Nonsmooth multiobjective fractional programming with generalized convexity

En el artículo estudiamos una clase de problemas fraccionales multiobjetivos no convexos y no diferenciables. Usamos la transformación propuesta por Dinkelbach [2] y Jagannathan [4] y obtenemos condiciones de optimalidad para soluciones débilmente eficientes de dichos problemas. Además, definimos un problema dual y establecemos algunos resultados sobre dualidad. Para lograrlo, utilizamos una noción de convexidad generalizada llamada KT-invexidad. El artículo generaliza los resultados obtenidos por Osuna-Gómez et al. en [6], en donde los autores consideran problemasIn this paper we study a class of nonconvex and nondifferentiable multiobjective fractional problems. We use the transformation proposed by Dinkelbach [2] and Jagannathan [4] and we obtain optimality conditions for weakly efficient solutions for these problems. Furthermore, we define a dual problem and we establish some results on duality. To obtain our results, we use a notion of generalized convexity, called KT-invexity. Our paper generalizes the results given by Osuna-Gómez et al. in [6], where the authors considered smooth problems.    &nbsp

Lentil-based snack: development and nutritious properties

Legume grains provide not only a unique nutrient profile essential for good human health, such as protein, fiber, carbohydrates, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds, but they also provide excellent environmental benefits. Besides, they adapt to contemporary food patterns, like flexitarian, vegetarian, vegan, and gluten-free. However, legume consumption continues to be less than desired, opening new opportunities for different intake alternatives. Furthermore, due to agriculture growth and unbalanced animal consumption the food industry aims to increase and diversify alternative protein formulations. Amongst the legumes, lentils have a fast-cooking time, high arginine, antioxidant flavonoids, and a low glycemic index which helps avoid peaks in blood glucose, improving metabolic control, and recent epidemiological studies suggest that they may help combat cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, both with high prevalence worldwide. Based on this knowledge, we developed a muffin in which commercial oatmeal was partially substituted with lentil flour. The nutritional value of the snack was evaluated, and it was also performed microbiological analyses. The lentil-based muffin had higher protein and fiber and lower carbohydrate content compared to the oatmeal-based muffin. The aim of these muffins is that they are suitable for all consumers, including diabetics. This project seeks to be a central element in the promotion of one of the oldest grain legumes, contributing to an increase in its consumption and consequent commercial valorization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lentil (lens culinaris L.) intraspecific nutritional variability and development of a lentil-based snack

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of a healthy lentil-based food product

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Environmental impact monitoring of a minero-chemical complex in Catalão urban area of PTS, PM10 and PM2.5 by EDX characterization

Depending on its nature, particulate matter has very different size, composition and morphology. By the combination of these criteria it is possible to distinguish the emitting sources (primary or secondary). The shape and the dimension of the particles have also a direct interaction with the risk assessment for human health. The minero-chemical complex consists of phosphate fertilizer manufacturing, rock phosphate and niobium mining open pits and it is located northeast of the urban area of the city. Environmental issues associated with it include the following: fugitive emissions which are primarily associated with operational leaks from tubing, valves, connections, flanges, packings, open ended lines, floating roof storage tank and pump seals, gas conveyance systems, compressor seals, pressure relief valves, tanks or open its/containments, and loading and unloading operations of products. Furthermore the area of study is characterized by a predominantly northeast winds direction. The monitoring was performed weekly particulates samples were collected in two seasonal episodes at one representative places in the urban area of Catalao (a Brazilian city located in Goias state) in the period from August to November of 2014. Suspended particles were sampled on pure fiberglass filters by using a High Volume air sampler and were analyzed via an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (EDX). The airborne particulate matter was characterized from a physico-chemical point of view to supply information on the particle composition and the compounds carried on their surfaces. The microanalysis enables identification of several groups of particles such as: soot, Si-rich, metal-rich and biological particules. These results may help in controlling and preventing fugitive emissions in atmospheric air.Depending on its nature, particulate matter has very different size, composition and morphology. By the combination of these criteria it is possible to distinguish the emitting sources (primary or secondary). The shape and the dimension of the particles h4319091914CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSsem informaçãosem informaçãoFinancial support and scholarships from the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, FAPEG and Environment Office City of Catalão, City Council Environmental Protection of Catalão and Public Ministry of Goiás State are gratefully acknowledged

