Nutrition-Based therapeutic approaches for solving autistic digestive troubles

Diagnosing and treating additional health problems in autistic children or adults, beyond their own autism troubles, is always a challenge under first of parent responsibility. This paper reports on the success of nutrition-based therapeutic approaches for improving the health and solving digestive troubles of a communicating-impaired and initially overweight patient. Symptoms include frequent burping, and diagnoses revealed hiatal hernia and stomach ulcers. Two different diet plans have been successively applied over one year. Each half-year diet impact has been home-monitored by measuring the body-mass data and index. Details on nutrition, supplement and drug intakes, as well as any observations were daily recorded. The first halfyear diet was based on gastroesophageal reflux preventing recommendations, whereas the 2nd diet plan was elaborated from the metabolic typing and gluten intolerance information. Normal body mass index (BMI) values (20-25) were reached during the 1st phase, which was marked by an increase in the intake of food supplement and a reduction in the frequency of drug intakes, especially from the 4th month. After one-year of nutrition-based therapy, the patient health has been generally improved, and the hiatal hernia and ulcer problems have disappeared. A database containing all information recorded throughout the diet plans was created. During the patient body-mass loss, the muscle part increased whereas the fat part dropped. Such fat mass loss observed over the 1st 4 months was possibly correlated to the intake frequency diminution of proton pump inhibitor, acting against the gastric acid secretion. During last 6-months of strict nutrition therapy, the body mass remained stable.Peer reviewe

Kinetics of the hydrolysis of polysaccharide galacturonic acid and neutral sugars chains from flaxseed mucilage

Different hydrolysis procedures of flaxseed polysaccharides (chemical and enzymatic) were carried out with H2SO4, HCl and TFA at different acid concentrations (0.2, 1 and 2 M) and temperatures (80 and 100°C). Enzymatic and combined chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses of polysaccharide from flaxseed mucilage were also studied. Acid hydrolysis conditions (2 M H2SO4, 4 h, 100°C) are required to quantify total monosaccharide content of flaxseed mucilage. The enzymatic pathway (Pectinex™ Ultra SP) limits sugar destruction during hydrolysis, but it is also insufficient for complete depolymerization. The combination of the two treatments, i.e. moderate chemical hydrolysis (0.2 M H2SO4, 80°C, 48 h) combined with enzymatic hydrolysis is not more effective compared to chemical hydrolysis in drastic conditions (2 M H2SO4 at 100°C). The strong interaction between the neutral and acid fractions of flaxseed mucilage may hinder total release of sugar residues. Physical treatment prior to the hydrolysis could be necessary to achieve complete depolymerisation of flaxseed mucilage

Influences des Pressions Anthropiques sur les Lémuriens d’Anantaka, dans la Partie Est du Plateau de Makira, Maroantsetra, Madagascar

L’équipe de Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), pour contribuer dans la protection, a prospecté et suivi 12 sites dans la forêt de Makira dont Anantaka pendant les mois de septembre et octobre 2005 et 2006. A l’aide des lignes - inventaire, la densité relative de la population de lémuriens a été obtenue par des observations directes tandis que les pressions humaines ont été inventoriées par l‘évaluation des surfaces d‘incidence des activités humaines. Des activités anthropiques sur les lémuriens ont été identifiées. Les influences de chaque type de pression sur les espèces de Lémuriens (trois diurnes strictes, une cathémérale et dix nocturnes) répertoriées à travers 12 sites ont été analysées à partir du coefficient de corrélation R de Spearman entre chaque facteur menaçant par rapport à chaque effectif de lémurien. Ainsi, d’une part, on a déduit que le site d’Anantaka, avec ses 14 espèces lémuriennes, est le plus riche en espèces de lémuriens. Et d’autre part, on a constaté que plus le nombre de village est abondant et plus leur distance par rapport à la forêt est rapprochée et que les impacts de pression sur l’écosystème forestier augmente avec des activités relatives comme la chasse, les coupes illicites, les défrichements de la forêt primaire, les défrichements des forêts secondaires et la transformation des forêts en tavy ou en kijana (prairie) ainsi que les exploitations minières illicites. A part cette dégradation de la biodiversité, la décadence de la moralité à la fois sur les notions du civisme et le concept du fady (tabou) en l’encontre des Aye aye par exemple, se trouve sur une situation bouleversante, puisque les gens ne considèrent plus ni les valeurs culturelles pour la conservation de la forêt ni les lois régissant la gestion forestière et les chasses des animaux sauvages. Ces critères classifient le site d’Anantaka dans la cible focale de conservation du fait que la couverture forestière d’Anantaka présente encore 75 % de forêt, 25 % est transformée en savoka et en prairie. C’est ainsi que l’indispensablement d’une priorité en matière de conservation des lémuriens pour conserver la niche écologique exceptionnelle d’Anantaka. La conservation de Makira serait optimale avec l’intégration de la population riveraine du site d’Anantaka dans la gestion rationnelle de leurs ressources naturelles et avec l’intervention de l’éducation environnementale dans quelques localités dont les Communautés de base (COBA) et avec l’appui technique émanant des associations dans l’élaboration d’un plan de développement touchant surtout l’agriculture et d’un projet qui assurera la surveillance et le contrôle du secteur par des missions de suivi - évaluation

