Alcohol drinking and head and neck cancer risk: the joint effect of intensity and duration

Background: Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to explore the effect of alcohol intensity and duration, as joint continuous exposures, on HNC risk. Methods: Data from 26 case-control studies in the INHANCE Consortium were used, including never and current drinkers who drunk ≤10 drinks/day for ≤54 years (24234 controls, 4085 oral cavity, 3359 oropharyngeal, 983 hypopharyngeal and 3340 laryngeal cancers). The dose-response relationship between the risk and the joint exposure to drinking intensity and duration was investigated through bivariate regression spline models, adjusting for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking. Results: For all subsites, cancer risk steeply increased with increasing drinks/day, with no appreciable threshold effect at lower intensities. For each intensity level, the risk of oral cavity, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers did not vary according to years of drinking, suggesting no effect of duration. For oropharyngeal cancer, the risk increased with durations up to 28 years, flattening thereafter. The risk peaked at the higher levels of intensity and duration for all subsites (odds ratio = 7.95 for oral cavity, 12.86 for oropharynx, 24.96 for hypopharynx and 6.60 for larynx). Conclusions: Present results further encourage the reduction of alcohol intensity to mitigate HNC risk

Démarche diagnostique devant une ulcération linguale unique. Cas clinique et revue de la littérature

Introduction : Les ulcérations des muqueuses buccales peuvent être dues à une cause locale mais également être la manifestation de certaines pathologies générales ou de leurs thérapeutiques. Des maladies infectieuses, dermatologiques, hématologiques, carentielles, malignes et la prise de certains médicaments sont susceptibles de provoquer des ulcérations buccales, d’évolution aiguë ou chronique. De nombreux médicaments peuvent induire des ulcérations buccales, associées ou non à d’autres atteintes, cutanées et/ou muqueuses. Observation : Une patiente de 85 ans consultait pour une ulcération linguale évoluant depuis 5 semaines. Ce travail présente la démarche diagnostique qui a permis d’aboutir au diagnostic d’ulcération d’origine médicamenteuse liée à la prise de nicorandil. Discussion : Devant une ulcération muqueuse, l’anamnèse et l’examen clinique orientent le diagnostic. Les examens complémentaires permettent de retenir la cause médicamenteuse, après l’exclusion des autres étiologies possibles. La démarche diagnostique peut s’avérer difficile, notamment chez les patients qui souffrent de nombreuses pathologies et sont polymédiqués. Conclusion : L’implication du nicorandil dans la survenue d’ulcérations buccales ou extra-buccales est mal connue par les praticiens, ce qui explique le retard dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge adaptée des patients

Kystes osseux solitaires mandibulaires à présentations radiologiques atypiques : à propos de deux cas cliniques et revue de la littérature

Introduction : Le kyste osseux solitaire est une lésion rare des maxillaires, classée parmi les pseudo-kystes intra-osseux. Au niveau de la sphère faciale, sa localisation privilégiée est la symphyse et le corps de la mandibule. Son image radiologique typique est celle d’une lésion radio-claire homogène, uniloculaire, aux bords nets et irréguliers ou festonnés, amincissant les corticales, sans les interrompre. Observations : Deux cas de kystes solitaires mandibulaires à présentations radiologiques atypiques sont rapportés. Le premier cas est celui d’un patient de 17 ans présentant une image radio-claire exclusivement ramique, multiloculaire, s’étendant de la 48 incluse à l’échancrure sigmoïde. Le deuxième cas est celui d’une patiente de 16 ans présentant une lésion radio-claire mandibulaire droite (ramus, angle et corps postérieur), multiloculaire, avec des travées intralésionnelles ; la 48 incluse était présente au sein de la lésion. Discussion : Les aspects radiologiques atypiques des kystes solitaires sont rarement décrits dans la littérature et nécessitent un diagnostic différentiel avec d’autres kystes ou tumeurs des maxillaires, dont certaines sont agressives localement. Conclusion : Leur méconnaissance peut conduire à des attitudes thérapeutiques inappropriées

