Transitions of cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014

Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

The Status Of The Brazilian Spherical Detector

The first phase of the Brazilian Graviton Project is the construction and operation of the gravitational wave detector Mario Schenberg at the Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo. This gravitational wave spherical antenna is planned to feature a sensitivity better than h = 10 -21Hz-1/2 at the 3.0-3.4 kHz bandwidth, and to work not only as a detector, but also as a testbed for the development of new technologies. Here we present the status of this detector.19719491953Forward, R.L., (1971) Gen. Rel. Grav., 2, p. 149Wagoner, R.V., Paik, H.-J., (1977) Proc. Academia Nationale dei Lincei, Int. Symp. on Experimental Gravitation, (Pavia, Italy, Sept. 1976), p. 257Johnson, W.W., Merkowitz, S.M., (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, p. 2367Coccia, E., (1997) 14th Int. Conf. on General Relativity and Gravitational (Florence, 1995), p. 103. , Singapore: World ScientificWaard, A., Frossati, G., (2000) AIP Conf. Proc. Vol 523, 523, p. 268. , Proc. 3rd Edoardo Amaldi Conf. on Gravitational Waves (Pasadena, CA, 1999) (New York: American Institute of Physics)Frossati, G., (1997) Proc. 1st Int. Workshop of Omnidirectional Gravitational Radiation Observatory (São José dos Campos, Brazil, May 26-31, 1996), p. 179. , ed W F Velloso O D Aguiar and N S Magalhães (Singapore: World Scientific)(2000) AIP Conf. Proc. Vol 523, 523. , Proc. 3rd Edoardo Amaldi Conf. on Gravitational Waves (Pasadena, CA, 1999) (New York: American Institute of Physics) (2000)De Waard, A., Gottardi, L., Frossati, G., (2002) Class. Quantum Grav., 19, p. 1935Wagoner, R.V., (1984) Astrophys. J., 278, p. 345Schutz, B.F., (1997) Relativistic Astrophysics and Gravitational Radiation, , ed J-A Marck and J-P Lasota (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)Anderson, N., Kokkotas, K.D., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, p. 4134Anderson, N., Araújo, M.E., Schutz, B.F., (1993) Class. Quantum Grav., 10, p. 757Friedman, J.L., Ipser, J.R., Parker, L., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, p. 3015Haensel, P., Lasota, J.P., Zdunik, J.L., 1999 Preprint astro-ph/9905036Nakamura, T., Sasaki, M., Tanaka, T., Thorne, K.S., (1997) Astrophys. J., 487, pp. L139Thorne, K.S., (1987) 300 Years of Gravitation, p. 330. , ed S Hawking and W Israel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)Harry, G.M., Stevenson, T.R., Paik, H.-J., (1996) Phys. Rev. D, 54, p. 2409De Araújo, J.C.N., Miranda, O.D., Aguiar, O.D., (2001) Astrophys. J., 550, p. 368Meliani, M.T., De Araújo, J.C.N., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Astron. Astrophys., 358, p. 417De Araújo, J.C.N., Miranda, O.D., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Phys. Rev. D, 61, p. 124015Novello, M., Lorenci, V.A., Freitas, L., Aguiar, O.D., (1999) Phys. Lett. A, 254, p. 245Mosquera Cuesta, H.J., De Araújo, J.C.N., Aguiar, O.D., Horvath, J.E., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2988Velloso W.F., Jr., Melo, J.L., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71, p. 2552Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., Marinho R.M., Jr., (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 457, p. 175Magalhães, N.S., Johnson, W.W., Frajuca, C., Aguiar, O.D., (1997) Astrophys. J., 475, p. 462Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., (1997) Gen. Rel. Grav., 29, p. 1511Magalhães, N.S., Johnson, W.W., Frajuca, C., Aguiar, O.D., (1995) Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 274, p. 67

