18 research outputs found
Assessing the Feasibility of Global Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios
This study explores the critical notion of how feasible it is to achieve long-term mitigation goals to limit global temperature change. It uses a model inter-comparison of three integrated assessment models (TIAM-Grantham, MESSAGE-GLOBIOM and WITCH) harmonized for socio-economic growth drivers using one of the new shared socio-economic pathways (SSP2), to analyse multiple mitigation scenarios aimed at different temperature changes in 2100, in order to assess the model outputs against a range of indicators developed so as to systematically compare the feasibility across scenarios. These indicators include mitigation costs and carbon prices, rates of emissions reductions and energy efficiency improvements, rates of deployment of key low-carbon technologies, reliance on negative emissions, and stranding of power generation assets. The results highlight how much more challenging the 2 °C goal is, when compared to the 2.5–4 °C goals, across virtually all measures of feasibility. Any delay in mitigation or limitation in technology options also renders the 2 °C goal much less feasible across the economic and technical dimensions explored. Finally, a sensitivity analysis indicates that aiming for less than 2 °C is even less plausible, with significantly higher mitigation costs and faster carbon price increases, significantly faster decarbonization and zero-carbon technology deployment rates, earlier occurrence of very significant carbon capture and earlier onset of global net negative emissions. Such a systematic analysis allows a more in-depth consideration of what realistic level of long-term temperature changes can be achieved and what adaptation strategies are therefore required
Air quality and health implications of 1.5–2°C climate pathways under considerations of ageing population: A multi-model scenario analysis
Low-carbon pathways consistent with the 2°C and 1.5°C long-term climate goals defined in the Paris Agreement are likely to induce substantial co-benefits for air pollution and associated health impacts. In this analysis, using five global integrated assessment models, we quantify the emission reductions in key air pollutants resulting from the decarbonization of energy systems and the resulting changes in premature mortality attributed to the exposure to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter. The emission reductions differ by sectors. Sulfur emissions are mainly reduced from power plants and industry, cuts in nitrogen oxides are dominated by the transport sector, and the largest abatement of primary fine particles is achieved in the residential sector. The analysis also shows that health benefits are the largest when policies addressing climate change mitigation and stringent air pollution controls are coordinated. We decompose the key factors that determine the extent of health co-benefits, focusing on Asia: changes in emissions, urbanization rates, population growth and ageing. Demographic processes, particularly due to ageing population, counteract in many regions the mortality reductions realized through lower emissions
XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách
Title in English: 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences: Conference proceedings The conference proceedings consists of papers presented at the 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences that was organized by Department of Regional Economics and Administration FEA MU. It contains 57 articles arranged by topic. The individual articles deal with e.g. socioeconomic disparities among regions, regional policy, territory attractiveness, tourism, or regional public administration
Rozvoj miest a jeho financovanie
The importance of cities in the economic system of the country is
unquestionable. They group and attract a large number of economic actors and allow
them to realize intense economic interactions between them. To offer long-term benefits
for inhabitants and entrepreneurs and remain attractive for them, cities need to develop
continuously. Ensuring the development of the city means to create and acquire
resources to increase its capacity and use of the available potential. This article deals
with the financial capacity of Slovak cities, which reflects their ability to ensure their
development. The financial capacity of Slovak cities was investigated in time period
2009 – 2014. Investigated were all 138 Slovak cities and they were divided into three
size groups: small cities with population up to 20 000 inhabitants, medium-sized cities
with population between 20 001 and 50 000 inhabitants and large cities over 50 001
inhabitants. The evaluation of financial capacity was realized on six indicators: current
account balance, capital account balance, total debt, debt service, immediate liquidity
and net worth. The comparison of the calculated values of each group showed that the
highest amount of resources allocate to their development the group of largest cities.
