9 research outputs found

    Tant qu'il y aura des "profanes"... dans la gestion des risques littoraux : le cas de l'Ă©rosion marine Ă  Lacanau

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    National audienceGoverning practices in French coastal risk management still tend to prioritize expert knowledge in the taking of decisions. Indeed, this policy domain persistently depends upon settled assumptions that local citizens either lack knowledge about risk or are likely to reason on the basis of their emotions and in the short-term. Consequently, they are frequently excluded from decisional arenas making adaptation choices, such as coastal planned retreat. We argue that this kind of policy making rests upon what is called the “public deficit model” in the public understanding of science, and that this model is constantly renewed by some dominant actors despite participatory principles. Based on a questionnaire survey carried out with over 500 individuals (inhabitants, professionals and tourists) in Lacanau, Aquitaine coastline, during the summer of 2013, we found that, on the contrary, citizens have extensive knowledge about coastal erosion and associated issues. Moreover, their knowledge maps onto that held by scientists. Not only do they know about coastal erosion, but they can articulate their knowledge in synthetic ways and envisage long-term solutions to problems. Arguments for their exclusion based on lack of knowledge or perception biases cannot therefore be sustained. Our findings thus go towards removing one of the institutional obstacles blocking change towards participatory governance for risk management.Cet article part du constat selon lequel les pratiques et les discours actuels en matiĂšre de gestion des risques littoraux relĂšvent encore prioritairement de modes de gestion fondĂ©s sur les « savoirs experts ». Il interroge alors la validitĂ© du « modĂšle du dĂ©ficit » qui sous-tend cette approche et qui prĂ©suppose, en l’absence d’une information et d’une communication officielles idoines, un public peu averti et peu rationnel face aux risques. Issu d’une enquĂȘte par questionnaire rĂ©alisĂ©e durant l’étĂ© 2013 sur les reprĂ©sentations sociales liĂ©es Ă  l’érosion marine Ă  Lacanau en Aquitaine, il dĂ©montre d’une part que ce dĂ©ficit supposĂ© en connaissances scientifiques n’est pas vĂ©rifiĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et d’autre part qu’une sensibilitĂ© et une rĂ©flexivitĂ© au sujet de l’érosion et des enjeux affĂ©rents existent au-delĂ  des seules actions institutionnelles d’information et de sensibilisation. La conclusion revient sur quelques implications pratiques et politiques de ces rĂ©sultats pour la gestion des risques littoraux

    Tant qu’il y aura des « profanes »  dans la gestion des risques littoraux

    No full text
    Governing practices in French coastal risk management still tend to prioritize expert knowledge in the taking of decisions. Indeed, this policy domain persistently depends upon settled assumptions that local citizens either lack knowledge about risk or are likely to reason on the basis of their emotions and in the short-term. Consequently, they are frequently excluded from decisional arenas making adaptation choices, such as coastal planned retreat. We argue that this kind of policy making rests upon what is called the “public deficit model” in the public understanding of science, and that this model is constantly renewed by some dominant actors despite participatory principles. Based on a questionnaire survey carried out with over 500 individuals (inhabitants, professionals and tourists) in Lacanau, Aquitaine coastline, during the summer of 2013, we found that, on the contrary, citizens have extensive knowledge about coastal erosion and associated issues. Moreover, their knowledge maps onto that held by scientists. Not only do they know about coastal erosion, but they can articulate their knowledge in synthetic ways and envisage long-term solutions to problems. Arguments for their exclusion based on lack of knowledge or perception biases cannot therefore be sustained. Our findings thus go towards removing one of the institutional obstacles blocking change towards participatory governance for risk management

