Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Properti Pembangunan Ruko dengan Sistem Bangun Bagi (Studi Kasus Lahan di Jalan Danau Sentarum Kota Pontianak)

Dalam suatu perencanan proyek, studi kelayakan finansial sangat dibutuhkan sebelum pelaksanaannyaan. Hal tersebut sangat berpengaruh pada proyek investasi, karena setiap proyek investasi yang akan dilakukan tidak selalu dalam keadaan yang menguntungkan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu studi kelayakan finansial terhadap proyek investasi pembangunan Ruko dengan sistem bangun bagi di jalan Danau Sentarum kota Pontianak.Analisa Studi kelayakan finansial terhadap proyek tersebut dilakukan dengan 3 (tiga) tahap perhitungan yaitu perhitungan cash out (pengeluaran), perhitungan cash in (pendapatan) dan terakhir adalah perhitungan studi kelayakan atau kriteria seleksi.Perhitungan cash out dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data-data harga tanah, konstruksi, perizinan, fasilitas tambahan, operasional serta pajak. Perhitungan biaya konstruksi berupa RAB konstruksi yang perhitungannya dilakukan dengan analisa BOW. Analisa BOW untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pekerjaan sipil. Perhitungan biaya perizinan, fasilitas tambahan, operasional dan pajak untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya-biaya lain yang dikeluarkan sebagai modal investasi diluar modal dasar . Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan cash out maka dilakukan perhitungan cash in dengan mengumpulkan data harga jual ruko disekitar lokasi proyek yang memiliki kemiripan tata letak atau lokasi. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan sebagai acuan dalam penentuan asumsi harga jual ruko yang direncanakan untuk menghitung jumlah pendapatan (cash in).Setelah dilakukan perhitungan cash in, selanjutnya dilakukan analisa kriteria seleksi kelayakan finansial dengan 3 (dua) metode yaitu metode Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) dan metode Internal Rate Of Return (IRR). Kriteria seleksi dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial yang terjadi pada proyek tersebut. Dalam analisa ini dilakukan beberapa simulasi atau altenatif pola bagi. Perhitungan terhadap beberapa alternatif ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh pola bagi yang seimbang atau saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak yaitu pihak pemilik lahan dan pihak investor

Older Teen Attitudes Towards Birth Control Access in Pharmacies: A Qualitative Study

Objectives To examine adolescent attitudes toward accessing contraception through a new pharmacist prescribing model in the State of California. Study design In-depth telephone interviews were conducted in summer 2015 with 30 females ages 18 to 19 in California. Participants were recruited using a social media advertisement. Semi-structured interviews utilized open-ended questions to understand teens' experiences with pharmacies, experiences obtaining contraception, and views on pharmacist prescribing of contraception. Responses were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using an independent-coder method to identify salient themes. Results Participants were ethnically diverse and primarily living in suburban areas. All participants had completed high school and many had completed one year of college. Nearly all participants were supportive of California's new law allowing pharmacist prescribing of contraception. Thematic analyses revealed that while participants were satisfied with traditional service providers and valued those relationships, they appreciated the benefit of increased access and convenience of going directly to a pharmacy. Participants expected increased access to contraception in pharmacies would lead to both personal and societal benefits. They expressed concerns regarding parental involvement, as well as confidentiality in the pharmacy environment and with insurance disclosures. Conclusion Older teens in California are very supportive of pharmacies and pharmacists as direct access points for contraception, but confidentiality concerns were noted. Policy makers and pharmacies can incorporate study findings when designing policies, services, and physical pharmacy spaces to better serve teens. Further research is warranted after pharmacies implement this new service to assess teen utilization and satisfaction as well as outcomes. Implication statement Several states recently passed legislation enabling pharmacists to prescribe contraception and other states are considering similar legislation. Older teens are interested in this additional method of contraceptive access and understanding their perspectives can help guide implementation by states and in individual pharmacies

Pharmacist Outlooks on Prescribing Hormonal Contraception Following Statewide Scope of Practice Expansion

