3,242 research outputs found
Solid-solid phase transition in hard ellipsoids
We present a computer simulation study of the crystalline phases of hard
ellipsoids of revolution. A previous study [Phys. Rev. E, \textbf{75}, 020402
(2007)] showed that for aspect ratios the previously suggested
stretched-fcc phase [Mol. Phys., \textbf{55}, 1171 (1985)] is unstable with
respect to a simple monoclinic phase with two ellipsoids of different
orientations per unit cell (SM2). In order to study the stability of these
crystalline phases at different aspect ratios and as a function of density we
have calculated their free energies by thermodynamic integration. The
integration path was sampled by an expanded ensemble method in which the
weights were adjusted by the Wang-Landau algorithm.
We show that for aspect ratios the SM2 structure is more stable
than the stretched-fcc structure for all densities above solid-nematic
coexistence. Between and our calculations reveal a
solid-solid phase transition
The statistics of the trajectory in a certain billiard in a flat two-torus
We consider a billiard in the punctured torus obtained by removing a small
disk from the two-dimensional flat torus, with trajectory starting from the
center of the puncture. In this case the phase space is given by the range of
the velocity only. We prove that the probability measures on
associated with the first exit time are weakly convergent when the size of the
puncture tends to zero and explicitly compute the density of the limit.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure
Assessing the material loss of the modular taper interface in retrieved metal on metal hip replacements
Measuring the amount of material loss in the case of revised hip replacements is considered to be a prerequisite of understanding and assessing the true in vivo performance of the implant. This paper outlines a method developed by the authors for quantifying taper material loss as well as more general taper interface parameters. Previous studies have mostly relied on visual inspection to assess the material loss at the taper interface, whereas this method aims to characterize any surface and form changes through the use of an out-of-roundness measurement machine. Along with assessing the volumetric wear, maximum linear penetration and taper contact length can also be determined. The method was applied to retrieved large head metal-on-metal femoral heads in order to quantify the material loss at this junction. Material loss from the female femoral head taper can be characterized as a localized area that is in contact with the stem taper surface. The study showed that this method has good repeatability and a low level of interoperability variation between operators
Features of gravity-Yang-Mills hierarchies in d-dimensions
Higher dimensional, direct analogues of the usual d=4 Einstein--Yang-Mills
(EYM) systems are studied. These consist of the gravitational and Yang-Mills
hierarchies in d=4p dimensional spacetimes, both consisting of 2p-form
curvature terms only. Regular and black hole solutions are constructed in
, in which dimensions the total mass-energy is finite,
generalising the familiar Bartnik-McKinnon solutions in EYM theory for p=1. In
d=4p, this similarity is complete. In the special case of d=2p+1, just beyond
the finite energy range of d, exact solutions in closed form are found.
Finally, d=2p+1 purely gravitational systems, whose solutions generalise the
static d=3 BTZ solutions, are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure
Divergence of the Magnetic Gr\"{u}neisen Ratio at the Field-Induced Quantum Critical Point in YbRhSi
The heavy fermion compound YbRhSi is studied by low-temperature
magnetization and specific-heat measurements at magnetic fields
close to the quantum critical point ( T, ). Upon
approaching the instability, is more singular than , leading to a
divergence of the magnetic Gr\"uneisen ratio .
Within the Fermi liquid regime, with
and T which is consistent with
scaling behavior of the specific-heat coefficient in
YbRh(SiGe). The field-dependence of indicates
an inflection point of the entropy as a function of magnetic field upon passing
the line previously observed in Hall- and thermodynamic
measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Figure
Static BPS 'monopoles' in all even spacetime dimensions
Two families of SO(2n) Higgs models in dimensional spacetime are
presented. One family arises from the {\it dimensional reduction} of higher
dimensional Yang-Mills systems while the construction of the other one is {\it
ad hoc}, the member of each family coinciding with the usual SU(2)
Yang-Mills--Higgs system without Higgs potential. All models support BPS
'monopole' solutions. The 'dyons' of the {\it dimensionally descended} models
are also BPS, while the electrically charged solutions of the {\it ad hoc}
models are not BPS.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Visualizing and Predicting the Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Hands
This dissertation was inspired by difficult decisions patients of chronic diseases have to make about about treatment options in light of uncertainty. We look at rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic, autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints of the hands and causes pain and deformities. In this work, we focus on several parts of a computer-based decision tool that patients can interact with using gestures, ask questions about the disease, and visualize possible futures. We propose a hand gesture based interaction method that is easily setup in a doctor\u27s office and can be trained using a custom set of gestures that are least painful. Our system is versatile and can be used for operations like simple selections to navigating a 3D world. We propose a point distribution model (PDM) that is capable of modeling hand deformities that occur due to RA and a generalized fitting method for use on radiographs of hands. Using our shape model, we show novel visualization of disease progression. Using expertly staged radiographs, we propose a novel distance metric learning and embedding technique that can be used to automatically stage an unlabeled radiograph. Given a large set of expertly labeled radiographs, our data-driven approach can be used to extract different modes of deformation specific to a disease
Generalized parity measurements
Measurements play an important role in quantum computing (QC), by either
providing the nonlinearity required for two-qubit gates (linear optics QC), or
by implementing a quantum algorithm using single-qubit measurements on a highly
entangled initial state (cluster state QC). Parity measurements can be used as
building blocks for preparing arbitrary stabilizer states, and, together with
1-qubit gates are universal for quantum computing. Here we generalize parity
gates by using a higher dimensional (qudit) ancilla. This enables us to go
beyond the stabilizer/graph state formalism and prepare other types of
multi-particle entangled states. The generalized parity module introduced here
can prepare in one-shot, heralded by the outcome of the ancilla, a large class
of entangled states, including GHZ_n, W_n, Dicke states D_{n,k}, and, more
generally, certain sums of Dicke states, like G_n states used in secret
sharing. For W_n states it provides an exponential gain compared to linear
optics based methods.Comment: 7 pages, 1 fig; updated to the published versio
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