    Tant qu’il y aura des « profanes »  dans la gestion des risques littoraux

    No full text
    Cet article part du constat selon lequel les pratiques et les discours actuels en matiĂšre de gestion des risques littoraux relĂšvent encore prioritairement de modes de gestion fondĂ©s sur les « savoirs experts ». Il interroge alors la validitĂ© du « modĂšle du dĂ©ficit » qui sous-tend cette approche et qui prĂ©suppose, en l’absence d’une information et d’une communication officielles idoines, un public peu averti et peu rationnel face aux risques. Issu d’une enquĂȘte par questionnaire rĂ©alisĂ©e durant l’été 2013 sur les reprĂ©sentations sociales liĂ©es Ă  l’érosion marine Ă  Lacanau en Aquitaine, il dĂ©montre d’une part que ce dĂ©ficit supposĂ© en connaissances scientifiques n’est pas vĂ©rifiĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et d’autre part qu’une sensibilitĂ© et une rĂ©flexivitĂ© au sujet de l’érosion et des enjeux affĂ©rents existent au-delĂ  des seules actions institutionnelles d’information et de sensibilisation. La conclusion revient sur quelques implications pratiques et politiques de ces rĂ©sultats pour la gestion des risques littoraux.Governing practices in French coastal risk management still tend to prioritize expert knowledge in the taking of decisions. Indeed, this policy domain persistently depends upon settled assumptions that local citizens either lack knowledge about risk or are likely to reason on the basis of their emotions and in the short-term. Consequently, they are frequently excluded from decisional arenas making adaptation choices, such as coastal planned retreat. We argue that this kind of policy making rests upon what is called the “public deficit model” in the public understanding of science, and that this model is constantly renewed by some dominant actors despite participatory principles. Based on a questionnaire survey carried out with over 500 individuals (inhabitants, professionals and tourists) in Lacanau, Aquitaine coastline, during the summer of 2013, we found that, on the contrary, citizens have extensive knowledge about coastal erosion and associated issues. Moreover, their knowledge maps onto that held by scientists. Not only do they know about coastal erosion, but they can articulate their knowledge in synthetic ways and envisage long-term solutions to problems. Arguments for their exclusion based on lack of knowledge or perception biases cannot therefore be sustained. Our findings thus go towards removing one of the institutional obstacles blocking change towards participatory governance for risk management

    Identification by high throughput screening of small compounds inhibiting the nucleic acid destabilization activity of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein

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    Due to its highly conserved zinc fingers and its nucleic acid chaperone properties which are critical for HIV-1 replication, the nucleocapsid protein (NC) constitutes a major target in AIDS therapy. Different families of molecules targeting NC zinc fingers and/or inhibiting the binding of NC with its target nucleic acids have been developed. However, their limited specificity and their cellular toxicity prompted us to develop a screening assay to target molecules able to inhibit NC chaperone properties, and more specifically the initial NC-promoted destabilization of the nucleic acid secondary structure. Since this destabilization is critically dependent on the properly folded fingers, the developed assay is thought to be highly specific. The assay was based on the use of cTAR DNA, a stem-loop sequence complementary to the transactivation response element, doubly labelled at its 5' and 3' ends by a rhodamine 6G fluorophore and a fluorescence quencher, respectively. Addition of NC(12-55), a peptide corresponding to the zinc finger domain of NC, to this doubly-labelled cTAR, led to a partial melting of the cTAR stem, which increases the distance between the two labels and thus, restores the rhodamine 6G fluorescence. Thus, positive hits were detected through the decrease of rhodamine 6G fluorescence. An "in-house" chemical library of 4800 molecules was screened and five compounds with IC(50) values in the micromolar range have been selected. The hits were shown by mass spectrometry and fluorescence anisotropy titration to prevent binding of NC(12-55) to cTAR through direct interaction with the NC folded fingers, but without promoting zinc ejection. These non-zinc ejecting NC binders are a new series of anti-NC molecules that could be used to rationally design molecules with potential anti-viral activities

    Quels liens entre relation au lieu et concernement ? Une exploration interdisciplinaire vis-à- vis des risques fluviaux et cÎtiers en France métropolitaine