On the other hand, that group has also the highest debt
De-branching, too-much-branching, and cost of debt of SMEs in Slovakia
We investigate nonlinear effects of bank branch saturation on SMEs' cost of debt at regional level in Slovakia over the period 2013-2019. We adopt the two-step approach by first constructing model of bank branch localization, and then analyzing effects of positive and negative deviations from the equilibrium level. We observe negative effect of debranching, but report no effect of positive increase in deviations from equilibrium level on SMEs' cost of debt. The most affected firms are middle-sized, domestically owned, operating in low-tech industries, and with better creditworthiness. Bank market characteristics also tend to matter for pricing of firm's debt.Web of Scienc
Ľudský kapitál a lokálny ekonomický rast na Slovensku
Modern growth theories consider human capital as an important factor of
economic growth. Cities play an important role in the production and concentration of
human capital play. On their territories are located educational institutions such as
universities or colleges that provide opportunities for economic actors to increase their
education. They also create a space for the emergence and rapid spread of spill overs
that spread inside and also outside of their territories. This article aims to examine the
role of human capital in local economic growth in Slovak Republic. All 79 Slovak
districts were examined and the observed time period was between the years of 2001
and 2015. For discovering the influence of the factor of human capital on the local
economic growth a regression analysis was used. The main result is that the selected
factor of human capital (represented by the growth index of inhabitants with tertiary
education) had a positive and statistically significant influence on the economic growth
of Slovakia’s districts (represented by the growth index of wages)
Growth of City Regions and Bank Branch Localization
Current research in regional science focuses on the relationships between production factors and their impact on the overall product of cities, as well as topics dealing with the contribution of different city sizes to the economic growth. However, the ongoing process of international financialization tightly linked to access to finance gains on importance as the financial sector serves as a conduit for capital transformation in space. This article examines the economic growth of Slovak city regions and estimates the effect of access to finance measured by bank branches availability in these regions, once controlling for the standard impact of production factors. We construct non-overlapping three 5-years periods panel for more than 60 Slovak urban regions and combine it with data on bank branches localization on the county level and for major domestic commercial banks. The standard Cobb-Douglas production function is utilized with regional output calculated for firms with more than 20 employees and measures of physical and quantity and quality of human capital as conditioning variables. The characteristics of individual banks with bank branches located inside the city regions are included in order to investigate quality effect of financialization process. In order to control for time-invariant region-specific effect we use fixed effect panel model. Potential endogeneity issue between regional productivity and bank branch localization is addressed by the use of IV-2SLS estimator
Changes in knowledge strategies under the COVID-19 pandemic A tale of European coworking spaces
the present chapter addresses a research gap by exploring
whether and how the collaborative communities represented by CSs tried
to maintain viable knowledge strategies even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This goal is achieved through an analysis of selected European CSs
practicing knowledge sharing and R&D activities. The methodology consists
of semi-structured interviews with CSs managers in two time periods: 2017
and 2021. In sum, the rationale of the research is to frst stress the diferences and
similarities in knowledge strategies that CS managers have developed and
implemented regularly during the pandemic. The second objective is to
show how the managers have reinvented practices to keep collaborative communities
and knowledge transfer viable in the (post-) COVID-19 world.
We recognize that these strategies may be unique based on the size and
structure of CSs, following their intrinsic fexibility and knowledge-intensive
interactions
Air quality and health implications of 1.5 °c-2 °c climate pathways under considerations of ageing population
Low-carbon pathways consistent with the 2 °C and 1.5 °C long-term climate goals defined in the Paris Agreement are likely to induce substantial co-benefits for air pollution and associated health impacts. In this analysis, using five global integrated assessment models, we quantify the emission reductions in key air pollutants resulting from the decarbonization of energy systems and the resulting changes in premature mortality attributed to the exposure to ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter. The emission reductions differ by sectors. Sulfur emissions are mainly reduced from power plants and industry, cuts in nitrogen oxides are dominated by the transport sector, and the largest abatement of primary fine particles is achieved in the residential sector. The analysis also shows that health benefits are the largest when policies addressing climate change mitigation and stringent air pollution controls are coordinated. We decompose the key factors that determine the extent of health co-benefits, focusing on Asia: changes in emissions, urbanization rates, population growth and ageing. Demographic processes, particularly due to ageing population, counteract in many regions the mortality reductions realized through lower emissions