Update on the Role of Cannabinoid Receptors after Ischemic Stroke

Cannabinoids are considered as key mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In particular, they have been shown to reduce the ischemic injury after acute cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These protective and anti-inflammatory properties on peripheral tissues and circulating inflammatory have been demonstrated to involve their binding with both selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) transmembrane receptors. On the other hands, the recent discoveries of novel different classes of cannabinoids and receptors have increased the complexity of this system in atherosclerosis. Although only preliminary data have been reported on the activities of novel cannabinoid receptors, several studies have already investigated the role of CB1 and CB2 receptors in ischemic stroke. While CB1 receptor activation has been shown to directly reduce atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, controversial data have been shown on neurotransmission and neuroprotection after stroke. Given its potent anti-inflammatory activities on circulating leukocytes, the CB2 activation has been proven to produce protective effects against acute poststroke inflammation. In this paper, we will update evidence on different cannabinoid-triggered avenues to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke

DT-TTF Salts with [Cu(dcdmp)2]−: The Richness of Different Stoichiometries

(DT-TTF)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] (1), (DT-TTF)(2)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] (2), and (DT-TTF)(3)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)](2) (3) are three new charge transfer salts obtained by electrocrystallization of the donor DT-TTF (dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene) with the diamagnetic copper complex [Cu(dcdmp)(2)](-) (dcdmp = 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dimercaptopyrazine). Compounds 1 and 3 crystallize in the triclinic system and consist of out-of-registry layers of mixed stacks of donor and acceptor molecules. (DT-TTF)(2)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] presents a structure similar to the parent spin-ladder systems with donor stacks arranged in pairs; however, a magnetic spin-ladder behavior is not observed probably due to strong interactions between pairs. Compound 3, despite the mixed nature of the stacks, displays relatively high conductivity (7 S/cm) due to a one-dimensional network of interactions between donors.This work was supported by FCT (Portugal) through contracts PTDC/QEQ-SUP/1413/2012 and UID/Multi/04349/2013 and by DGI, Spain (CTQ2013-40480), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR0017), the CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), promoted by ISCIII, Spain. R. A. L. S. is thankful to FCT for the PhD grant SFRH/BD/86131/2012.Peer reviewe

Motivation for Brazilian Older Adult Women to Join a Community Physical Activity Program Before COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors can affect the levels of adherence of physical activity (PA) during the aging process. Objectives: Investigate the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects and motivation that led older women to enroll in and adhere to a community PA program before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were collected via transversal survey before the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 21 women, participants of a PA workshop, aged between 60 to 86 years [< 1-year (n = 8) and ≥ 1-year (n = 13) groups]. Motivation was assessed by the Motivation Inventory for Regular Physical Activity Practice (IMPRAF-54), using the 60th percentile to categorize high and low motivation, and two open questions. For qualitative assessment, content analysis was used and the answers were framed into subcategories regarding the motivation factors for adherence and permanence. Results: That adherence to the program was motivated by sociability purposes [total score: 36.0 (6.0), median (interquartile range)] and pleasure [34.0; (6.0)], while the main motivation for permanence was health [40.0 (11.0)]. Differences were noticed between the groups for sociability [38.0 (3.0) P = 0.030] and competitiveness [9.50 (12.0); P = 0.037] highest medians for the < 1 year group. Furthermore, the factors that least motivated older women were competitiveness and aesthetics. Conclusions: Health and sociability were the main motivators for the practice of physical activity among older adult women. Motivation played a fundamental role in the permanence of older adult women in the physical activity program

Comparison of glycemic and lipid profiles indicators among obese children and adolescents treated at public or private services from the city of Ribeirão Preto (SP)

