We used a city wide primary care stroke registry (Glasgow Local Enhanced Service for Stroke - LES). All community dwelling stroke-survivors were included. We described cross-sectional prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data on clinical and demographic details was collected and univariable and multivariable analyses performed to describe associations with HADS scores. We examined those with a diagnosis of 'stroke' and 'TIA' as separate cohorts. RESULTS: From 13,283 potentially eligible stroke patients in the registry, we had full HADS data on 4,079. Of the 3,584 potentially eligible TIA patients, we had full HADS data on 1,247 patients. Across the stroke cohort, 1181 (29%) had HADS anxiety scores suggestive of probable or possible anxiety; 993 (24%) for depression. For TIA patients, 361 (29%) had anxiety and 254 (21%) had depression. Independent predictors of both depression and anxiety symptoms were female sex, younger age and higher socioeconomic deprivation score (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using HADS, we found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in a community-based cohort of patients with cerebrovascular disease