The Study of James Rosenau's Affiliation Theory with an Emphasis on the Role of Individual and International System Variables in the Analysis of Regionalism in the Second Pahlavi and Islamic Republic of Iran

Different theoretical approaches can be used to analyze countries' foreign policy and regionalism. The present study intends to study and compare the policy of regionalism of Iran in the second Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic based on the theoretical approach of James Rosenau, using the variables of decision-making personality, role, government, society and international system variables. Iran's regionalization policy during the Second Pahlavi period was in line with the structure of power in the international system. At the same time, Iran, in this period influenced by the structure of the bipolar system and the Cold War, also sought to gain supremacy and leadership in the region, as the most important person in foreign policy decision-making and in the personality of Mohammad Reza Shah. On this basis, we can say that the two variables of the international system and the decision-making personality were the most important variables influencing the process of foreign policy and regionalism of Iran during this period. In the Islamic Republic, with the formation of ideological elements such as the construction and nature of political power based on the velayat-e faqih and the idea of issuing a revolution, the policy of regionalism was in conflict with the structure of power in the international system and in line with ideological foundations and interests. Accordingly, the two variables of the international system and the decision-making personality were the most important variables influencing the process of foreign policy and regionalization of Iran during this period. The purpose of this paper is to use a descriptive-analytical method, a comparative study and to use the historical data to study the effect of each of these variables on the regionalization process

The Effect of Gross Domestic Product, Tehran Exchange Price Index and Political Relations on Stock Pricing in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of gross domestic product, Tehran Exchange Price Index and political relations on stock pricing in initial public offerings. For this purpose, a number of 105 company from the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the time span of 2008 - 2013 have been studied. Results obtained from research regression models fit with the use of panel data method indicate that gross domestic product does not have any significant effect on stock pricing in initial public offerings, while, Tehran Exchange Price Index  and the level of political relations have a direct and significant relationship with stock pricing in these offerings

In Vitro Effects of Four Porcelain Surface Treatment Methods on Adhesion of Lactobacilli Acidophilus

Objective: Adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) to dental porcelain surface may lead to gingival inflammation and secondary caries. Surface roughness is among the factors affecting this adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different  surface treatment methods on adhesion of L. acidophilus to dental porcelain.Methods: Sixty specimens (3x10mm) were fabricated of Noritake porcelain and divided into 4 groups (n=15) treated with one of the following four surface finishing techniques:    1. Auto-glazing;2. Over-glazing; 3. Polishing with Kenda kit and 4. No surface treatment (non-glazed specimens). Specimens were inoculated with bacterial suspension containing 1x106colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and L. acidophilus adhesion to the surfaces was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test.Results: The mean bacterial adhesion was 0.1440 (0.00429) to auto-glazed specimens, 0.0750 (0.00256) to over-glazed specimens, 0.1800 (0.00325) to polished specimens and 0.7064 (0.00408) to the non-glazed specimens. The differences in this regard among groups were statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Over-glazed specimens caused the lowest and non-glazed specimens caused the highest bacterial adhesion. The glazed surfaces caused less adhesion than the polished surface

Fracture toughness of the sidewall fluorinated carbon nanotube-epoxy interface

The effects ofﾠcarbon nanotubeﾠ(CNT)ﾠsidewall fluorination on theﾠinterfaceﾠtoughness of theﾠCNTﾠepoxyﾠinterfaceﾠhave been comprehensively investigated. Nanoscale quantitative single-CNT pull-out experiments have been conducted on individual fluorinatedﾠCNTsﾠembedded in an epoxy matrix,ﾠin situ, within aﾠscanning electron microscopeﾠ(SEM)ﾠusing an InSEMﾮﾠnanoindenter assisted micro-device. Equations that were derived using a continuum fracture mechanics model have been applied to compute theﾠinterfacialﾠfracture energy values for the system. Theﾠinterfacialﾠfracture energy values have also been independently computed by modeling the fluorinated graphene-epoxyﾠinterfaceﾠusingﾠmolecular dynamics simulationsﾠandﾠadhesionﾠmechanisms have been proposed

The Missing Men: High Risk and low use of health care in Men of Mexican Origin

Objective We sought to determine gender- and age-specific prevalence of chronic diseases in an urban Mexican American border community. Methods The Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC n=2000) was selected using a multi-staged cluster design. Sociodemographic, anthropometric measures and blood samples were collected on each participant. Results More women were obese (55.1%) than men (44.8%). Men had significantly higher rates of diabetes (20.4% for men vs 15.8% for women: p\u3c.05) and undiagnosed diabetes (6.2% for men vs 2.4% for women: p\u3c.01), the prevalence of diabetes rose steeply between the ages of 40 and 49 years. Men were significantly more likely to have serum cholesterol levels of ≥200 mg/dL and elevated LDL (22.6% versus 26.1%, p\u3c.01). Conclusions Mexican American males in the US/Mexico border region have a high prevalence of obesity in younger men and higher overall rates of diabetes, including undiagnosed diabetes, and significantly higher serum cholesterol levels.than women

Cloning and Expression of N-terminal Region of IpaD from Shigella dysenteriae in E. coli

Genus Shigella is one of the important members of the family enterobacteriacae. There are numerous antigens in Shigella carrying by a 220 kb plasmid. Among them, IpaD is the key virulence factor of S. flexneri. Apart from having effectors function that is essential for host cell invasion and intracellular survival, this protein also controls the secretion and translocation of other effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. In the present study, we have cloned and expressed the ipaD in E. coli. The ipaD gene was amplified by PCR. Prokaryote expression vector pET-28a(+)- ipaD was constructed, and used to transform E. coli BL21DE3 plySs. The expression of recombinant protein induced by IPTG was examined by SDS-PAGE. Western blot were used to determine immunoreactivity of IpaD-His by a rabbit monoclonal antibodies against his-tag. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that the constructed prokaryotic expression efficiently produced IpaD at the 1 mmol/L of IPTG. IpaD protein was able to react with the rabbit monoclonal antibody against His-tag.  IpaD is essential for Shigella spp invasion. N-terminal region is most significant functional fragment of IpaD. Purification of IpaD from the wild type of Shigella is difficult furthermore profound study on a specific domain on the N-terminal of IpaD by using the wild type of purified IpaD is not feasible.

