Liability Principles of PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) To the Loss of Consumers Electric Services

Electricity is essential for our daily needs and community and businesses because it can run their products. Recently the community and we depend on electricity, so the usage of electricity is getting an increase. All our hardware and software tools use electricity because electricity changes our style in daily life. So, the management of electricity which the State gives to PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) is a "State-Owned Enterprise" as we were known (BUMN). The electricity distributed to the consumers are still frequently blackout, therefore people and community fell loss with the outage, and make lawsuits to PT. PLN (Persero). This study uses a normative juridical approach, which analyzes data Referring to norms in the applicable law and regulations. The benefit of this research to contribute to the development of legal science, specifically the rule regarding consumer protection for electricity users. This research suggested that PT. PLN (Persero) commits to make a quick response when there is a blackout and give good service to the users. The consumers have to get a copy of the Power Purchase Agreement at the beginning of the installation. It is essential for the consumers as evidence to do a lawsuit when PT. PLN did not keep the promise of the Agreement.Keywords: Electricity, Blackout, Lawsuits

PENGARUH VARIASI PENAMBAHAN FILLER ZEOLIT PADA KUAT LENTUR BALOK BETON MEMADAT MANDIRI (SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE) DENGAN VISCOCRETE-10

Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu jenis beton yang dapat dituang, mengalir dan menjadi padat dengan memanfaatkan berat sendiri, tanpa memerlukan proses pemadatan dengan getaran atau metode lainnya. Self-compacting concrete bersifat kohesif dan dapat dikerjakan tanpa terjadi segregasi atau bleeding. Self compacting concrete mensyaratkan kemampuan mengalir yang cukup tinggi dengan nilai slump-flow minimal 55-65 cm. Untuk mencapai slump-flow tersebut dibutuhkan superplastisizer agar adukan beton segar menjadi lebih cair. Komposisi agregat kasar dan halus juga harus sangat diperhatikan dalam pembuatan SCC, karena semakin besar proporsi agregat halus dapat meningkatkan daya alir beton segar, tetapi semakin banyak agregat halus juga akan menurunkan kuat tekan beton. Jumlah agregat kasar yang terlalu banyak akan meningkatkan resiko segregasi. Dari sifat unik SCC inilah perlu adanya penggunaan filler untuk mencegah resiko bleeding dan segregasi. Material yang digunakan sebagai filler adalah mineral zeolit, superplastisizer Sika Viscocrete-10, dan ukuran agregat maksimum 10 mm. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dengan detail pelaksanaan sebagai berikut: (1) variable bebas berupa variasi penambahan kadar Zeolit sebesar 0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%, terhadap berat semen, (2) variable terikat berupa kuat lentur balok dan kuat tekan silinder, (3) variabel pengendali berupa kadar viscocrete-10 sebesar 1,25% dari berat semen dalam campuran, jenis semen, jenis dan ukuran agregat, jenis superplasticizer, nilai slump-flow minimal 55 cm, umur beton, dan ukuran filler yang digunakan. Perencanakan campuran beton normal mengacu pada metode SK SNI. T-15-1990-03. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar zeolit 10% menghasilkan kuat lentur dan kuat tekan tertinggi pada umur 56 hari dengan 6,10 Mpa (kuat lentur) dan 32,69 Mpa (kuat tekan). Kadar zeolit 10% dan viscocrete-10 1,25% dapat menaikkan kuat lentur sebesar 37,69%, kuat tekan 15,36% pada umur 56 hari. Pemberian zeolit di atas kadar 10% dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kuat lentur dan kuat tekan sebesar 2-4% dari kadar zeolit 10%. Penggunaan filler zeolit pada pengujian kuat lentur mengalami kenaikan yang cukup terlihat pada umur 56 hari. Kadar zeolit yang berlebihan dan tidak seimbang dengan superplastisizer akan menurunkan kuat lentur balok

Impact of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Systemic Review of Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding

طThe Baby−Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) launched by WHO / UNICEF has proven to be a powerful tool for raising breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding is a protective factor for health, and breastfeeding promotion continues to be an important measure to improve child and maternal health in both developed and developing countries. A systematic review of the effect of BFHI worldwide found that the BFHI was the most effective intervention for improving breastfeeding rates at health system level and adherence to the Ten Steps positively affected short-, medium-, and long-term breastfeeding outcomes. This study therefore examines the impact of baby-friendly hospital initiatives for improving exclusive breastfeeding. This study used systematic review which performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The published literature was identified using relevant keywords. The initial screening was conducted by year of publication (8 years) and free full text, then reading the titles and abstracts. Nine articles were included in this review. The studies showed there were positive impacts in enhancement of exclusive breastfeeding after applied baby-friendly hospital initiative program. Rates of exclusive breastfeeding were demonstrably improved by applying BFHI with Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding at health care facilities to all mothers from pregnancy until postpartum.   Keywords: Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, Ten Steps, Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedin

Transformasi Organisasi Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia dari Era Presiden Soeharto Sampai Presiden Joko Widodo

The Cabinet Secretariat is one of the institutions within the Presidency whose job is to provide support for the management of the cabinet to the President and Vice President in administering government. The duties of the Cabinet Secretariat, based on Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2020 concerning the Cabinet Secretariat, are the newest duties and roles that the Cabinet Secretariat has after it continues to change every time there is a change in national leadership. This research discusses the organizational transformation of the Cabinet Secretariat under six presidents (Suharto, Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati, Yudhoyono, and Jokowi). The results of this study indicate that the organization of the Cabinet Secretariat changes every time there is a change of President, with significant changes seen after 2019, namely the Cabinet Secretariat is no longer specifically an institution that provides support in the field of legislation to the President, as was the task of the Cabinet Secretariat since the New Order era in 1960s. The organizational arrangement of the Cabinet Secretariat was greatly influenced by the situation that occurred (particularly political considerations) when the organizational arrangement was carried out

Is Tuberculosis Increasing Blood Pressure?

This research’s purpose was to understand the association between TB status with blood pressure’s differences in Indonesia in 2013. This research used data from Riskesdas. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression were used on 38.002 sample subject regardless of the TB status whose blood pressure and glucose rate were examined. The result of this research showed that there’s an association between TB and blood pressure. With the decreasing of systolic blood pressure as 2.3 mmHg and subjects with TB are 1.1 times most likely also suffer hypertension. The results of this study showed that the blood pressure in subjects who were diagnosed with tuberculosis after adjusting for blood glucose. Age. Sex. And economic status is lower 1.9 mmHg (95% CI-6.0 – 2.2) than the subjects who were not diagnosed with TB. Hypertension odds ratios in subjects who were diagnosed with tuberculosis after adjusting for blood glucose. Age. Sex. And economic status was 0.94 lower (95% CI 0.58 to 1.52) than the subjects who were not diagnosed with TB. Keywords: Hypertension; Tuberculosis; Blood pressur

The Role of Couple Discussion on Modern Contraceptive Used for Spacing Pregnancy (Analyzed of Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey/IDHS 2012)

The desired to have more child is higher among mothers who have one child, so they need contraceptive use for spacing the next pregnancy to avoid the risk of close pregnancy. Couple discussion about family planning is believed to be able to contribute the use of contraceptive, but the role of discussion with husband to encouragecontraceptive for spacing pregnancy was unclear. This study analyzed 8.359 from 45.607 of reproductive women aged 15 to 49 years old, data collected in Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012, who had married or living together and had one child that still lived because to do spacing pregnancy, at least mothers already had one child. There were 50.2% of mothers who had used modern contraceptive for spacing pregnancy. Mothers who discussed family planning with her husband was 1.61 higher to use modern contraceptive for spacing pregnancy than those who didn’t discuss, controlled by the level of mothers education, husband’s occupation, economic status, and family planning information source (Adjusted odds ratio = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.35 – 1.92). The couple discussion had a role to influence the use of modern contraceptive for spacing pregnancy. Thus, it’s not the only woman who had to involve in family planning and Behavior Change Communication targets to motivate couple to discuss, but also the husband. Keywords: couple discussion, modern contraceptive, spacing pregnanc

Pemberian Pupuk POC Dengan Dosis Berbeda Yang Difermentasi Terhadap Kelimpahan Chlorella sp

This research aims to know the effect of giving Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) with different doses that fermented to abundance Chlorella sp. The method used is the experimental method uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatment and 3 replications namely (P1) the application of fermented liquid organic fertilizer with a dose of 1.5 cc / L, (P2) administration fermented liquid organic fertilizer at a dose of 2.0 cc / L, (P3) application of fermented liquid organic fertilizer at a dose of 2.5 cc / L, (P4) fermentation liquid organic fertilizer with a dose of 3.0 cc / L, (P5) Fermented liquid organic fertilizer with a dose of 3.5 c c / L. The results of the study obtained the results abundance C hlorella the highest sp is in the treatment (P3) of 13,150,000 cell / ml, then (P2) of 11,450,000 cell / ml, (P1) equal to 10,433,333 cells / ml, (P4) of 9,650,000 cell / ml and lowest in treatment (P5) i.e. 8,116,667 cell / ml. Biomass Chlorella highest sp in treatment (P3) of 0.50 gr / L and lowest in treatment (P5) of 0.14 gr / L. Results Water quality measurements such as temperature 27 - 30 ° C, pH 6 - 8 and N, P, K are equal to 1,076 mg / L , 0.541 mg / L and 0.556 mg / L

Pengaruh Populasi Mikroba pada Re-fermentasi terhadap Kualitas Biji Kakao Tanpa Fermentasi

