Accurate and precise quantification of Cu,Zn-SOD in human red blood cells using species-specific double and triple IDMS

Acknowledgements This research was undertaken within the EMRP project HLT05. The EMRP was jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. We gratefully acknowledge support by the Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology B-IGSM.Peer reviewedPostprin

Inter- and intraspecific phenotypic plasticity of three phytoplankton species in response to ocean acidification

Phenotypic plasticity describes the phenotypic adjustment of the same genotype to different environmental conditions and is best described by a reaction norm. We focus on the effect of ocean acidification on inter- and intraspecific reaction norms of three globally important phytoplankton species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Chaetoceros affinis). Despite significant differences in growth rates between the species, they all showed a high potential for phenotypic buffering (similar growth rates between ambient and high CO2 conditions). Only three coccolithophore genotypes showed a reduced growth in high CO2. Diverging responses to high CO2 of single coccolithophore genotypes compared with the respective mean species responses, however, raise the question of whether an extrapolation to the population level is possible from single-genotype experiments. We therefore compared the mean response of all tested genotypes with a total species response comprising the same genotypes, which was not significantly different in the coccolithophores. Assessing species reaction norms to different environmental conditions on short time scale in a genotype-mix could thus reduce sampling effort while increasing predictive power

Bodenphysikalische Kenngrößen und deren flächenhafte Heterogenität auf einer homogen hergestellten Fläche der Bergbaufolgelandschaft in der Lausitz

Das Projekt befasst sich mit der landwirt-schaftlichen Rekultivierung ehemaliger Braunkohletagebaugebiete in der Lausitz, größtem Braunkohleabbaugebiet Deutsch-lands. Der Tagebau führt zu Störungen auf der Landschaftsskala. Die Rekultivie-rung versucht u.a., die Tagebaugebiete wieder landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung zuzu-führen. Die Substrate, die zur Rekultivie-rung verwendet werden, stammen aus mehreren Metern Tiefe und sind daher frei von rezenter organischer Substanz. Das Substrat ist unstrukturiert und wird bei Ab-baggerung, Aufschüttung und Einebnung starken mechanischen Belastungen aus-gesetzt. Dies führt zu mehr oder weniger stark verdichteten Böden/Substraten. In diesem Zusammenhang untersuchen wir den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Rekultivie-rungsstrategien auf die Entwicklung einer funktions- und tragfähigen Bodenstruktur auf einer 2006/2007 aufgeschütteten und eingeebneten Fläche. Hierfür wurden an ungestörten Bodenproben u.a. Lage-rungsdichte, Luftleitfähigkeit und Vorbe-lastung bestimmt. Wir zeigen erste Ergeb-nisse aus den laufenden Untersuchungen, die eine hohe Schwankungsbreite aufwei-sen, obwohl die Fläche mit ähnlichem Substrat und einheitlichen Maschinen hergestellt worden ist

PtX opportunities and challenges for aviation and beyond - Technical, economic and ecologic evaluation from aviation point of view

Conclusions: PtX opportunities and challenges for aviation and beyond? Opportunity 1: Promised enormous increase in renewable energy generation • German coalition agreement (government): +300 - 350 TWh renewable electricity by 2030 • New RE capacity implementation: 35 - 40 TWh p.a.? • 10 % for aviation: 3.5 – 4.0 TWh -> +100 - 200 kt/a SAF addition each year? Opportunity 2: Promised short term SAF pull (aviation industry) and push (expected deployment policies) • Immediate utilization of >: e.g. stop burning industrial H2, explore cheap green carbon Challenge 1: underdeveloped European SAF industry (compared to GWP saving request) • Mandatory: reliable, permanent market for SAF – e.g., year-on-year growth rate of blending until 2030? • Investor certainty crucial Promise 100 % SAF within 3 decades? - Fair share: 33 % supply in this decade

TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EUROPEAN SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUELS (SAF) PRODUCTION

Ergebnisse der standardisierten techno-ökonomisch-ökologischen Analyse der Bewertung alternativer Kraftstoffe werden am Beispiel von Fischer-Tropsch Luftfahrttreibstoffen aus Biomasse, Strom und CO2 gezeigt. Für die europäische Luftfahrtindustrie wurde eine Road-map erarbeitet, um unter Einsatz weitestgehend nachhaltiger Einsatzstoffe signifikante Mengen von SAF zu erzeugen. Produktionskosten und Treibhausgaspotenzial der Kraftstoffe werden regional ermittelt

Toxicity of three types of arsenolipids : species-specific effects in Caenorhabditis elegans

This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), grant number SCHW 903/10-1 and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project number I2412-B21. MA was supported in part by grants from the NIEHS, R01ES10563 and R0107331.Peer reviewedPostprin

Can e-fuels replace fossil fuels for a future global sustainable transport?