Synbiotics and their Antioxidant Properties, Mechanisms, and Benefits on Human and Animal Health: A Narrative Review

peer reviewedAntioxidants are often associated with a variety of anti-aging compounds that can ensure human and animal health longevity. Foods and diet supplements from animals and plants are the common exogenous sources of antioxidants. However, microbial-based products, including probiotics and their derivatives, have been recognized for their antioxidant properties through numerous studies and clinical trials. While the number of publications on probiotic antioxidant capacities and action mechanisms is expanding, that of synbiotics combining probiotics with prebiotics is still emerging. Here, the antioxidant metabolites and properties of synbiotics, their modes of action, and their different effects on human and animal health are reviewed and discussed. Synbiotics can generate almost unlimited possibilities of antioxidant compounds, which may have superior performance compared to those of their components through additive or complementary effects, and especially by synergistic actions. Either combined with antioxidant prebiotics or not, probiotics can convert these substrates to generate antioxidant compounds with superior activities. Such synbiotic-based new routes for supplying natural antioxidants appear relevant and promising in human and animal health prevention and treatment. A better understanding of various component interactions within synbiotics is key to generating a higher quality, quantity, and bioavailability of antioxidants from these biotic sources.1. No poverty2. Zero hunger3. Good health and well-being9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure17. Partnerships for the goal

Probiotics in Aquaculture

peer reviewedThe Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (WHO) define probiotics as “Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. Possible action modes of probiotics in aquaculture include the regulation of amino and fatty acid metabolisms, the excretion of digestive enzymes and vitamins or cofactors, the production of antagonistic compounds that inhibit bacteria, the enhancement of immune responses, the disruption of the quorum-sensing processes of pathogenic organisms, stress improvement, and heavy-metal detoxification.2. Zero hunger3. Good health and well-being6. Clean water and sanitation12. Responsible consumption and productio

Synbiotic Agents and Their Active Components for Sustainable Aquaculture: Concepts, Action Mechanisms, and Applications

peer reviewedAquaculture is a fast-emerging food-producing sector in which fishery production plays an imperative socio-economic role, providing ample resources and tremendous potential worldwide. However, aquatic animals are exposed to the deterioration of the ecological environment and infection outbreaks, which represent significant issues nowadays. One of the reasons for these threats is the excessive use of antibiotics and synthetic drugs that have harmful impacts on the aquatic atmosphere. It is not surprising that functional and nature-based feed ingredients such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have been developed as natural alternatives to sustain a healthy microbial environment in aquaculture. These functional feed additives possess several beneficial characteristics, including gut microbiota modulation, immune response reinforcement, resistance to pathogenic organisms, improved growth performance, and enhanced feed utilization in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, their mechanisms in modulating the immune system and gut microbiota in aquatic animals are largely unclear. This review discusses basic and current research advancements to fill research gaps and promote effective and healthy aquaculture production.2. Zero hunger3. Good health and well-being6. Clean water and sanitation9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure12. Responsible consumption and productio

