TRANSTENSIVE ORIGIN OF THE ENCADENADAS-VALLIMANCA CORRIDOR (BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA): A REVISION AND A NEW PROPOSAL FROM SATELLITE IMAGES: Origem transtensiva do Corredor Encadenadas-Vallimanca (Buenos Aires, Argentina): uma revisão e uma nova proposta a partir de imagens de satélite

The Encadenadas-Vallimanca Corridor (EVC) corresponds to a morphostructural linear feature defining the northern boundary of the Sierra de la Ventana and Tandil hills in the Buenos Aires province. The scarcity of concluding geological studies has resulted in diverse tectonic and hydrographic interpretations regarding the genesis of the corridor. A new analysis of surface morphology, mainly derived from satellite imagery, led to the identification of a series of gentle and elongated en échelon left-stepping relief features or ridges with cross-sectional asymmetric flanks, having an average length of 20 km and oriented sub-latitudinally at 20° to the ENE strike of the corridor. The arrangement of these ridges reminds a tectonic scenario of right-lateral transcurrent faulting, for which, the limiting parallel faults fulfill the function of synthetic Riedel type shear. Besides, the cross-sectional asymmetry of the ridges suggests extensional normal faulting coherent with a transtensional right-lateral flower structure. Shallow seismicity of Mw 4.0 registered by the year 2016 in the proximities of the lineament could suggest recent fault activity. Also, previous gravity potential field mapping in the area seems to highlight basement anomalies underneath the sedimentary cover, coinciding with the main lineament of the Corridor. Based on all this information, the EVC is considered to be the surface expression of dextral transtensional fault activity.El Corredor Encadenadas-Vallimanca (EVC) corresponde a una característica lineal morfoestructural que define el límite norte de la Sierra de la Ventana y las colinas de Tandil en la provincia de Buenos Aires. La escasez de concluir estudios geológicos ha dado lugar a diversas interpretaciones tectónicas e hidrográficas con respecto a la génesis del corredor. Un nuevo análisis de la morfología de la superficie, derivado principalmente de imágenes satelitales, condujo a la identificación de una serie de características o crestas de relieve escalonadas suaves y alargadas en escalón con flancos asimétricos de sección transversal, que tienen una longitud promedio de 20 km y orientación sub -latitudinalmente a 20 ° a la huelga ENE del corredor. La disposición de estas crestas recuerda un escenario tectónico de fallas transcurrentes en el lado derecho, para las cuales las fallas paralelas limitantes cumplen la función de corte sintético tipo Riedel. Además, la asimetría de la sección transversal de las crestas sugiere fallas extensionales normales coherentes con una estructura floral transtensional lateral derecha. La sismicidad superficial de Mw 4.0 registrada para el año 2016 en las proximidades del lineamiento podría sugerir actividad de falla reciente. Además, el mapeo de campo potencial de gravedad anterior en el área parece resaltar las anomalías del sótano debajo de la cubierta sedimentaria, coincidiendo con el lineamiento principal del Corredor. En base a toda esta información, el EVC se considera la expresión superficial de la actividad de falla transtensional dextral.O corredor Encadenadas-Vallimanca (EVC) corresponde a uma característica linear morfoestrutural que define o limite norte das montanhas Sierra de la Ventana e Tandil, na província de Buenos Aires. A escassez de concluir estudos geológicos resultou em diversas interpretações tectônicas e hidrográficas sobre a gênese do corredor. Uma nova análise da morfologia da superfície, derivada principalmente de imagens de satélite, levou à identificação de uma série de características ou sulcos suaves e alongados de relevo em échelon, com flancos assimétricos de seção transversal, com um comprimento médio de 20 km e submarinos orientados -latitudinalmente a 20 ° em relação à batida ENE do corredor. O arranjo dessas cordilheiras lembra um cenário tectônico de falha por corrente contínua lateral direita, para a qual as falhas paralelas limitantes cumprem a função de cisalhamento sintético do tipo Riedel. Além disso, a assimetria de seção transversal das cristas sugere falha normal extensional coerente com uma estrutura de flor lateral direita e transtensional. A sismicidade rasa de Mw 4.0 registrada até o ano de 2016 nas proximidades do lineament pode sugerir atividade recente de falha. Além disso, o mapeamento de campo potencial potencial gravitacional anterior na área parece destacar anomalias no subsolo sob a cobertura sedimentar, coincidindo com o principal lineamento do corredor. Com base em todas essas informações, o EVC é considerado a expressão superficial da atividade de falha transtensional dextral