Design: Observational cross-sectional. Objectives: To compare the lipid and glycemic profiles of obese children and adolescents, followed at a public or a private health service. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 113 obese patients, aged 7 to 18 years, conducted at two clinics, one public (n = 51) and the other private ( n = 62). Anthropometric data and blood samples were collected and glucose, insulin, HOMA and lipid profile have been compared between groups. Results: regarding averages, it was observed differences only for HDL, with lower values for public service. The prevalence of indicators outside the normal range, has always been above 45%, with the exception of hyperglycemia witch was rare. Only the prevalence of individuals with low HDL was different between groups, being lower at the private service. Conclusions: there was almost no hyperglycemia, but the prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were high in both services. HDL was the only indicator that showed differences between the two groups and, considering that it is the most sensitive to the quality of nutrition and physical activity, it may be suggested that at the public health and on the individual management, these aspects should be better managed in lower income populationsModelo: Observacional transversal. Objetivo: comparar os perfis lipídico e glicêmico de crianças e adolescentes obesos atendidos em serviços de saúde público e privado. Metodologia: estudo transversal, envolvendo 113 indivíduos obesos com idades entre 7 e 18 anos, conduzido em dois ambulatórios, um público (n=51) e outro privado (n=62). Foram colhidos dados antropométricos e amostras de sangue, tendo-se comparado, entre os grupos, glicemia, insulinemia, HOMA e lipidograma. Resultados: em relação às médias, apenas para o HDL houve diferença, sendo os valores inferiores para o serviço público. Quanto à prevalência de indicadores fora da faixa de normalidade, esteve sempre acima de 45%, com exceção da hiperglicemia que se mostrou rara. Apenas a prevalência de indivíduos com HDL baixo foi diferente entre os grupos, sendo inferior para o serviço privado. Conclusões: Não se observou hiperglicemia, mas as prevalências de dislipidemia e resistência insulínica foram elevadas em ambos os serviços. O HDL foi o único indicador que se mostrou diferente entre os dois grupos e, considerando-se que ele é o mais sensível à qualidade da alimentação e à atividades física, pode-se sugerir que, tanto do ponto de vista de saúde pública como individual, esses aspectos devam ser melhor cuidados nas populações de menor rend

Isolation of Chitinolytic Bacteria from European Sea Bass Gut Microbiota Fed Diets with Distinct Insect Meals

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The ever-growing human population is increasingly demanding more fish. As a response, aquaculture has become the fastest growing industry in its sector. Alternatives to fish meal, an unsustainable commodity used as the main protein source for carnivorous species, are urgently needed in aquafeeds. Recently, in Europe, seven insect species have been approved as potential ingredients for animal feeds, including fish feed. However, chitin, one of the components of an insect’s exoskeleton, is indigestible for several economically valuable fish species, decreasing fish performance upon inclusion. This work aimed to isolate, from the European sea bass gastrointestinal tract, probiotic bacteria capable of producing chitinases to improve the use of diets containing high levels of insect meal. Based on the enhanced adaptability of gut microbial communities and the selective pressure of chitin-enriched diets on fish gut microbiota, bacteria were first isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of European sea bass fed chitin-enriched diets. Isolates were then comprehensively screened in vitro for important traits such as their ability to utilize chitin, gut-survival aptitude, and biosafety-related issues required to be considered eligible as probiotics by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). ABSTRACT: Insect meal (IM), recently authorized for use in aquafeeds, positions itself as a promising commodity for aquafeed inclusion. However, insects are also rich in chitin, a structural polysaccharide present in the exoskeleton, which is not digested by fish, resulting in lower fish performance. Through the application of a dietary pressure, this study aimed to modulate European sea bass gut microbiota towards the enrichment of chitinolytic bacteria to allow the isolation of novel probiotics capable of improving the use of IM-containing diets, overcoming chitin drawbacks. Five isoproteic (44%) and isolipidic (18%) diets were used: a fish meal (FM)-based diet (diet CTR), a chitin-supplemented diet (diet CHIT5), and three diets with either 25% of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor larvae meals (HM25 and TM25, respectively) or H. illucens exuviae meal (diet HEM25) as partial FM substitutes. After an 8-week feeding trial, the results showed a clear modulatory effect towards spore-forming bacteria by HM25 and HEM25 diets, with the latter being responsible for the majority of the chitinolytic fish isolates (FIs) obtained. Sequential evaluation of the FI hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance, total chitinolytic activity, sporulation, and survival in gastrointestinal-like conditions identified FI645 and FI658 as the most promising chitinolytic probiotics for in vivo application