L’empathie au coeur du cinéma anthropologique de Trinh T. Minh-ha : les cas de Reassemblage et The Fourth Dimension

La médiation expérimentale qu’opère Trinh T. Minh-ha consiste à transmettre un geste cinématographique singulier qui emprunte différentes stratégies empathiques déployées lors de chacune des étapes de la production filmique. Cette recherche ambitionne de définir la notion polysémique d’empathie, puis d’aborder, sous cet angle multiple, la théorie-pratique du film, théorisée et expérimentée par la réalisatrice : Trinh T. Minh-ha vise à renouveler l’expérience du spectateur au monde et à l’altérité. Pour exemplifier notre problème, nous analyserons deux films anthropologiques réalisés par Trinh T. Minh-ha : « Reassemblage » (1982) et « The Fourth Dimension » (2001). L’anthropologie visuelle produite par Trinh T. Minh-ha s’appuie sur la qualité de « plasticité » du cinéma, telle qu’Élie Faure la définit dans son recueil « Fonction du cinéma, de la cinéplastique à son destin sociale (1921-1937) ». Cette «  cinéplastique  » sociale, par la réunion formelle de ses propriétés éthique et esthétique, rejoint notre concept de geste cinématographique vecteur d’empathie engagé par Trinh T. Minh-ha. L’article de David Macdougall «  L’anthropologie visuelle et les chemins du savoir  », publié en 2004 dans la revue scientifique « Journal des anthropologues (98-99) », nous permettra de circonscrire le cinéma anthropologie de Trinh T. Minh-ha au sein du courant postmoderne. En nous référant aussi aux textes publiés en 2008 dans la revue scientifique « Journal des anthropologues (114-115) » dirigée par Ghislaine Gallenga et intitulée « L’empathie en anthropologie », nous discuterons les approches de filmage et de montage mises en œuvre par la réalisatrice afin d’expliciter le rapport d’«  empathie esthétique  » présent lors de l’expérience spectatorielle. La théorie-pratique de Trinh T. Minh-ha semble finalement superposer à une forme postmoderne une poétique du cinéma qui envisage de nouvelles «  correspondances  » générant une résonance affective et perceptive menant à un «  sentir-avec  » polysensoriel défendu par le théoricien de la poésie Michel Collot dont nous adapterons l’idée d’un «  continuum  » entre film, réalisateur et spectateur.Trinh T. Minh-ha's experimental mediation consists in conveying a singular cinematographic gesture that borrows different empathic strategies used during each stage of film production. This research aims at defining the polysemous notion of empathy, and then, from this plural angle, to approach the practical theory of the film, theorized and experimented by the director: Trinh T. Minh-ha aims at renewing the experience of the audience to the world and to otherness. To explain our problem, we will analyze the two of the anthropological films directed by Trinh T. Minh-ha: “Reassemblage” (1982) and “The Fourth Dimension” (2001). The visual anthropology produced by Trinh T. Minh-ha is based on the quality of the “plasticity” of cinema, such as Élie Faure defines it in his book “Fonction du cinéma, de la cinéplastique à son destin sociale (1921-1937)”. This social “cinéplastique” through the formal mix of its ethical and aesthetic characteristics, meets our concept of a cinematographic gesture, vector of empathy committed by Trinh T. Minh-ha. The article “Visual anthropology and the ways of knowledge” written by David Macdougall and published in 2004 in the scientific magazine “Journal des anthropologues (98-99)” will help us to contextualize the anthropological cinema of Trinh T. Minh-ha inside the postmodern movement. We will also refer to the texts published in 2008 in the scientific magazine “Journal des anthropologues (114-115)” directed by Ghislaine Gallenga and entitled "Empathy in anthropology" to discuss the filmmaking and editing approaches of the director in order to understand the following experience of the audiences as characterized as an aesthetic empathy in relation to these films. The practical theory of Trinh T. Minh-ha seems to cross a postmodern form with a poetics of cinema and thus produces an affective and perceptive theme, a polysensory “feel-with” described by the theorist of poetry Michel Collot whose ideas of a “continuum” between film, director and spectator we’ll apply

10 Gbps TCP/IP streams from the FPGA for High Energy Physics

The DAQ system of the CMS experiment at CERN collects data from more than 600 custom detector Front-End Drivers (FEDs). During 2013 and 2014 the CMS DAQ system will undergo a major upgrade to address the obsolescence of current hardware and the requirements posed by the upgrade of the LHC accelerator and various detector components. For a loss-less data collection from the FEDs a new FPGA based card implementing the TCP/IP protocol suite over 10Gbps Ethernet has been developed. To limit the TCP hardware implementation complexity the DAQ group developed a simplified and unidirectional but RFC 793 compliant version of the TCP protocol. This allows to use a PC with the standard Linux TCP/IP stack as a receiver. We present the challenges and protocol modifications made to TCP in order to simplify its FPGA implementation. We also describe the interaction between the simplified TCP and Linux TCP/IP stack including the performance measurements.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Marie Curie International Fellowshi