This study aimed to determine the effect of microbial populations on the quality of the cocoa beans produced. This research used unfermented cocoa beans and was then referenced by adding inoculum. Three fermentation techniques were applied in this research. First, control (A0), without the addition of inoculum. Second, S. cerevisiae inoculum (FNCC 3056), L. lactis (FNC 0086), and A. aceti (FNCC 0016), each around 108 cfu / g is given simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation (A1). Third, the gradual administration of S. cerevisiae inoculum (FNCC 3056) at the beginning of fermentation, L. lactis (FNC 0086) at 24 hours, and A. aceti (FNCC 0016) at 48 hours with the same microbial population as the second treatment (A3). Fermentation was carried out for five days. The results showed that after being rehydrated as much as 50% weight of the produced dried material, the cocoa beans' composition could be used as a fermentation substrate. The highest population of S. cerevisiae, L. lactis, and A. aceti from three treatments was observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours of fermentation. Keywords: cocoa beans quality, inoculum, re-fermentation, unfermented   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh populasi mikroba terhadap kualitas biji kakao yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi dan kemudian direferensikan dengan penambahan inokulum. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut fermentasi biji kakao dengan 3 variasi teknik fermentasi yaitu perlakuan pertama (A0) tanpa penambahan inokulum (kontrol), kedua (A1) menggunakan inokulum S. cerevisiae (FNCC 3056), L. lactis (FNC 0086) dan A. aceti (FNCC 0016), masing-masing sekitar 108 cfu/g diberikan secara bersamaan pada awal fermentasi, ketiga (A2) pemberian bertahap inokulum S. cerevisiae (FNCC 3056) pada awal fermentasi, L. lactis (FNC 0086) pada 24 jam dan A. aceti (FNCC 0016) pada 48 jam dengan populasi mikroba sama dengan perlakuan kedua. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah direhidrasi sebanyak 50% dari berat bahan yang dihasilkan komposisi biji kakao dapat digunakan sebagai substrat fermentasi. Populasi S. cerevisiae, L. lactis dan A. aceti tertinggi dari tiga perlakuan pada 24, 48 dan 72 jam fermentasi. Kata kunci: inokulum, kualitas, re-fermentasi, tanpa fermentas

Pengaruh Rejimen terhadap Ketidakpatuhan Berobat Tuberkulosis

Beban tuberkulosis di Indonesia termasuk lima tertinggi di dunia. Temuan kasus dan pengobatan adalah pilar utama program penanggulangan tuberkulosis. Survei nasional menunjukkan peningkatan penggunaan rejimen tidak standar dari 16,8% (2010) menjadi 55,6% (2013). Peningkatan penggunaan rejimen tidak standar diduga berpengaruh terhadap ketidakpatuhan berobat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ketidakpatuhan berobat pada orang dengan tuberkulosis yang menerima rejimen tidak standar dan rejimen standar. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2010. Analisis logistik multivariabel dilakukan pada sampel 971 orang dengan tuberkulosis yang selesai mendapatkan pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kecenderungan orang dengan tuberkulosis yang menerima rejimen tidak standar memiliki ketidakpatuhan berobat lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan odds untuk tidak menyelesaikan pengobatan lebih tinggi pada orang yang menerima rejimen tidak standar dibandingkan orang yang menerima rejimen standar, yaitu odds ratio terkontrol 2,4 (95% CI odds ratio: 1,7-3,5). Dalam upaya menjamin kepatuhan berobat tuberkulosis, mutu program pengobatan perlu ditingkatkan; di antaranya adalah ketersediaan rejimen standar, penyetaraan standar pengobatan antara fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan swasta dan publik, serta sistem pemantauan minum obat.The influence of Regimen on Poor Adherence of Tuberculosis TreatmentIndonesia is one of five highest tuberculosis burden countries. Case finding and treatment are the main pillars of tuberculosis control program. National survey reported that the USAge of nonstandarized regimen is increased from 16,8% (2010) to 55,6% (2013). Increase use of nonstandarized regimen is associated with poor adherence tuberculosis treatment. This study purposed to compare the poor adherence of tuberculosis treatment among people who received standarized regimen and people who received nonstandarized regimen. The study used secondary data of National Health Survey 2010. Analysis used multivariable logistic through 971 people who completed tuberculosis treatment. This study found that people who received nonstandarized regimen had higher poor adherence of tuberculosis treatment than people who received standarized regimen. The result also showed that the odds of not to complete the treatment was higher in people who received nonstandarized regimen than who received standarized regimen, adjusted OR was 2,4 (95% CI OR: 1,7-3,5). To assure the adherence to tuberculosis treatment is to strengthen tuberculosis treatment program; such as the availability of standarized regimen, the equality of standard tuberculosis treatment among public and private health services, and the system of observed treatment