Slaves Who Owned Slaves in Nineteenth-Century Bahia, Brazil

It was not uncommon in Brazil for slaves to own slaves. Slaves as masters of slaves existed in many slave societies and societies with slaves, but considering modern, chattel slavery in the Americas, Brazil seems to have been a special case where this phenomenon thrived, especially in nineteenth-century urban Bahia. The investigation is based on more than five hundred cases of enslaved slaveowners registered in ecclesiastical and manumission records in the provincial capital city of Salvador. The paper discusses the positive legal basis and common law rights that made possible this peculiar form of slave ownership. The paper relates slave ownership by slaves with the direction and volume of the slave trade, the specific contours of urban slavery, access by slaves to slave trade networks, and slave/master relations. It also discusses the web of convivial relations that involved the slaves of slaves, focusing on the ethnic and gender profiles of the enslaved master and their slaves

Personalized information systems : personalization, implementation levels a conceptual framework

Personalized Information Systems (also named Personal Applications – PA) are software applications that exhibit personalized features, adjusted to the preferences or user’s needs. PA can provide benefits related to customer relationship or related to the efficiency of organizational work. This poster presents the personalization definition, the main personalization typologies, the personalization implementation levels, personalization variants/dimension and a conceptual framework for personalization that can be viewed as a contribution to the body of knowledge of Information Systems Technologies (IST) professionals with responsibilities in the adoption, and development of PA. These contributions include: a conceptual model that combines levels of personalization, levels of implementation and system integration of personalization with personalization variants/dimensionsFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Personalized information systems : enabling technologies and architecture

Personalized Information Systems are ICT applications that exhibit personalized behaviour, adjusted to the preferences or needs of their users. Personalized Information Systems can bring up business benefits related to customer relationship or to increased efficiency of organizational work. This work characterizes the Personalized Information Systems in what concerns types of personalized features, presents the enabling technologies, and suggests a general architecture for Personalized Information Systems.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Sustainable economies: using a macro-economic model to predict how the default rate is affected under economic stress scenarios

This article aims to calculate the quarterly default rate of customers loans in the UK for different simulated stress-scenarios based on a macro-economic model. These simulations are from Q1 2019 until Q4 2023. The simulated default rates are compared to default rates from the 2007–2009 crisis. In addition to this, the uplift, elasticity and level of extremeness of a simulated default rate were also computed. This paper employed a systematic literature review methodology in order to gather knowledge about the available literature about the topic. The data analysis component of this project was divided into three different parts: 1) Monte Carlo simulations were used in order to simulate stress macro-economic conditions, 2) back-transformation was employed in order to calculate the default rate, which was calculated in function of the macro-economic variables, 3) a visualisation dashboard containing the results, built using R Shiny. Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 show a 30%, 3%, and 4% default rate increase, respectively, between Q4 2023 and the 2007–2009 economic crisis. Our research might be relevant for banks and stakeholders to assess how certain scenarios will affect the default rate and the macro-economic environment for sustainable economies. Furthermore, the findings can be used to validate or invalidate macro-economic models.publishe

Personalization dimensions: A conceptual model for personalized information systems

Personalization is the adjustment of an information system to the preferences or needs of a user. Personalization can contribute to the improvement of customer relationship or of organizationalefficiency. This article presents a conceptual framework that addresses several personalization issues, such as: personalization levels; implementation levels; personalization dimensions; levels of personalization;levels of implementation and system integration of personalization with personalization dimensions.Based in a practical application, thearticle also proposesrecommendationsto Information Systems Technologies (IST) professionals involved in decisions, regarding the developmentof personalization dimensions in personalized applications

From slave to wealthy freedman: the life story of Manoel Joaquim Ricardo, african, in nineteenth-century Bahia

