A Study of Variability in Macadamia Integrifolia Var. 'Keauhou' at Several Locations in Hawaii

An experiment was designed and carried out in 1968 to study variability of nut characters in Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche var. 'Keauhou', the most widely cultivated clone in Hawaii. Samples of 50 nuts each were taken at random from 2 trees at each of 21 locations on three harvest dates. Data were taken on nut weight, kernel weight, percent kernel recovery, percent stink bug injury, percent of grades 1, 2 and 3 kernels, shell length and width, and shell thickness at the base and side. These data were processed on an IBM model 360/65 computer located on the Manoa campus of the University of Hawaii. All nut characters proved variable between locations sampled and most showed interactions between locations and harvest dates. Shell thickness, grade 2 kernels and kernel recovery varied with harvest dates, but these effects were less pronounced than locational effects and, with the exception of grade 2 kernels, showed significant interaction with locations. Based on sample means, nut weight varied from 5.6 to 8.9 grams, and kernel weight from 1.4 to 3.5 grams, with kernel recovery ranging from 24.0 to 46.5%. Stink bug injury occurred at 12 locations and ranged from 2 to 42%. Grade 1 kernels varied from 41 to 100% while grades 2 and 3 ranged from 0 to 49% and 0 to 47% respectively. Shell width and shell length were approximately equal with a correlation of 0.943 indicating that nuts of this variety are essentially round. Growth was divided into phonological stages corresponding to periods of pre-flowering, endosperm development, and oil formation. Average temperature and total rainfall for the phonological stages were computed from monthly weather data. Simple linear correlations between nut characters and pheno-meteorological variables showed an influence of temperature in determining nut quality and of rainfall in determining nut size. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age of tree was the most important single factor influencing kernel weight, kernel recovery and shell thickness. Kernel weight and kernel recovery increased and shell thickness decreased with increasing age of tree. Nut size as measured by shell length, shell width, and nut weight, was influenced most by rainfall during the pre-flowering period. In each case the effect was negative. Percent of grade 1 kernels increased and percent of grade 2 kernels decreased as average temperature increased. Temperature during the period of endosperm development had the greatest effect on grade 1 kernels and temperature during the period of oil formation had the greatest effect on grade 2 kernels. The most important factor affecting grade 3 kernels was harvest dates. As the harvest progressed toward the end of the season, percent of grade 3 kernels decreased

Developments in atomic analysis and imaging utilizing scientific charge-transfer devices: Axial viewing of the inductively coupled plasma, advanced hollow cathode designs, and latent fingerprint imaging

This document describes the development of spectroscopic techniques which benefit from the use of charge-transfer devices. Both charge-coupled devices (CCD's) and charge-injection devices (CID's) are used in the techniques presented here such as atomic emission spectroscopy and latent fingerprint imaging. The use of a CID echelle system for axial viewing of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) demonstrates the enhancement in sensitivity that can be obtained over tangential viewing. More importantly though, are the advantages afforded by simultaneous multi-element detection. Axial viewing of the ICP has shown to not only improve upon the detection limits of several metals by, in some cases, a half order of magnitude, but also to increase the amount of light collected and thus reduce the time of analysis. Along with this, the effect of interferences upon the detection of various metals is, at worst, equivalent to that of an ICP with tangential viewing. Further enhancement of sensitivity in atomic analysis can be achieved by atomic fluorescence with an ICP. Although in the past, hollow cathode lamps have proven to be insufficient, advanced designs of hollow cathode lamps presented here have demonstrated an increase in the intensity of lines of copper best suited for use in ICP atomic fluorescence. Lastly, a latent fingerprint has been imaged with the use of a scientific CCD and a flashlight where in the past such a technique was accomplished with high power lasers. By using a CCD, the immediate digitization of information combined with the sensitivity and image processing capabilities offer a portable means by which to image latent fingerprints on poor surfaces

The Unplugged Office Space and the Role of Sustainable Design in Higher Education

This article looks at sustainability in higher education and office environments, specifically proposing a green redesign of the Greenville, NC V.O.A. site

Vacuum-cooling fresh vegetables and fruits /

no.10

Safety and Immunogenicity of M2-Deficient, Single Replication, Live Influenza Vaccine (M2SR) in Adults

M2SR (M2-deficient single replication) is an investigational live intranasal vaccine that protects against multiple influenza A subtypes in influenza-naïve and previously infected ferrets. We conducted a phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled study of M2SR safety and immunogenicity. Adult subjects received a single intranasal administration with either placebo or one of three M2SR dose levels (106, 107 or 108 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)) expressing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) (24 subjects per group). Subjects were evaluated for virus replication, local and systemic reactions, adverse events (AE), and immune responses post-vaccination. Infectious virus was not detected in nasal swabs from vaccinated subjects. At least one AE (most commonly mild nasal rhinorrhea/congestion) was reported among 29%, 58%, and 83% of M2SR subjects administered a low, medium or high dose, respectively, and among 46% of placebo subjects. No subject had fever or a severe reaction to the vaccine. Influenza-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses and B- and T-cell responses were significantly more frequent among vaccinated subjects vs. placebo recipients. The M2SR vaccine was safe and well tolerated and generated dose-dependent durable serum antibody responses against diverse H3N2 influenza strains. M2SR demonstrated a multi-faceted immune response in seronegative and seropositive subjects