Ostéonécrose des maxillaires : quand l’ancien traitement avec bisphosphonates est méconnu

Introduction : La personne âgée est atteinte de polypathologies et polymédiquée. Les prescriptions sont faites par plusieurs médecins qui s’ignorent réciproquement, ce qui augmente le risque d’effets adverses. Observation : Le cas d’une patiente de 91 ans vivant dans un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes est rapporté. Quatre mois après une perfusion de zolédronate suite à une chute avec tassement vertébral, elle a consulté pour une gêne maxillaire gauche, ce qui a permis de découvrir un foyer d’ostéonécrose spontanée maxillaire. Un deuxième foyer d’ostéonécrose, mandibulaire, a été diagnostiqué trois semaines plus tard. Considérant l’âge de la patiente et l’absence de troubles fonctionnels, seul un débridement chirurgical superficiel a été réalisé. Discussion : L’apparition d’ostéonécroses spontanées bimaxillaires quatre mois après une perfusion unique de zolédronate étant peu probable, la recherche approfondie des antécédents de la patiente a permis de retrouver une prise de trois bisphosphonates oraux pendant sept ans sans aucun examen et suivi bucco-dentaire. L’interrogatoire médical des patients âgés atteints de troubles cognitifs étant difficile, la recherche de tous les médecins prescripteurs est nécessaire. Conclusion : La prise en charge de l’ostéonécrose associée aux bisphosphonates étant complexe, le chirurgien-dentiste joue un rôle important dans la prévention de cette pathologie

Diagnostic difficulty of an aggressive and recurrent giant cell granuloma: a short case report

Introduction: The central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare benign lesion of the jaws, rarely aggressive,mostly affecting the mandible in children and young adults. The diagnosis may be difficult, complementaryhistological analyses being necessary to differentiate it from other giant cell tumours. Observation: A 28-year-old woman consulted for a painful gingival swelling surrounding the inferior right second molar. Cone Beam (CBCT) showed anunilocular radiolucent mandibular lesion. Histological examination performed after the curettage of the lesion could not differentiate between a peripheral GCG with bone extension, a giant cell tumour (GCT) or a CGCG. The patient was lost of view for 4 months until an aggressive recurrence. Asegmental mandibulectomy in disease-free margin was performed. Immunohistochemical and genetic testscomplementary to histology finally permitted to concludeto a CGCG. The patient presented no recurrence in 4 years of follow-up. Discussion: Surgical removal in disease-free margin is the gold standard treatment in aggressive CGCG. Nonetheless, literature reports alternative pharmacological treatments alone or in addition to surgery. In this case, the aggressiveness of the tumour and the absence of patient compliance for follow-up have led to the decision of a radical treatment of the recurrence. Conclusion: Aggressive CGCG requires a rapid diagnosis and a primary disease-free margin surgical resection to avoid mutilating treatment of the recurrence

Population attributable risks of oral cavity cancer to behavioral and medical risk factors in France: results of a large population-based case–control study, the ICARE study

ICARE Study GroupInternational audienceBackgroundPopulation attributable risks (PARs) are useful tool to estimate the burden of risk factors in cancer incidence. Few studies estimated the PARs of oral cavity cancer to tobacco smoking alone, alcohol drinking alone and their joint consumption but none performed analysis stratified by subsite, gender or age. Among the suspected risk factors of oral cavity cancer, only PAR to a family history of head and neck cancer was reported in two studies. The purpose of this study was to estimate in France the PARs of oral cavity cancer to several recognized and suspected risk factors, overall and by subsite, gender and age.MethodsWe analysed data from 689 oral cavity cancer cases and 3481 controls included in a population-based case–control study, the ICARE study. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), PARs and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI).ResultsThe PARs were 0.3 % (95 % CI −3.9 %; +3.9 %) for alcohol alone, 12.7 % (6.9 %–18.0 %) for tobacco alone and 69.9 % (64.4 %–74.7 %) for their joint consumption. PAR to combined alcohol and tobacco consumption was 74 % (66.5 %–79.9 %) in men and 45.4 % (32.7 %–55.6 %) in women. Among suspected risk factors, body mass index 2 years before the interview <25 kg.m−2, never tea drinking and family history of head and neck cancer explained 35.3 % (25.7 %–43.6 %), 30.3 % (14.4 %–43.3 %) and 5.8 % (0.6 %–10.8 %) of cancer burden, respectively. About 93 % (88.3 %–95.6 %) of oral cavity cancers were explained by all risk factors, 94.3 % (88.4 %–97.2 %) in men and only 74.1 % (47.0 %–87.3 %) in women.ConclusionOur study emphasizes the role of combined tobacco and alcohol consumption in the oral cavity cancer burden in France and gives an indication of the proportion of cases attributable to other risk factors. Most of oral cavity cancers are attributable to concurrent smoking and drinking and would be potentially preventable through smoking or drinking cessation. If the majority of cases are explained by recognized or suspected risk factors in men, a substantial number of cancers in women are probably due to still unexplored factors that remain to be clarified by future studies