The article discusses Manuel Joaquim Ricardo’s life trajectory, an African of Hausa origin who disembarked in Bahia in the early nineteenth century as slave and died there as a rich freedman in 1865. His life in Brazil allows us to understand the possibilities and limitations to the Africans’ social mobility under slavery and in freedom. Among the mechanisms towards mobility, as was the usual thing to do then, Ricardo invested in slaves since the time when he was a slave himself, a phenomenon that is rarely covered by the historiography. He also acquired and rented real state property, negotiated with food and slaves (in both the transatlatic and internal trades) loaned money for interest, among other business activities. Other dimensions of his trajectory covered here are his family and religious life, which included his compadrio network and his dealings with candomblé people. The article sugests the concept of ladinization as a tool to understand the life experience of Africans like Ricardo, even those who did not succeed in the material world as he did.O artigo discute a trajetória de Manoel Joaquim Ricardo, africano haussá que desembarcou na Bahia no início do século XIX como cativo e morreu em 1865 como forro e rico. Sua vida no Brasil permite perceber as possibilidades e limitações à ascensão social dos africanos sob a escravidão e em liberdade. Entre os mecanismos de mobilidade, como era de praxe na época, Ricardo investiu em escravos desde a época em que ainda era ele próprio escravo, um fenômeno raramente abordado pela historiografia. Mas também adquiriu e alugou imóveis, negociou (fez mesmo o tráfico transatlântico e interno de escravos), emprestou a juros, entre outras atividades. Outras dimensões de sua trajetória aqui abordadas são a vida familiar e religiosa, que incluiu sua rede de compadrio e suas relações com gente de candomblé. O artigo propõe o conceito de ladinização para entender a experiência de africanos como Ricardo, mesmo que não tão bem sucedidos como ele no mundo material.

"Por sua liberdade me oferece uma escrava": alforrias por substituição na Bahia, 1800-1850

O artigo discute a alforria por substituição, modalidade em que o escravo trocava sua liberdade dando em troca outro escravo, tornando-se, pelo menos temporariamente, um senhor de escravos escravizado. Os dados derivam de mais de 400 casos de alforrias registradas nos tabeliães de Salvador, destacando a cidade como local no Brasil em que esse tipo de alforria foi mais usado. O artigo relaciona a substituição ao volume do tráfico transatlântico, à escravidão urbana e ao acesso a redes do tráfico pelos escravos que investiam em outros escravos. Uma das possíveis explicações para o fenômeno vem da natureza da escravidão na parte da África onde se originava a maioria dos cativos baianos, onde a posse de escravos por outros escravos era prática comum. Mas a relação senhor/escravo ganha o centro da cena. Sendo a concessão da alforria prerrogativa senhorial, da mesma forma o era a licença para cativos formarem uma poupança para comprar seus substitutos. Discute-se as negociações entre senhores e alforriados, apontando circunstâncias envolvidas. Vários aspectos da negociação são revelados através de exemplos concretos. O artigo traça, entre outros achados quantitativos, os perfis étnico (com predominância de nagôs) e por gênero (com predominância de mulheres), tanto entre substitutos como entre substituídos, vinculando esse resultado à direção do fluxo do tráfico e à dinâmica do trabalho de ganho na cidade.“For Her Freedom, She Offers me a Slave”: Manumission by Substitution in Bahia, 1800-1850The article discusses manumission by substitution, in which a slave bought his/her freedom giving another slave in exchange, thus becoming, temporarily at least, an enslaved slaveowner. The data derives from more than 400 letters of manumission registered by public notaries in Salvador, making the city a leader in this type of manumission in Brazil. The article relates substitutions to the volume of the transatlantic slave trade, to urban slavery, and access to slave trading networks by the slaves who acquired captives. A possible explanation for the phenomenon is that in the part of Africa where most Bahian slaves originated, possession of slaves by other slaves was a common practice. But in Bahia master-slave relations gains center stage. The concession of manumission was the master’s prerogative, and so was permission for a slave to amass savings and use them to buy another slave. Negotiations between masters and slaves are discussed on the basis of concrete cases. Among other quantitative findings, the article also traces the ethnic (predominantly Nagô) and gender (predominantly female) profiles of both the substitutes and those they substituted, linking the results to both the direction of the slave trade and the dynamics of urban slavery.Slave trade and urban slavery | Manumission by substitution | Nineteenth-century Bahia, Brazi

O levante dos Malês na Bahia: uma interpretação política

In this work, the slave is seen as a political agent. The article presents a discussion on the specific ethno cultural, religious and class determinants which set the parameters to the political actions of African slaves and freedmen in Bahia in the first half of the nineteenth century. It is argued that the 1835 rebellion, despite having ingredients of an ethnic and religious struggle, was mainly a slave revolt, and therefore there was a class struggle in its broad sense.O escravo, neste artigo, é visto como um agente político. Discutem-se especificamente as determinações étnico-culturais, religiosas e de classe que estabeleciam os parâmetros da ação política dos escravos e libertos africanos na Bahia da primeira metade do século XIX. Procura-se demonstrar que a rebelião de 1835 teve ingredientes de luta étnica e religiosa, porém foi principalmente uma rebelião escrava e, portanto, houve uma luta de classe em sentido amplo.

Quilombos e revoltas escravas no Brasil

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