In an effort to increase access to contraception, the pharmacist scope of practice is being expanded to allow prescribing. While this is being accomplished in the United States by a variety of models, legislation that allows pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraception under a statewide protocol is the most common. This study was designed to explore the outlooks of pharmacists regarding prescribing contraception in the period following the first state legislation and prior to statewide protocol development and availability. A qualitative study of community pharmacists in California using structured phone interviews explored their opinions regarding access to contraception in pharmacies and outlooks regarding prescribing. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach to identify themes. Among the thirty participants, the majority worked in a chain pharmacy. Themes were identified in five overarching domains: Pharmacist barriers, system barriers, patient issues, safety concerns, and pharmacist role. Most were unfamiliar with the new law, yet were interested in expanding access for patient benefit despite foreseeing challenges with implementing the service in community pharmacies. Barriers will need to be addressed and requisite training disseminated widely to facilitate successful implementation and thus improve access on a broad scale. Further research following protocol implementation is needed to understand service implementation, as well as patient utilization and satisfaction

Modeling and Optimization of Phosphate Recovery from Industrial Wastewater and Precipitation of Solid Fertilizer using Experimental Design Methodology

In this work, the experimental design methodology is applied to optimize phosphate salts precipitation as struvite and others applied in soil fertilization from treated industrial wastewater stream. This is a process to maximize phosphate recovery percentage from inlet wastewater stream containing interfering foreign ions. Therefore, these optimized conditions could be used as input data for engineering design-software for successive equipment required in wastewater treatment plant. A four factors Box–Behnken experimental design was used to model and optimize the operating parameters. The optimum operating conditions were quite efficient in trapping 86.10 % recovered phosphates in industrial stream, and 92.6 % in synthetic solution at pH of 10.89, time of reaction of 34.76 min, temperature of 25.23 °C and R of 2.25 with an insignificance effect for molar ratio (R) between Mg and PO4 ions. If these optimal parameters were shifted, the reached recovery percentage would decrease with the precipitated struvite. The precipitated salts were subjected to characterization through different chemical techniques confirming the presence of struvite with schertelite as a mixed slow release fertilizer

High velocity impact response of Kevlar-29/epoxy and 6061-T6 aluminum laminated panels

The high velocity impact response of composite laminated plates has been experimentally investigated using a nitrogen gas gun. Tests were undertaken on sandwich structures based on Kevlar-29 fiber/epoxy resin with different stacking sequence of 6061-T6 Al plates. Impact testing was conducted using cylindrical shape of 7.62 mm diameter steel projectile at a range of velocities (180–400 m/s) were investigated to achieve complete perforation of the target. The numerical parametric study of ballistic impact caused by same conditions in experimental work is undertaken to predict the ballistic limit velocity, energy absorbed by the target and comparison between simulation by using ANSYS Autodyn 3D v.12 software and experimental work and study the effects of shape of the projectile with different (4, 8 and 12 mm) thicknesses on ballistic limit velocity. The sequence of Al plate position (front, middle and back) inside laminate plates of composite specimen was also studied. The Al back stacking sequence plate for overall results obtained was the optimum structure to resist the impact loading. The results obtained hereby are in good agreement with the experimental (maximum error of 3.64%) data where it has been shown that these novel sandwich structures exhibit excellent energy absorbing characteristics under high velocity impact loading conditions. Hence it is considered suitable for applications of armor system

Occupational Stress and Coping Behaviours Among Dentists in Kerman, Iran

Objectives: Recognising causes of stress can help prevent associated adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate causes of occupational stress and coping behaviours among general dentists in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to December 2014. A modified version of the Occupational Stress Indicator questionnaire was used to assess causes of stress and coping behaviours among 142 general dentists in Kerman, Iran. Results: A total of 93 dentists participated in the study (response rate: 65.5%). Of these, 58.9% reported often being stressed. The mean general stress score was 63.33 ± 19.99. The most common causes of stress were maintaining high levels of concentration while working (65.6%), time pressures (64.5%), concern over their ability to deliver dental services in future (60.2%) and rising costs (59.1%). No significant relationships between stress and gender, age, workplace or working hours per week were noted (P >0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between general stress scores and years of job experience (P = 0.05) and number of patients treated daily (P = 0.03). The most common methods for coping with stress were resting (71.0%), sports (45.2%) and entertainment (43.0%). Most dentists felt that stress management courses could help to reduce stress (89.7%). Conclusion: General dentists in Kerman were subject to many sources of stress in their workplaces, with significant relationships between stress scores and years of work experience and number of patients treated daily. Dentists should be encouraged to participate in stress management courses to help alleviate stress