Gigaspermum mouretti Corb. en las Islas Baleares

We quote Gigaspermum mouretii Corb. form the first time in Balearic Island. To this moment these island represent the northern limit in the distribution area for this species. We also present a detailed description of its sporophyte, as well as some data concerning the substrate where it lives, suggesting a preference for decarbonated soils with a relatively high nutrient content.We quote Gigaspermum mouretii Corb. form the first time in Balearic Island. To this moment these island represent the northern limit in the distribution area for this species. We also present a detailed description of its sporophyte, as well as some data concerning the substrate where it lives, suggesting a preference for decarbonated soils with a relatively high nutrient content

An overview of carbohydrate-based carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes responsible for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, a fundamental reaction involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In the last decades, CAs have been considered as important drug targets for different pathologies such as glaucoma, epilepsy and cancer. The design of potent and selective inhibitors has been an outstanding goal leading to the discovery of new drugs. Among the different strategies developed to date, the design of carbohydrate-based CA inhibitors (CAIs) has emerged as a versatile tool in order to selectively target CAs. The insertion of a glycosyl moiety as a hydrophilic tail in sulfonamide, sulfenamide, sulfamate or coumarin scaffolds allowed the discovery of many different series of sugar-based CAIs, with relevant inhibitory results. This review will focus on carbohydrate-based CAIs developed so far, classifying them in glycosidic and glycoconjugated inhibitors based on the conjugation chemistry adopted

Pomegranate: A Source of Multifunctional Bioactive Compounds Potentially Beneficial in Alzheimer’s Disease

Pomegranate fruit (PF) is a fruit rich in nutraceuticals. Nonedible parts of the fruit, especially peels, contain high amounts of bioactive components that have been largely used in traditional medicine, such as the Chinese, Unani, and Ayurvedic ones, for treating several diseases. Polyphenols such as anthocyanins, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans are the major bioactive molecules present in PF. Therefore, PF is considered a source of natural multifunctional agents that exert simultaneously antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and neuroprotective activities. Recently, several studies have reported that the nutraceuticals contained in PF (seed, peel, and juice) have a potential beneficial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research suggests that the neuroprotective effect of PF is mostly due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which contribute to attenuate the neuroinflammation associated with AD. Despite the numerous works conducted on PF, to date the mechanism by which PF acts in combatting AD is not completely known. Here, we summarize all the recent findings (in vitro and in vivo studies) related to the positive effects that PF and its bioactive components can have in the neurodegeneration processes occurring during AD. Moreover, considering the high biotransformation characteristics of the nutraceuticals present in PF, we propose to consider the chemical structure of its active metabolites as a source of inspiration to design new molecules with the same beneficial effects but less prone to be affected by the metabolic degradation process

Developments in carbohydrate-based metzincin inhibitors

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and A disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAMs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases belonging to the metzincin superfamily. Upregulation of metzincin activity is a major feature in many serious pathologies such as cancer, inflammations, and infections. In the last decades, many classes of small molecules have been developed directed to inhibit these enzymes. The principal shortcomings that have hindered clinical development of metzincin inhibitors are low selectivity for the target enzyme, poor water solubility, and long-term toxicity. Over the last 15 years, a novel approach to improve solubility and bioavailability of metzincin inhibitors has been the synthesis of carbohydrate-based compounds. This strategy consists of linking a hydrophilic sugar moiety to an aromatic lipophilic scaffold. This review aims to describe the development of sugar-based and azasugar-based derivatives as metzincin inhibitors and their activity in several pathological models

Skeletal imaging of child abuse (non-accidental injury)

In recent years there has been a worldwide increased awareness that children are physically abused by their carers. Radiologists play a vital role in the detection of inflicted injuries. This article reviews the skeletal imaging findings seen in child abus