Use of slate to built swine nursery cells: II - thermal environment and noise evaluation

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o ambiente t?rmico e o ru?do em celas de maternidade para su?nos com divis?rias de alvenaria ou com rochas de ard?sia. Para as medidas das vari?veis de conforto t?rmico e de ru?dos, utilizaram-se de term?metros e decibel?metro. No interior das celas e para a an?lise estat?stica, foram usados doze matrizes e cento e trinta e nove leit?es, distribu?dos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostraram que, no per?odo da manh?, em ambos os tratamentos, as condi??es de conforto t?rmico foram mais adequadas para as matrizes, enquanto no per?odo da tarde, mais adequadas para os leit?es; com rela??o ao ru?do, este foi menor nas celas de alvenaria. De forma geral, o ambiente no interior das celas constru?das em ard?sia apresentou umidade relativa mais baixa, e ITGU e temperatura mais elevada que as celas constru?das em alvenaria. O n?vel de ru?dos permaneceu dentro dos limites considerados ideais para su?nos em ambos os tratamentos.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thermal environment and noise levels in swine farrowing cells built with masonry or slate. Thermometers and sound level meter equipment were used to measure the thermal comfort variables. Inside the cells and for the statistical analysis, twelve sows and one hundred thirty-nine piglets were used, distributed in a randomized blocks design in a split-plot arrangement. The results showed that in the morning, in both treatments, the thermal comfort conditions were more suitable for sows, while in the afternoon it was more suitable for piglets. The noise was lower in the masonry cells. Overall, the environment inside in the cells built with slate presented lower relative humidity and, higher BGHI and temperature than those built with masonry. The noise level remained within the thresholds considered as ideal for swine in both treatments

The use of slate in the building of swine farrowing stalls: I -effect on the environment and the swine behaviour

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o uso da ard?sia na constru??o de celas de maternidade, sendo monitoradas 12 matrizes e 139 leit?es em celas confeccionadas de alvenaria e ard?sia (tratamentos). Imagens digitais foram avaliadas por meio de dois etogramas. As vari?veis ambientais foram registradas ?s 9 h e 15 h. O desempenho dos leit?es foi determinado pelo peso ao nascimento e ? desmama, ganho de peso di?rio e final. Na cela de alvenaria, os leit?es passaram menos tempo mamando (25,62%) e mais no escamoteador (38,91%) que aqueles mantidos na cela de ard?sia (29,22% mamando e 24,90% no escamoteador). As vari?veis ambientais e os ?ndices de conforto mostraram que o microclima na cela de ard?sia apresentou-se mais confort?vel aos leit?es, enquanto aquele em alvenaria foi mais confort?vel ?s matrizes. Os leit?es mantidos nas celas de alvenaria apresentaram ganho de peso di?rio semelhante aos alojados em celas de ard?sia (P<0,05). Os comportamentos das matrizes foram semelhantes em ambos os tipos de cela, apresentando maior frequ?ncia do comportamento deitado. A ard?sia pode ser uma alternativa vantajosa ? alvenaria na constru??o de celas no setor de maternidade para su?nos, por apresentar maior impermeabilidade, facilidade de limpeza e desinfec??o.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)It was aimed with the present study to evaluate the use of slate in the construction of farrowing stalls. Twelve sows and one hundred thirty nine piglets were monitored in cell built with masonry and slate (treatments). Digital images were evaluated through two ethogram. The environmental variants were evaluated at 9 am and 3 pm. The piglets' performance was determinated by birth and weaning weights, and daily and final weight gains. At the masonry cell the piglets spent less time nursing (25.62%) and more in the creep (38.91%) than those kept in the slate cell (29.22% nursing and 24.90% in the creep). And the environmental variants and comfort index showed that the microclimate into the slate cell was more comfortable to piglets, while that around the masonry was more comfortable to sows. The piglets kept in the masonry cell presented daily weight gain similar to the ones housed in the slate cell (P <0.05). The sows' behaviors were similar in both types of cell, showing higher frequency of the laying behavior. Slate can be an advantageous alternative to masonry construction of cell in the field of farrowing housing for swine, due to its higher impermeability, easy for cleaning and disinfection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Uso de ardósia na construção de celas de maternidade para suínos: II - ambiente térmico e avaliação dos ruídos Use of slate to built swine nursery cells: II - thermal environment and noise evaluation

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o ambiente térmico e o ruído em celas de maternidade para suínos com divisórias de alvenaria ou com rochas de ardósia. Para as medidas das variáveis de conforto térmico e de ruídos, utilizaram-se de termômetros e decibelímetro. No interior das celas e para a análise estatística, foram usados doze matrizes e cento e trinta e nove leitões, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostraram que, no período da manhã, em ambos os tratamentos, as condições de conforto térmico foram mais adequadas para as matrizes, enquanto no período da tarde, mais adequadas para os leitões; com relação ao ruído, este foi menor nas celas de alvenaria. De forma geral, o ambiente no interior das celas construídas em ardósia apresentou umidade relativa mais baixa, e ITGU e temperatura mais elevada que as celas construídas em alvenaria. O nível de ruídos permaneceu dentro dos limites considerados ideais para suínos em ambos os tratamentos.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thermal environment and noise levels in swine farrowing cells built with masonry or slate. Thermometers and sound level meter equipment were used to measure the thermal comfort variables. Inside the cells and for the statistical analysis, twelve sows and one hundred thirty-nine piglets were used, distributed in a randomized blocks design in a split-plot arrangement. The results showed that in the morning, in both treatments, the thermal comfort conditions were more suitable for sows, while in the afternoon it was more suitable for piglets. The noise was lower in the masonry cells. Overall, the environment inside in the cells built with slate presented lower relative humidity and, higher BGHI and temperature than those built with masonry. The noise level remained within the thresholds considered as ideal for swine in both treatments

Effects of maternal artificial vocalization on hyperprolific lactating sows and piglets behavior

Abstract The objective of this trial was to evaluate the behavioral patterns and performance of lactating sows and their litters under the effect of artificial vocalization. Twenty-eight sows and their litters were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial scheme (artificial vocalization x lactation week). The behavior of the animals was monitored during 24 hours on the 7th and 15th days of lactation, analyzing the number, interval, and frequency of nursings. The body condition and performance of the sows were also evaluated. Artificial vocalization promoted higher frequencies of eating for sow and nursing for piglets (P 0.05). The use of maternal artificial vocalization during lactation of sows promoted greater lactation efficiency and longer rest time, favoring the sows’ welfare