Changes in P-glycoprotein activity are mediated by the growth of a tumour cell line as multicellular spheroids

BACKGROUND: Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 gene product, can lead to multidrug resistance in tumours. However, the physiological role of P-gp in tumours growing as multicellular spheroids is not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that P-gp activity may be modulated by cellular components such as membrane proteins, membrane-anchoring proteins or membrane-lipid composition. Since, multicellular spheroids studies have evidenced alterations in numerous cellular components, including those related to the plasma membrane function, result plausible that some of these changes might modulate P-gp function and be responsible for the acquisition of multicellular drug resistance. In the present study, we asked if a human lung cancer cell line (INER-51) grown as multicellular spheroids can modify the P-gp activity to decrease the levels of doxorubicin (DXR) retained and increase their drug resistance. RESULTS: Our results showed that INER-51 spheroids retain 3-folds lower doxorubicin than the same cells as monolayers however; differences in retention were not observed when the P-gp substrate Rho-123 was used. Interestingly, neither the use of the P-gp-modulating agent cyclosporin-A (Cs-A) nor a decrease in ATP-pools were able to increase DXR retention in the multicellular spheroids. Only the lack of P-gp expression throughout the pharmacological selection of a P-gp negative (P-gp(neg)) mutant clone (PSC-1) derived from INER-51 cells, allow increase of DXR retention in spheroids. CONCLUSION: Thus, multicellular arrangement appears to alter the P-gp activity to maintain lower levels of DXR. However, the non expression of P-gp by cells forming multicellular spheroids has only a minor impact in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents

Automated versus manual RNA isolation for the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The rapid spread and huge health and economic impact witnessed even from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the development of diagnostic tests to opportunely identify individuals infected by its causing agent, the SARS CoV-2 virus. This is a prerequisite to quarantine them to avoid further spreading the infection specially to their vulnerable co-workers and family contacts. The golden standard for pathogen detection is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). To obtain an accurate result, it is important to carry out an optimal isolation of the viral RNA genome. Methods: This study aimed to compare manual (kits of Qiagen or DAAN) vs automatic (SMART-32 equipment of DAAN) RNA isolation methods. 372 samples were processed of which 200 were negative and 172 were positive of which 181 were processed manually and 191 automatically. Pre-analytical characterization of the RNA resulting from both methods included quantification of yield and qualification of purity by spectrophotometry in the Nanodrop (Thermo-Fisher, Mexico City). Results were comparatively evaluated employing the IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: The median yield of RNA obtained by the manual method resulted higher than that rendered by the automatic method. Regarding purity (as judged by the ratios of A260/230 and A260/280) the manual method reflected better parameters than the automated one. On the other hand, when dealing with large amounts of samples, the latter was more convenient and faster. Conclusions: The manual method gives slighter better yield and purity than the automated one. However, quality wise, RNA from both methods is equally suitable for RT-PCR diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2. The demand in the laboratory for processing large volumes in the minimal time, tips the scale to the automatic method

Biobanking in NE Mexico for biomedical research and clinical needs

Background: The advancement of biomedicine demands tools that translate its achievements into services to both the scientific community and the pharma/biotech industry. Biobanks are powerful tools that collect, process, store, manage, and distribute biospecimens and their associated clinical/demographic data to users carrying out studies aimed at causing a real public health impact. For our laboratory to offer pharma/biotech companies support for their projects with the highest quality possible biospecimens we adopted the Best Biobanking Practices from ISBER (https://www.isber.org/). Methods: As a result of the pandemics, great effort has been dedicated to help the health ecosystem through a diagnostic service for SARS CoV-2 (by RT-PCR). Emphasis was put on proper sample collection, preanalytical characterization, and storage in ultra-low freezers. Their pre-analytical characterization included determining yield and purity by spectrophotometry using the NanoDropTM 2000 (Thermo-Fisher. Mexico City, Mexico). Results: We biobanked and supplied to internal (our Genetics laboratory) and external (validation protocols of pharma/biotech international companies) clients almost 2,000 RNA samples. Given the preanalytical qualification of the biospecimens, they performed satisfactorily for our clients’ diagnostic and innovation protocols needs. Conclusions: The biobanking services provided to both our diagnostic laboratory and to pharma/biotech companies that contracted our services delivered research materials of the highest quality. Being a private biobank recognized now nationally and internationally by public and private institutions has allowed us to participate in projects evaluating innovative diagnostics methods and devices

Elaboración de un programa de hábitos de estudios para elevar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la escuela fiscal mixta, Cuidad de Machachi, en el periodo lectivo 2012- 2013.