First operational experience with the CMS Run Control System

The Run Control System of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN's new Large Hadron Collider (LHC) controls the sub-detector and central data acquisition systems and the high-level trigger farm of the experiment. It manages around 10,000 applications that control custom hardware or handle the event building and the high-level trigger processing. The CMS Run Control System is a distributed Java system running on a set of Apache Tomcat servlet containers. Users interact with the system through a web browser. The paper presents the architecture of the CMS Run Control System and deals with operational aspects during the first phase of operation with colliding beams. In particular it focuses on performance, stability, integration with the CMS Detector Control System, integration with LHC status information and tools to guide the shifter.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)European Community. Marie-Curie Research Network

From malnutrition to HIV: spirulina is an effective solution which continues to reveal its secrets

Spirulina presents major advantages in the fight against chronic malnutrition based on its micronutrient composition, its health potential and the fact that it can be grown locally. International solidarity associations, such as Antenna Technologies and Entrepreneurs du Monde whose goal is to reduce extreme poverty and public health problems in developing countries, have undertakenproduction and distribution programmes of spirulina, especially in West Africa. The quality of spirulina produced in these developing countries continues to increase to the extent that it can now be exported. Thus, associations such as Spirulidaire market a traditional, fair and supportive spirulina in France and Europe and thus promote local producers. The perception of spirulina continues to evolve with the multiplication of field initiatives and the accumulation of scientific data. New studies demonstrate that spirulina also presents clinically significant anti-viral and immuno-stimulating effects in people infected by HIV.Sur la base de sa composition en micronutriments, de son potentiel pour la santé et du fait qu’elle soit cultivable localement, la spiruline présente des avantages majeurs dans la lutte contre la malnutrition chronique. Des associations de solidarité internationale, comme Antenna Technologies et Entrepreneurs du Monde qui ont comme vocation de réduire l’extrême pauvreté et les problèmes de santé publique dans les pays en développement, ont entrepris des programmes de culture et de distribution de spiruline notamment en Afrique de l’Ouest. La qualité de la spiruline produite dans ces pays en développement ne cesse d’augmenter et est telle qu’elle permet son exportation. C’est ainsi que des associations comme Spirulidaire commercialisent une spiruline artisanale, équitable et solidaire en France et en Europe et permettent ainsi de soutenir les producteurs locaux. La perception de la spiruline ne cesse d’évoluer avec la multiplication des initiatives terrain, et l’accumulation de données scientifiques. De nouvelles études démontrent que la spiruline présente également des effets antiviraux et immunostimulants cliniquement significatifs chez des personnes infectées par le VIH.Sobre la base de su composición en micronutrientes, de su potencial para la salud y del hecho de que sea cultivable localmente, la espirulina presenta ventajas muy importantes en la lucha contra la malnutrición crónica. Asociaciones solidarias internacionales, como Antenna Technologies y Emprendedores del Mundo, que tienen por vocación reducir la extrema pobreza y los problemas de salud pública de los países en vías de desarrollo, han puesto en marcha programas de cultivo y distribución de espirulina, especialmente en África Occidental. La calidad de la espirulina producida en estos países en vías de desarrollo no cesa de aumentar y es tal que permite su exportación. Es por esto que asociaciones como Spirulidaire comercializan una espirulina artesanal, justa y solidaria en Francia y en Europa, permitiendo así sostener a los productores locales. La percepción de la espirulina no cesa de evolucionar con la multiplicación de iniciativas en el terreno y la acumulación de datos científicos. Los nuevos estudios realizados demuestran que la espirulina posee efectos antivirales e inmunoestimulantes clínicamente significativos en individuos infectados por el VIH

From malnutrition to HIV: spirulina is an effective solution which continues to reveal its secrets