Missed opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican American population, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, 2003-2008

Introduction Diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia are common chronic diseases among Hispanics, a group projected to comprise 30% of the US population by 2050. Mexican Americans are the largest ethnically distinct subgroup among Hispanics. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for undiagnosed and untreated diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among Mexican Americans in Cameron County, Texas. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data collected from 2003 to 2008 in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a randomly selected, community-recruited cohort of 2,000 Mexican American adults aged 18 or older, to assess prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia; to assess the extent to which these diseases had been previously diagnosed based on self-report; and to determine whether participants who self-reported having these diseases were receiving treatment. We also assessed social and economic factors associated with prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Results Approximately 70% of participants had 1 or more of the 3 chronic diseases studied. Of these, at least half had had 1 of these 3 diagnosed, and at least half of those who had had a disease diagnosed were not being treated. Having insurance coverage was positively associated with having the 3 diseases diagnosed and treated, as were higher income and education level. Conclusions Although having insurance coverage is associated with receiving treatment, important social and cultural barriers remain. Failure to provide widespread preventive medicine at the primary care level will have costly consequences

Genomewide association study of acute anterior uveitis identifies new susceptibility loci

Acknowledgments The authors thank all participating subjects with AS and healthy individuals who provided the DNA and clinical information necessary for this study. We would like to acknowledge the contributions of Anna Deminger, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, and Urban Hellman, Umeå University, for their assistance in case recruitment and assessment and handling biological samples Funding Information: The survey was conducted by NatCen and the genomewide scan data were analyzed and deposited by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Information on how to access the data can be found on the Understanding Society website https: www. understandingsociety.ac.uk/ . We acknowledge and thank the TCRA AS Group for their support in recruiting patients for the study. M.A.B. is funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Senior Principal Research Fellowship, and support for this study was received from a National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) program Grant (566938) and project Grant (569829), and from the Australian Cancer Research Foundation and Rebecca Cooper Medical Research Foundation. We are also very grateful for the invaluable support received from the National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society (UK) and Spondyloarthritis Association of America in case recruitment. Additional financial and technical support for patient recruitment was provided by the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and NIHR Thames Valley Comprehensive Local Research and an unrestricted educational grant from Abbott Laboratories. The authors acknowledge the sharing of data and samples by the BSRBR-AS Register in Aberdeen. Chief Investigator, Prof Gary Macfarlane and Dr Gareth Jones, Deputy Chief Investigator, created the BSRBR-AS study, which was commissioned by the British Society for Rheumatology, funded in part by Abbvie, Pfizer, and UCB. We are grateful to every patient, past and present staff of the BSRBR-AS register team, and to all clinical staff who recruited patients, followed them up and entered data – details here: https://www.abdn.ac.uk/iahs/research/ epidemiology/spondyloarthritis.php#panel1011. Funding was also received from the Swedish Research Council and The Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement. The Irish data was derived from participants in ASRI – The Ankylosing Spondylitis Registry of Ireland, which is funded by unrestricted grants from Abbvie and Pfizer. Funding bodies involved played no role in the study design, performance, or preparation of this manuscript. Funding Information: X.F.H. was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771390). The TASC study was funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) grants P01-052915, R01-AR046208. Funding was also received from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston CTSA grant UL1RR02418, Cedars-Sinai GCRC grant MO1-RR00425, Intramural Research Program, NIAMS/NIH, and Rebecca Cooper Foundation (Australia). This study was funded, in part, by Arthritis Research UK (Grants 19536 and 18797), by the Wellcome Trust (Grant number 076113), and by the Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre ankylosing spondylitis chronic disease cohort (Theme Code: A91202). The New Zealand data was derived from participants in the Spondyloarthritis Genetics and the Environment Study (SAGE) and was funded by The Health Research Council, New Zealand. H.X. was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 81020108029 and 30872339. French sample collection was performed by the Groupe Française d’Etude Génétique des Spondylarthrites, coordinated by Professor Maxime Breban, and funded by the Agence Nationale de Recherche GEMISA grant reference ANR-10-MIDI-0002. We acknowledge the Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study. This is led by the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc.. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A New Trend in Education: Task-based Methodology for Teachers/Learners

Abstract. Second language research and literature have provided a number of definitions for tasks depending on their underlying assumptions, including the scope and perspectives that are illustrated by linguists researching tasks or task-based teaching and learning. Although Task-Based is not a definite method that teachers must follow systematically, the adoption of Task-Based method as the teaching approach in English language education environments is based on a number of assumptions, principles and theories of second language acquisition. In fact, the adoption of Task-Based was a result of a better understanding of the nature and processes of language learning and also because of the inadequacies of other approaches, for instance, Present-Practice-Product. Task-based English Teaching (TBET) has been adopted not only because it has well-grounded assumptions but also due to the sound rationale behind its implementation within which it can satisfy both supporters of communicative approach and defenders of traditional approaches by drawing on both theory of learning in general and theory of language learning in particular. Contextualized language learning is the main principle of TBET that attracted the attention of second language learning which was coined and later developed by second language researchers and educators in reaction to other teacherdominated, form-oriented methods. This paper attempts to deal with task-based, the role it plays in language teaching in details and aims to provide some suggestions for L 2 learning