Sustainable Biotic Agents in Aquaculture: Concepts, Action Mechanisms and Applications

peer reviewedAquaculture is a fast-emerging food-producing sector in which fishery production plays an im-perative socio-economic role, providing ample resources and tremendous potential worldwide. However, aquatic animals are exposed to the deterioration of the ecological environment and in-fection outbreaks, which represent significant issues nowadays. One of the reasons for these threats is the excessive use of antibiotics and synthetic drugs that have harmful impacts on the aquatic atmosphere. It is not surprising that functional biotic feeds such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have been developed as natural alternatives to sustain a healthy microbial envi-ronment in aquaculture. These functional feed additives possess several beneficial characteristics, including gut microbiota modulation, immune response reinforcement, resistance to pathogenic organisms, improved growth performance, and enhanced feed utilization in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, their mechanisms in modulating the immune system and gut microbiota in aquatic animals are largely unclear. This review discusses current research advancements to fill research gaps and promote effective and healthy aquaculture production.3. Good health and well-being6. Clean water and sanitation12. Responsible consumption and production14. Life below wate

Applications and Action Mechanisms of Probiotic-Based Multi-Components

editorial reviewedProbiotic-based multi-component preparations refer to a mixture of bioactive agents, containing probiotics or postbiotics as main functional ingredients, and prebiotics, protectants, stabilizers, encapsulating agents, and other compounds as additional constituents.One Health approaches to support agroecological transformation of peri-urban farming1. No poverty2. Zero hunger3. Good health and well-being10. Reduced inequalities11. Sustainable cities and communities12. Responsible consumption and production13. Climate action17. Partnerships for the goal

Cloning and characterization of a 9-lipoxygenase gene induced by pathogen attack from Nicotiana benthamiana for biotechnological application

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been proposed to form biologically active compounds both during normal developmental stages such as germination or growth as well as during responses to environmental stress such as wounding or pathogen attack. In our previous study, we found that enzyme activity of endogenous 9-LOX in <it>Nicotiana benthamiana </it>was highly induced by agroinfiltration using a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based vector system.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A <it>LOX </it>gene which is expressed after treatment of the viral vectors was isolated from <it>Nicotiana benthamiana</it>. As the encoded LOX has a high amino acid identity to other 9-LOX proteins, the gene was named as <it>Nb-9-LOX</it>. It was heterologously expressed in yeast cells and its enzymatic activity was characterized. The yeast cells expressed large quantities of stable 9-LOX (0.9 U ml^-1cell cultures) which can oxygenate linoleic acid resulting in high yields (18 μmol ml^-1cell cultures) of hydroperoxy fatty acid. The product specificity of Nb-9-LOX was examined by incubation of linoleic acid and Nb-9-LOX in combination with a 13-hydroperoxide lyase from watermelon (Cl-13-HPL) or a 9/13-hydroperoxide lyase from melon (Cm-9/13-HPL) and by LC-MS analysis. The result showed that Nb-9-LOX possesses both 9- and 13-LOX specificity, with high predominance for the 9-LOX function. The combination of recombinant Nb-9-LOX and recombinant Cm-9/13-HPL produced large amounts of C₉-aldehydes (3.3 μmol mg^-1crude protein). The yield of C₉-aldehydes from linoleic acid was 64%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The yeast expressed Nb-9-LOX can be used to produce C₉-aldehydes on a large scale in combination with a <it>HPL </it>gene with 9-HPL function, or to effectively produce 9-hydroxy-10(<it>E</it>),12(<it>Z</it>)-octadecadienoic acid in a biocatalytic process in combination with cysteine as a mild reducing agent.</p

Electric field effects on proteins Novel perspectives on food and potential health implications

Electric fields (EF) technologies have been establishing a solid position in emergent food processing and have seen as serious alternatives to traditional thermal processing. During the last decades, research has been devoted to elucidation of technological and safety issues but also fundamental aspects related with interaction of electric fields (EF) with important macromolecules, such as proteins. Proteins are building blocks for the development of functional networks that can encompass health benefits (i.e. nutritional and bioactive properties) but may be also linked with adverse effects such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyloid fibrils) and immunological responses. The biological function of a protein depends on its tridimensional structure/conformation, and latest research evidences that EF can promote disturbances on protein conformation, change their unfolding mechanisms, aggregation and interaction patterns. This review aims at bringing together these recent findings as well as providing novel perspectives about how EF can shape the behavior of proteins towards the development of innovative foods, aiming at consumers health and wellbeing.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/ BIO/04469/2019 and UIDB 50006/2020 with funding from FCT/ MCTES through national funds, BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This work was also supported by the projects AlleRiskAssess – PTDC/BAA-AGR/31720/2017 and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-031720. Zita Avelar acknowledge the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for its fellowship SFRH/BD/146347/2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio