Evaluation de la qualité de prise en charge des patients tuberculeux en médecine interne (une étude rétrospective de 40 cas)

Après un rappel épidémiologique sur la tuberculose et un rappel sur les recommandations actuelles concernant la surveillance du patient sous traitement antituberculeux, nous rapportons le suivi de 40 patients dans un service de médecine interne. Notre but a été l'évaluation de la qualité de prise en charge de ces patients afin de pouvoir apporter des améliorations dans le suivi. La moitié de nos patients ont une sérologie VIH positive et la majorité provient de pays à forte endémie de tuberculose. Les faiblesses du suivi concernent la sous-déclaration des cas, l'insuffisance de la surveillance bactériologique pour les tuberculoses pulmonaires bacillifères et le manque d'information des issues de traitement des patients transférés. L'amélioration de ces données devrait permettre d'atteindre l'objectif fixé par l'OMS de 85% d'issue de traitement satisfaisantTuberculosis epidemiology and current recommendations about surveillance of patients under tuberculosis treatment are first reminded. Then, we report a treatment supervision trial of 40 patients. In our trial, half our patients are positive for HIV and most of them are immigrants. The results point out a lack in notification of diagnosed cases, in bacteriology surveillance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and in treatment outcome data of transferred patients. The improvement of these data should allow to reach the cure rate target of 85% fixed by the WHOPARIS12-CRETEIL BU Médecine (940282101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prévention de la radicalisation violente en milieu scolaire : l’impact de la pièce de théâtre Qui a tué Freebird ?

Cet article rend compte de l’impact de la pièce « Qui a tué Freebird? », du Théâtre Parminou, sur les perceptions et les attitudes des jeunes et du personnel scolaire face à la radicalisation violente. Partant d’une méthodologie mixte, cet article révèle des différences régionales significatives au niveau des perceptions des jeunes et montre que la pièce a fait évoluer certaines attitudes. Les résultats suggèrent que la pièce a partiellement atteint ses objectifs en sensibilisant les jeunes et les acteurs scolaires à certains des risques associés aux mouvances extrémistes. Ils illustrent aussi qu’une complexification de la figure de l’étranger est possible au travers d’activités qui déconstruisent les stéréotypes et que les stratégies de prévention doivent viser les représentations régionales spécifiques.This article reports on the evaluation of the impact of the play Who killed Freebird?, performed by Théâtre Parminou, on students and school personnel. Using a mixed-methods approach, our results reveal significant regional differences in participants’ perceptions and show that the play has the potential to change specific attitudes towards violent radicalization. Findings suggest that the play partially achieved its objectives by raising awareness among youth and school personnel about some of the risks associated with extremist movements. They also suggest that a complexification of the figure of the foreigner is possible through activities that deconstruct stereotypes. Prevention strategies must target specific regional representations

Diatom succession, silicification and silicic acid availability in Belgian coastal waters (Southern North Sea)

The significance of silicon in the diatom bloom dynamics of eutrophicated Belgian coastal waters (Southern Bight of the North Sea) was assessed by investigating diatom species succession and silicification level (Si:C) in relation with environmental control during an annual cycle from early February to mid-December 1995. The Si:C of natural diatom communities was determined by 2 methods. The measurement of biogenic silica after alkaline digestion of particulate material and the estimate of diatom carbon biomass derived from microscope observations were performed on weekly samples from Stn 330 in Belgian coastal waters. Alternatively, parallel 24 h kinetics experiments of 32Si uptake and 14C incorporation into proteins, as an index of phytoplankton biomass production, into diatom-dominated natural communities were conducted in simulated natural conditions. The seasonal pattern of diatom growth was characterised by 3 diatom assemblages dominated by respectively small colonial species, Chaetoceros spp.-Schroederella sp. and Rhizosolenia spp. The colonial haptophyte Phaeocystis bloomed for 2 mo, co-occurring with the 2 latter diatom communities. The 3 diatom assemblages were characterised by distinct Si:C with values varying from 0.80 to 0.05 during the growing season. The Si:C of the blooming assemblages are discussed with respect to inter- and intra-specific variations based on changes in ambient controlling factors (nutrient, light and temperature) and compared with information available from the literature for individual diatom species. The results suggest that silicic acid availability controls the Si:C of the main diatom assemblages. This is supported by the positive relationship between the diatom Si:C and silicic acid concentrations. We conclude that silicic acid availability is an important factor in the selection of diatom species, shaping the diatom succession in temperate coastal waters.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Why choose geriatric medicine? A national survey among French postgraduate medical students

International audienceSince 2017, geriatric medicine has been available as a postgraduate specialty to French year 7 medical students. We investigated the incentives of the 171 French medical students who opted for geriatric medicine as a postgraduate specialty subsequent to year 6 national qualifying examinations in 2017. A prospective quantitative survey-based study was conducted by means of a questionnaire compiled online and sent by email between December 2017 and May 2018. The questionnaire comprised 43 questions, including 14 single or multiple choice questions, 28 scaled questions evaluating factors of influence using a 5-point Likert scale, and one open-ended contingency question. Of the 171 students, 139 responses were received. The national response rate to this questionnaire was 81.2%. One hundred fourteen students (82.6%) had previous experience of training in geriatric medicine, which for 95 (84.0%) students took place between years 3 and 6 of medical training. This training influenced the choice of 102 respondents (90.2%). Factors reported as having exerted a strong or very strong influence were in particular the rewards of working with older adults; positive personal encounters with older adults in the past; the appeal of interprofessional teamwork; the challenge of cases involving complex diagnostic and therapeutic decisions; the challenge of patients with chronic conditions. The present study is the first to focus on the reasons why French students choose to specialise in geriatric medicine. The results emphasise the importance of training programs in geriatric medicine to promote enthusiasm for this specialty

THE CONTRIBUTION OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN STRAINS TO THE PHYLOGENY OF CYANOBACTERIA: FOCUSING ON THE NOSTOCACEAE (NOSTOCALES, CYANOBACTERIA)1

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Investigation into the illegal killing of a tagged Eurasian Curlew

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Myeloperoxidase-Oxidized LDLs Enhance an Anti-Inflammatory M2 and Antioxidant Phenotype in Murine Macrophages

Macrophages and oxidized LDLs play a key role in atherogenesis but their heterogeneity has been neglected up to now. Macrophages are prone to polarization and subsets of polarized macrophages have been described in atheromas. LDLs can be oxidized not only chemically by copper (Ox-LDLs) but also enzymatically by myeloperoxidase (MpOx-LDLs) resulting in oxidized LDLs poor in lipid peroxides. The effects of physiologically relevant myeloperoxidase-oxidized LDLs on macrophage polarization or on polarized macrophages remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of LDLs on macrophage polarization were investigated by monitoring the expression of M1 and M2 genes following stimulation with native LDLs, Ox-LDLs, or MpOx-LDLs in RAW 264.7 cells. Except for MRC1, which is induced only by Ox-LDLs, MpOx-LDLs induced an overexpression of most of the selected marker genes at the mRNA level. MpOx-LDLs also modulate marker gene expression in polarized macrophages favoring notably anti-inflammatory Arg1 expression in M2 cells and also in the other phenotypes. Noteworthy, MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate lipids intracellularly in (un)polarized macrophages whatever the phenotype. These data were largely confirmed in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data suggest that MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate within cells and to enhance an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenotype in M2 cells and also in the other macrophage phenotypes.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In vivo silencing of Reptin blocks the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma in xenografts and is associated with replicative senescence.: Reptin silencing blocks liver cancer progression

International audienceBACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously showed that Reptin is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and that in vitro depletion of Reptin with siRNAs led to HCC cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Here, we asked whether in vivo targeting of Reptin in established tumours had a therapeutic effect. METHODS: We used lentiviral vectors to construct HuH7 and Hep3B cell lines with doxycycline (Dox)-dependent expression of Reptin (R2) or control shRNA (GL2). Cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice, and Dox was given when tumours reached a volume of 250 mm(3). RESULTS: In vitro, the growth of GL2-Dox, GL2+Dox, and R2-Dox cells was undistinguishable whereas that of R2+Dox cells stopped 4 days after Dox treatment. The growth decrease was associated with increased apoptosis, and evidence of replicative senescence, as shown by staining for acid beta-galactosidase and the presence of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. In xenografted mice, R2+Dox tumour growth stagnated or even regressed with prolonged treatment in contrast with the GL2-Dox, GL2+Dox, and R2-Dox tumours that progressed steadily. The blockage of tumour progression was associated with the induction of senescence and reduced cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo Reptin depletion leads to tumour growth arrest. Reptin may prove a valuable target in HCC