Perioperative management of oral anticoagulated patients undergoing an oral, implant, or periodontal procedure: a survey of practices of members of two dental scientific societies, the PRADICO study

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Occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk in men A population-based case-control study in France

International audienceObjective - To examine the association between occupational exposure to petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.Methods - The ICARE study is a large population-based case-control study conducted in France between 2001 and 2007. This present analysis was restricted to men and included 350 and 543 cases of squamous cell-carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, respectively, and 2780 controls. Lifetime tobacco, alcohol consumption and complete occupational history were assessed through detailed questionnaires. Job-exposure matrices allowed us to assess occupational exposure to five petroleum-based solvents (white spirits; diesel/fuel oils/kerosene; gasoline; benzene; special petroleum products) and five oxygenated solvents (diethyl ether; tetrahydrofuran; ketones and esters; alcohols; ethylene glycol). Odds-ratios (ORs), adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic models.Results - Associations between oral cancer risk and exposure to white spirits and diesel/fuel oils/kerosene were suggested, but there was no exposure-response trend. Concerning exposure to oxygenated solvents, participants with the highest levels of cumulative exposure to diethyl ether had a significant excess risk of oropharyngeal cancer (OR = 7.78, 95%CI 1.42 to 42.59; p for trend = 0.04). Ever exposure to tetrahydrofuran was associated with a borderline significant increased risk of oral cancer (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 0.97 to 3.61), but no exposure-response trend was observed. Additional adjustments for exposure to other solvents did not substantially change the results.Conclusion - Our results do not provide evidence for a major role of petroleum-based and oxygenated solvents in the occurrence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in men

A specific tongue microbiota signature is found in patients displaying an improvement of orosensory lipid perception after a sleeve gastrectomy

Introduction A preferential consumption of low-fat foods is reported by most of the patients after a vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). The fact that a recent study shed light on a relationship between oral microbiota and fat taste sensitivity in obese patients prompted us to explore whether such a connection also exists in the context of a VSG. Methods Thirty-two adult female patients with a severe obesity (BMI = 43.1 ± 0.7 kg/m 2 ) and candidates for a VSG were selected. Oral microbiota composition surrounding the gustatory circumvallate papillae (CVP) and the lipid perception thresholds were explored before and 6 months after surgery. Results VSG was found to be associated both with a qualitative (compositional changes) and quantitative (lower gene richness) remodeling of the peri-CVP microbiota. Analysis of the lipid perception allowed us to distinguish two subgroups: patients with a post-operative improvement of the fat taste sensitivity ( i.e. , with a lower threshold, n = 14) and unimproved patients ( n = 18). Specific peri-CVP microbiota signatures also discriminated these two subgroups, unimproved patient being characterized by higher levels of Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium , and Haemophilus genera associated with lower levels of Atopobium and Prevotella genera as compared to the lipid-improved patients. Conclusion Collectively, these data raise the possibility that the microbial environment surrounding gustatory papillae might play a role in the positive changes of fat taste sensitivity observed in some patients after VSG