Access to Emergency Contraception After Removal of Age Restrictions

BACKGROUND: Levonorgestrel emergency contraception (EC) is safe and effective for postcoital pregnancy prevention. Starting in 2013, the US Food and Drug Administration removed age restrictions, enabling EC to be sold over the counter to all consumers. We sought to compare the availability and access for female adolescents with the 2012 study, using the same study design. METHODS: Female mystery callers posing as 17-year-old adolescents in need of EC used standardized scripts to telephone 979 pharmacies in 5 US cities. Using 2015 estimated census data and the federal poverty level, we characterized income levels of pharmacy neighborhoods. RESULTS: Of 979 pharmacies, 827 (83%) indicated that EC was available. This proportion did not vary by pharmacy neighborhood income level, nor was significantly different from the 2012 study (P = .78). When examining access, 8.3% of the pharmacies reported it was impossible to obtain EC under any circumstances, which occurred more often in low-income neighborhoods (10.3% vs 6.3%, adjusted odds ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.20-1.94). This was not significantly different from 2012 (P = .66). Correct information regarding over-the-counter access was conveyed only 51.6% of the time; accuracy did not differ by pharmacy's neighborhood income (47.9% vs 55.3%, adjusted odds ratio 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.11) and was not significantly different from 2012 (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of pharmacies have EC available; however, barriers to and disparities in access for adolescents persist and have not changed since the previous study despite regulatory changes that were designed to improve access to EC

The bonded macro fiber composite (MFC) and woven kenaf effect analyses on the micro energy harvester performance of kenaf plate using modal testing and Taguchi method

The demand on wind energy application will continue to increase as fossil fuel prices keep increasing and the reservoir keeps decreasing. In wind energy, wind turbine application should be properly selected. The material selection for turbine blade fabrication is highlighted as well in recent research. For green material application, the usage of natural fiber reinforced composite, especially kenaf fiber, in the fabrication of wind turbines needs to be given due attention. Woven and unwoven kenaf fiber is employed to fabricate composite plates which replicate the simple turbine blade model. At the same time, Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) is attached to the kenaf plates for micro energy harvester purposes. There are two methods to attach the MFC used in this study which are surface bonded and embedding into the plate. In order to investigate the effects of bonding MFC technique, modal Testing analysis and Taguchi method is employed. It is found out that the damping percentage of both woven and unwoven kenaf plates increase at 100 % and 50 % respectively when bonded with MFC on their surfaces. Bonded technique is suggested as the most influenced factor in micro energy harvesting at the vibration range of 20 to 60 Hz. It summarized that, the kenaf woven type, the distance from structure neutral axis, the stiffness of structure, the excitation vibration and the neutral frequency of a structure are highlighted as the factors influencing the performance of micro energy harvester as well

The bonded macro fiber composite (MFC) and woven kenaf effect analyses on the micro energy harvester performance of kenaf plate using modal testing and Taguchi method

The demand on wind energy application will continue to increase as fossil fuel prices keep increasing and the reservoir keeps decreasing. In wind energy, wind turbine application should be properly selected. The material selection for turbine blade fabrication is highlighted as well in recent research. For green material application, the usage of natural fiber reinforced composite, especially kenaf fiber, in the fabrication of wind turbines needs to be given due attention. Woven and unwoven kenaf fiber is employed to fabricate composite plates which replicate the simple turbine blade model. At the same time, Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) is attached to the kenaf plates for micro energy harvester purposes. There are two methods to attach the MFC used in this study which are surface bonded and embedding into the plate. In order to investigate the effects of bonding MFC technique, modal Testing analysis and Taguchi method is employed. It is found out that the damping percentage of both woven and unwoven kenaf plates increase at 100 % and 50 % respectively when bonded with MFC on their surfaces. Bonded technique is suggested as the most influenced factor in micro energy harvesting at the vibration range of 20 to 60 Hz. It summarized that, the kenaf woven type, the distance from structure neutral axis, the stiffness of structure, the excitation vibration and the neutral frequency of a structure are highlighted as the factors influencing the performance of micro energy harvester as well