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    International audienceWhat are the links between the ”sense of place” of individuals and their “concern” about phenomena described as "risk" on French coasts? A state of the art specifies the concept of ”sense of place” and its different dimensions (identity, emotional, symbolic, functional) as well as the notion of “concern” and its modalities (passive or active). Based on these precisions, as wells as on data from different surveys conducted on French coastal and estuarine areas, we empirically characterize the dimensions of sense of place and their links with the modalities of environmental concern. The results show negative links between the symbolic and emotional dimensions of relation to place and a concern qualified as passive, as well as positive links between the symbolic dimension of relation to place and a so-called active concern. We discuss these relationships as well as their consequences for costal and territorial risks governance.Quels sont les liens entre la relation au lieu que dĂ©veloppent des individus et leur « concernement » Ă  propos de phĂ©nomĂšnes qualifiĂ©s de « risques » sur ce mĂȘme lieu ? Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  cette question, un Ă©tat de l’art prĂ©cise tout d’abord le concept de « concernement » en qualifiant diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s (notamment « passif » ou « actif ») ainsi que le concept de « relation au lieu » et ses diffĂ©rentes dimensions (identitaire, Ă©motionnelle, symbolique, fonctionnelle) . Sur la base de ces prĂ©cisions, et Ă  partir des donnĂ©es issues de diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes menĂ©es sur les littoraux français, une analyse est ensuite menĂ©e pour explorer empiriquement les liens entre diffĂ©rentes dimensions de la relation au lieu et les modalitĂ©s de concernement vis-Ă -vis des risques fluviaux et cĂŽtiers. Les rĂ©sultats montrent des liens nĂ©gatifs entre les dimensions symboliques et Ă©motionnelles de la relation au lieu et un concernement qualifiĂ© de passif, ainsi que des liens positifs entre la relation symbolique au lieu et un concernement dit actif. Ces relations sont enfin discutĂ©es par rapport aux implications de ce type de rĂ©sultats dans des processus de gouvernance.Abstrac

    Une exploration interdisciplinaire des liens entre relation au lieu et concernement. À propos des risques fluviaux et cĂŽtiers en France mĂ©tropolitaine

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    International audienceWhat are the links between the ”sense of place” of individuals and their “concern” about phenomena described as "risk" on French coasts? A state of the art specifies the concept of ”sense of place” and its different dimensions (identity, emotional, symbolic, functional) as well as the notion of “concern” and its modalities (passive or active). Based on these precisions, as wells as on data from different surveys conducted on French coastal and estuarine areas, we empirically characterize the dimensions of sense of place and their links with the modalities of environmental concern. The results show negative links between the symbolic and emotional dimensions of relation to place and a concern qualified as passive, as well as positive links between the symbolic dimension of relation to place and a so-called active concern. We discuss these relationships as well as their consequences for costal and territorial risks governance.Quels sont les liens entre la relation au lieu que dĂ©veloppent des individus et leur « concernement » Ă  propos de phĂ©nomĂšnes qualifiĂ©s de « risques » sur ce mĂȘme lieu ? Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  cette question, un Ă©tat de l’art prĂ©cise tout d’abord le concept de « concernement » en qualifiant diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s (notamment « passif » ou « actif ») ainsi que le concept de « relation au lieu » et ses diffĂ©rentes dimensions (identitaire, Ă©motionnelle, symbolique, fonctionnelle) . Sur la base de ces prĂ©cisions, et Ă  partir des donnĂ©es issues de diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes menĂ©es sur les littoraux français, une analyse est ensuite menĂ©e pour explorer empiriquement les liens entre diffĂ©rentes dimensions de la relation au lieu et les modalitĂ©s de concernement vis-Ă -vis des risques fluviaux et cĂŽtiers. Les rĂ©sultats montrent des liens nĂ©gatifs entre les dimensions symboliques et Ă©motionnelles de la relation au lieu et un concernement qualifiĂ© de passif, ainsi que des liens positifs entre la relation symbolique au lieu et un concernement dit actif. Ces relations sont enfin discutĂ©es par rapport aux implications de ce type de rĂ©sultats dans des processus de gouvernance.Abstrac
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