The Gravitational Wave Detector "mario Schenberg": Status Of The Project

The first phase of the Brazilian Graviton Project is the construction and operation of the gravitational wave detector Mario Schenberg at the Physics Institute of the University of São Paulo. This gravitational wave spherical antenna is planned to feature a sensitivity better than h = 10-21 Hz-1/2 at the 3.0-3.4 kHz bandwidth, and to work not only as a detector, but also as a testbed for the development of new technologies. Here we present the status of this detector.324866868notenoteForward, R.L., (1971) General Relativity and Gravitation, 2, p. 149Wagoner, R.V., Paik, H.-J., (1976) Proceedings of the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation, p. 257. , Pavia, Italy, SeptJohnson, W.W., Merkowitz, S.M., (1993) Physical Review Letters, 70, p. 2367Coccia, E., (1995) 14th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitational, p. 103. , Florence, World Scientific, SingaporeWaard, A., Frossati, G., Proceedings of the third Edoardo Amaldi conference on gravitational waves (1999) AIP Conference Proceedings, 523, p. 268. , Pasadena, California. American Institute of PhysicsFrossati, G., (1996) Proceeding of the First International Workshop of Omnidirectional Gravitational Radiation Observatory, p. 179. , São José dos Campos, Brazil, May 26-31, edited by W. F. Velloso, O. D. Aguiar, and N. S. Magalhães, World Scientific, Singapore(2001), www.minigrail.nlProceedings of the third Edoardo Amaldi conference on gravitational waves (1999) AIP Conference Proceedings, 523. , Pasadena, California. American Institute of PhysicsWagoner, R.V., (1984) Ap. J., 278, p. 345Schutz, B.F., (1997) Relativistic Astrophysics and Gravitational Radiation, , eds. J-A. Marck and J-P. Lasota, Cambridge Univ. PressAnderson, N., Kokkotas, K.D., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, p. 4134Anderson, N., Araújo, M.E., Schutz, B.F., (1993) Class. Quantum Grav., 10, p. 757Friedman, J.L., Ipser, J.R., Parker, L., (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., 62, p. 3015Haensel, P., Lasota, J.-P., Zdunik, J.L., 1999 preprint (astro-ph/9905036)Nakamura, T., Sasaki, M., Tanaka, T., Thorne, K.S., (1997) Ap. J., 487, pp. L139Thorne, K.S., (1987) 300 Years of Gravitation, p. 330. , edited by S. Hawking and W. Israel, Cambridge Univ. Press, CambridgeHarry, G.M., Stevenson, T.R., Paik, H.-J., (1996) Phys. Rev., D54, p. 2409De Araujo, J.C.N., Miranda, O.D., Aguiar, O.D., (2001) Ap. J., 550, p. 368Meliani, M.T., De Araujo, J.C.N., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Astron. Astrophys., 358, p. 417De Araujo, J.C.N., Miranda, O.D., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Phys. Rev., D61, p. 124015Novelle, M., Lorenci, V.A., Freitas, L., Aguiar, O.D., (1999) Phys. Lett., A 254, p. 245Mosquera-Cuesta, H.J., De Araujo, J.C.N., Aguiar, O.D., Horvath, J.E., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2988Velloso W.F., Jr., Melo, J.L., Aguiar, O.D., (2000) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71, p. 2552Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., Marinho R.M., Jr., (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., A457, p. 175Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., Marinho R.M., Jr., Chiang, J., (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., , in pressMarinho R.M., Jr., Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., (2001) Phys. Rev. D, , in pressMagalhẽs, N.S., Johnson, W.W., Frajuca, C., Aguiar, O.D., (1997) Ap. J., 475, p. 462Magalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., (2001) Phys. Rev. D, , in pressMagalhães, N.S., Aguiar, O.D., Frajuca, C., (1997) Gen. Rel. Grav., 29, p. 1511Magalhães, N.S., Johnson, W.W., Frajuca, C., Aguiar, O.D., (1995) Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc, 274, p. 67