Spirulina presents major advantages in the fight against chronic malnutrition based on its micronutrient composition, its health potential and the fact that it can be grown locally. International solidarity associations, such as Antenna Technologies and Entrepreneurs du Monde whose goal is to reduce extreme poverty and public health problems in developing countries, have undertakenproduction and distribution programmes of spirulina, especially in West Africa. The quality of spirulina produced in these developing countries continues to increase to the extent that it can now be exported. Thus, associations such as Spirulidaire market a traditional, fair and supportive spirulina in France and Europe and thus promote local producers. The perception of spirulina continues to evolve with the multiplication of field initiatives and the accumulation of scientific data. New studies demonstrate that spirulina also presents clinically significant anti-viral and immuno-stimulating effects in people infected by HIV.Sur la base de sa composition en micronutriments, de son potentiel pour la santé et du fait qu’elle soit cultivable localement, la spiruline présente des avantages majeurs dans la lutte contre la malnutrition chronique. Des associations de solidarité internationale, comme Antenna Technologies et Entrepreneurs du Monde qui ont comme vocation de réduire l’extrême pauvreté et les problèmes de santé publique dans les pays en développement, ont entrepris des programmes de culture et de distribution de spiruline notamment en Afrique de l’Ouest. La qualité de la spiruline produite dans ces pays en développement ne cesse d’augmenter et est telle qu’elle permet son exportation. C’est ainsi que des associations comme Spirulidaire commercialisent une spiruline artisanale, équitable et solidaire en France et en Europe et permettent ainsi de soutenir les producteurs locaux. La perception de la spiruline ne cesse d’évoluer avec la multiplication des initiatives terrain, et l’accumulation de données scientifiques. De nouvelles études démontrent que la spiruline présente également des effets antiviraux et immunostimulants cliniquement significatifs chez des personnes infectées par le VIH.Sobre la base de su composición en micronutrientes, de su potencial para la salud y del hecho de que sea cultivable localmente, la espirulina presenta ventajas muy importantes en la lucha contra la malnutrición crónica. Asociaciones solidarias internacionales, como Antenna Technologies y Emprendedores del Mundo, que tienen por vocación reducir la extrema pobreza y los problemas de salud pública de los países en vías de desarrollo, han puesto en marcha programas de cultivo y distribución de espirulina, especialmente en África Occidental. La calidad de la espirulina producida en estos países en vías de desarrollo no cesa de aumentar y es tal que permite su exportación. Es por esto que asociaciones como Spirulidaire comercializan una espirulina artesanal, justa y solidaria en Francia y en Europa, permitiendo así sostener a los productores locales. La percepción de la espirulina no cesa de evolucionar con la multiplicación de iniciativas en el terreno y la acumulación de datos científicos. Los nuevos estudios realizados demuestran que la espirulina posee efectos antivirales e inmunoestimulantes clínicamente significativos en individuos infectados por el VIH

The new CMS DAQ system for LHC operation after 2014 (DAQ2)

The Data Acquisition system of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN assembles events at a rate of 100 kHz, transporting event data at an aggregate throughput of 100 GByte/s. We are presenting the design of the 2nd generation DAQ system, including studies of the event builder based on advanced networking technologies such as 10 and 40 Gbit/s Ethernet and 56 Gbit/s FDR Infiniband and exploitation of multicore CPU architectures. By the time the LHC restarts after the 2013/14 shutdown, the current compute nodes, networking, and storage infrastructure will have reached the end of their lifetime. In order to handle higher LHC luminosities and event pileup, a number of sub-detectors will be upgraded, increase the number of readout channels and replace the off-detector readout electronics with a μTCA implementation. The second generation DAQ system, foreseen for 2014, will need to accommodate the readout of both existing and new off-detector electronics and provide an increased throughput capacity. Advances in storage technology could make it feasible to write the output of the event builder to (RAM or SSD) disks and implement the HLT processing entirely file based.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Marie Curie International Fellowshi

Population screening for colorectal cancer means getting FIT:the past, present, and future of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin (FIT)

Fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin (FIT) are changing the manner in which colorectal cancer (CRC) is screened. Although these tests are being performed worldwide, why is this test different from its predecessors? What evidence supports its adoption? How can this evidence best be used? This review addresses these questions and provides an understanding of FIT theory and practices to expedite international efforts to implement the use of FIT in CRC screening

An analysis of the control hierarchy modeling of the CMS detector control system

The supervisory level of the Detector Control System (DCS) of the CMS experiment is implemented using Finite State Machines (FSM), which model the behaviours and control the operations of all the sub-detectors and support services. The FSM tree of the whole CMS experiment consists of more than 30.000 nodes. An analysis of a system of such size is a complex task but is a crucial step towards the improvement of the overall performance of the FSM system. This paper presents the analysis of the CMS FSM system using the micro Common Representation Language 2 (mcrl2) methodology. Individual mCRL2 models are obtained for the FSM systems of the CMS sub-detectors using the ASF+SDF automated translation tool. Different mCRL2 operations are applied to the mCRL2 models. A mCRL2 simulation tool is used to closer examine the system. Visualization of a system based on the exploration of its state space is enabled with a mCRL2 tool. Requirements such as command and state propagation are expressed using modal mu-calculus and checked using a model checking algorithm. For checking local requirements such as endless loop freedom, the Bounded Model Checking technique is applied. This paper discusses these analysis techniques and presents the results of their application on the CMS FSM system

Evaluation of serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 for the early detection of colorectal cancer using longitudinal preclinical samples

Blood-borne biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) could markedly increase screening uptake. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1 and CA125 for the early detection of CRC in an asymptomatic cohort