The use of synthetic fuels is an attractive solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions where electrification proves to be challenging or too cost intensive. Combining the use of renewable electricity to produce electrolytic hydrogen and sustainable carbon (e.g. from non-crop-based biomass) offers a promising route for large-scale, low carbon power-to-X-products (PtX). While the process technology is pretty mature, the energy efficiency, the production costs, the GHG savings and the possible production capacity is a part of the political debate. Rigorous chemical process simulation using standard software like Aspen Plus with experimentally validated unit performance data is the basis to get an exact representation of the entire process. Chemical engineering cost estimation is applied to predict net production costs (NPC) of PtX-products for transport fuels. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed with the open source framework Brightway2 using the same data set of rigorous process simulation. Costs and GWP where calculated using the in-house tool Techno-Economic Process Evaluation Tool (TEPET)

Age independent survival benefit for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without metastases at diagnosis: a population-based study

OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of death worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase globally. Aim of this study was to assess whether the implementation of screening policies and the improvement of treatment options translated into a real-world survival benefit in HCC patients. DESIGN 4078 patients diagnosed with HCC between 1998 and 2016 from the Munich Cancer Registry were analysed. Tumour characteristics and outcome were analysed by time period and according to age and presence of metastases at diagnosis. Overall survival (OS) was analysed using Kaplan-Meier method and relative survival (RS) was computed for cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to control for prognostic variables. RESULTS While incidence of HCC remained substantially stable, tumours were diagnosed at increasingly earlier stages, although the median age at diagnosis increased. The 3 years RS in HCC improved from 19.8% in 1998-2002, 22.4% in 2003-2007, 30.6% in 2008-2012 up to 31.0% in 2013-2016. Median OS increased from 6 months in 1998-2002 to 12 months in 2008-2016. However, analysis according to the metastatic status showed that survival improved only in patients without metastases at diagnosis whereas the prognosis of patients with metastatic disease remained unchanged. CONCLUSION These real-world data show that, in contrast to the current assumptions, the incidence of HCC did not increase in a representative German region. Earlier diagnosis, likely related to the implementation of screening programmes, translated into an increasing employment of effective therapeutic options and a clear survival benefit in patients without metastases at diagnosis, irrespective of age

E-FUEL OPTIONS IN PRIVATE TRANSPORT, AVIATION AND SHIPPING

E-Fuel options in private transport, aviation and shipping - Techno economic and environmental assessmen

Application of techno economic and ecological process assessment for cost estimation of renewable fuels

In der Prozessverfahrenstechnik sind Kostenschätzungen für Neuanlagen in unterschiedlichen Genauigkeitsstufen üblich und erforderlich für abgestufte Entscheidungsprozesse zur Mittelfreigabe bis zur Errichtung einer Anlage. Diese gelten für Großanlagen bekannter Technologie (technology readiness level 9), werden allerdings auch für Neuanlagen und die Kostenprognose von Entwicklungsprojekten eingesetzt. In der Wissenschaft ist eine Bewertung bis zum sogenannten preliminary estimate (Class 4) basierend auf begrenzten Kostendaten und Verfahrensdetails möglich, teilweise mit Anteilen eines sogenannten budgeting estimate (Class 3), wenn konkrete Kostendaten über wesentliche Prozessstufen vorliegen. Am DLR wurde diese Methode standardisiert und im Software-Werkzeug TEPET automatisiert, um den Einfluss von Änderungen im Prozessdesign auf die zu erwartenden Produktionskosten auf Basis der Fließbildsimulation zu ermitteln. Methodik und Software-Werkzeug werden im Vortrag erläutert. Die vielfältigen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der Ergebnisse der techno-ökonomischen Analyse werden anhand von Beispielen präsentiert