This research was aimed at developing a program of study habits, to thereby raise the academic achievement of students at “Cuidad de Machachi” Mix Fiscal School” during academic year 2012-2013. This research was conducted with the goal to encourage teachers and parents to encourage the practice of study habits. These directly affect our in society and especially in children education. Study habits are the best and most powerful predictor of academic success. In Chapter I, we present the theoretical foundation, background, fundamental categories and everything related to study habits. During the process of Chapter II, three instruments used were: the survey in which clearly noticed the lack of knowledge about study habits in teachers and parents. In the interview, Mr. Chief cleared some doubts on this issue. In addition, we used the observation sheet with children, it was noted the urgent need to promote study habits. This encouraged us to develop a program which contains strategies, techniques, plans, activities, comprehensive reading, among others. This will help teachers and parents to promote study habits in children. With all the information we have obtained full assurance that our program can be used as they saw fit more in all educational institutions of the country.El presente trabajo investigativo tuvo como finalidad la elaboración de un programa de hábitos de estudios, para de esta manera elevar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de la Escuela Fiscal Mixta “Cuidad de Machachi” en el periodo lectivo 2012- 2013. Esta investigación se ha realizado con el propósito de incentivar a los maestros y padres de familia a fomentar la práctica de hábitos de estudio ya que estos influyen directamente en nuestra sociedad y de manera especial en la educación de los niños. Los hábitos de estudio son el mejor y más potente predictor del éxito académico. En el capítulo I damos a conocer la fundamentación teórica, antecedentes, categorías fundamentales y todo lo referente a los hábitos de estudio. Durante el proceso del Capítulo II se utilizó tres instrumentos que fueron: la encuesta en la donde se notó claramente la falta de conocimiento sobre hábitos de estudio en los maestros y padres de familia. Con la entrevista al Sr. Director se despejó algunas dudas sobre este problema. Además, se utilizó la ficha de observación con los niños y niñas; se pudo notar la necesidad urgente de fomentar hábitos de estudio. Todo esto nos incentivó a elaborar un programa el cual contiene estrategias, técnicas, planificaciones, actividades, lecturas comprensivas, entre otras. Esto ayudará a los maestros y padres de familia a promover los hábitos de estudio en los niños y niñas. Con todo la información obtenida tenemos la plena seguridad que nuestro programa podrá ser utilizado como más lo creyeran conveniente en todas las unidades educativas del paí

Correlation between Ct-values and symptoms of COVID-19 patients

Background: Currently available RT-PCR methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 can give an estimate of the viral load. The cycle threshold value (Ct-value) of the PCR correlates inversely with the viral load; low Ct-values indicate high viral loads and vice versa. Higher viral loads have been seen to correlate with disease severity and infectivity. Therefore, we studied the correlation of the Ct-value of RT-PCR and the most common symptoms of COVID-19 individually. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was carried out with the subjects that attended our laboratory for a COVID-19 test from September 14, 2020, to January 30, 2021. Subjects filled out a questionnaire with demographic and clinical information prior to taking the naso and oropharyngeal samples. The samples were processed by Vircell SARS-CoV-2 Real-time PCR Kit (Granada, Spain). Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software. Results: We included 657 positive subjects with complete information, with a median age of 36 (27-47) and a male predominance of 477 (72.6%). Of these, 395 (60.1%) were symptomatic and the median number of symptoms was 2 (0-5). The most predominant symptoms were headache 271 (68.6%), cough 229 (58%), and myalgias 180 (45.6%). The median Ct-value for gene N was 30 (23-36) and for gene E was 31 (23-35). In comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, asymptomatic patients had a higher Ct-value (lower viral load) in both genes and a lower age (p Conclusions: The viral load correlates with symptoms within COVID-19, having found that higher viral loads were correlated with symptoms such as headache, cough, and fever, while lower viral loads were correlated with dyspnea, diarrhea, and alterations of smell or taste senses

Ensemble of one-class classifiers for personal risk detection based on wearable sensor data

This study introduces the One-Class K-means with Randomly-projected features Algorithm (OCKRA). OCKRA is an ensemble of one-class classifiers built over multiple projections of a dataset according to random feature subsets. Algorithms found in the literature spread over a wide range of applications where ensembles of one-class classifiers have been satisfactorily applied; however, none is oriented to the area under our study: personal risk detection. OCKRA has been designed with the aim of improving the detection performance in the problem posed by the Personal RIsk DEtection(PRIDE) dataset. PRIDE was built based on 23 test subjects, where the data for each user were captured using a set of sensors embedded in a wearable band. The performance of OCKRA was compared against support vector machine and three versions of the Parzen window classifier. On average, experimental results show that OCKRA outperformed the other classifiers for at least 0.53% of the area under the curve (AUC). In addition, OCKRA achieved an AUC above 90% for more than 57% of the users

Simulation of Marine Towing Cable Dynamics Using a Finite Elements Method

A numerical model to study the towing maneuver for floating and submerged bodies has been developed. The proposed model is based on the dynamic study of a catenary line moving between two bodies, one body with imposed motion, and the other free to move. The model improves previous models used to study the behavior of mooring systems based on a finite element method by reducing the noise of the numerical results considering the Rayleigh springs model for the tension of the line. The code was successfully validated using experimental results for experimental data from different authors and experiments found in the literature. Sensitivity analysis on the internal damping coefficient and the number of elements has been included in the present work, showing the importance of the internal damping coefficient. As an example of the application of the developed tool, simulations of towing systems on a real scale were analyzed for different setups. The variation of the loads at the towed body and the position of the body were analyzed for the studied configurations. The reasonable results allow us to say that the proposed model is a useful tool with several applications to towing system design, study or optimizationThe authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness for funding ACOPLE- Analysis of the dynamic behavior of floating wind platforms for design optimization in deep waters (ENE2017-89716-R), within the National Programme for Research, Development and Innovation Aimed at the Challenges of Society (Call 2017). Raúl Guanche also acknowledges financial support from the Ramon y Cajal Program (RYC-2017-23260) of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities

Investigación documental de modelo de logística aplicado a la empresa Avianca - Deprisa

En el presente ESTADO DEL ARTE acerca de la de INVESTIGACION DOCUMENTAL DE MODELO DE LOGISTICA APLICADO A LA EMPRESA AVIANCA DEPRISA , se retomaron 50 investigaciones entre el periodo de 1997 y 2015, teniendo en cuanta la formulación de la s política s pública acerca de l transporte a nivel naci onal como internacional, con esto lo que se buscó Identificar el conocimiento producido y publicado alrededor del problema de logística del transporte carretero de en Colombia; con el ánimo de comprender lo que se ha estudiado y a través de esto identifica r cuáles son los alcances y limitaciones del tema. A través de lo mencionado anteriormente se presentan los resultados y las recomendaciones que pueden orientar el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones de profesionales en comercio exteriorLista de tablas 1 INTRODUCCIÓN 2 RESUMEN ABSTRAC 3 OBJETIVOS OBJETIVO GENERAL OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 4 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 5 MARCO HISTÓRICO 6 APORTE INVESTIGATIVO 7 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 8 DIAGNOSTICO LOGÍSTICO 9 CARACTERISTICAS DE LA EMPRESA 9.1 DIAGRAMA LOGÍSTICO DEPRISA 9.2 DIAGRAMA SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGMENT DEPRISA 9.3 ESTRUCTURA DE GESTIÓN LOGISTICA DE DEPRISA (INSTRUMENTO 1) III ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL 9.4CARACTERÍSTICAS Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LAS COMPRAS EN LA EMPRESA 9.5SISTEMA DE APROVISIONAMIENTO 9.6MANEJO DE PROVEEDORES Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES COSTO, ADQUISICIÓN, CALIDAD DEL PRODUCTO, SISTEMA DE NEGOCIACIÓN Y PAGOS, ELABORACIÓN DE PEDIDOS 9.7SISTEMA DE ALMACENAMIENTO 9.8MANEJO DE STOCK DE INVENTARIOS DE FORMA TÉCNICA 9.9DESCRIPCIÓN SISTEMA MRP 9.10DESCRIPCION DEL SISTEMA MPS 9.11Sistema de Picking 9.12Sistema de despachos 9.13SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCION 9.14SERVICIOS LOGISTICOS QUE TERCERIZAN 9.15CANALES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN 9.16INDICADORES DE CADENA LOGISTICA 9.17INDICADORES CADENA DE ABASTECIMIENTO F3 FAMILIA DE PRODUCTOS COMERCIALIZADOS F4 Datos de mercado y canales de distribución F41Mercado (datos Estimados) F5 Sistemas de aprovisionamiento F51 sistemas de aprovisionamiento F6 Proceso de entrada en almacenes F7 Tratamiento de pedidos de clientes F8 ALMACENAMIENTO Y DISTRIBUCION FISICA F9 ANALISIS DE LA CADENA LOGISTICA Ilustración 9informe bogota total productos comercializados (documentos)PregradoProfesional en Comercio InternacionalComercio Internaciona

Lectura de contexto y abordaje psicosocial desde los enfoques narrativos Corozal, Valledupar.

En el presente documento se dará a conocer el caso de Carlos Arturo Bravo un joven que a la edad de 14 años se vio afectada su vida por una granada de fusil de las FARC, la cual fue abandonada y no se había activado hasta el momento. Nuestro papel en el siguiente caso es el de encontrar los factores psicosociales que se desencadenaron en la determinada situación, afectando al protagonista y a sus seres cercanos, nuestra capacidad de análisis y habilidad para desarrollar preguntas son puestas en marcha en la siguiente actividad, no solo en el caso de Carlos Arturo, sino que también en la presentación de estrategias psicosociales para el caso de Pandurí una población afectada por el conflicto armado.In the present document, the case of Carlos Arturo Bravo, a young man who at the age of 14 years his life was affected by a FARC rifle grenade, which was abandoned and had not been activated until now, will be announced. Our role in the following case is to find the psychosocial factors that were unleashed in the determined situation, affecting the protagonist and his close ones, our capacity for analysis and ability to develop questions are set in motion in the following activity, not only in the case of Carlos Arturo, but also in the presentation of psychosocial strategies for the case of Pandurí a population affected by the armed conflict