Exploring syndemic vulnerability across generations:A case study of a former fishing village in the Netherlands

This qualitative case study uses a life-course approach to explore syndemic vulnerability in a former fishing village in the Netherlands. Building on four years of fieldwork in a low-income neighborhood, we explored salient themes between and across families and generations. Elderly community members (> 65 years) were interviewed to map village history and explore how contextual factors have affected family life, health, and wellbeing since the 1940s. We systematically traced and compared processes leading to or from syndemic vulnerability by studying seven families across three generations. Adults with at least one of clustering diseases, their parents (when possible), and their children participated in semi-structured life-course interviews. A complex interaction of endemic social conditions, sociocultural normative processes, learned health be-haviors, and disheartening life events shaped families' predispositions for a syndemic of psychological distress, cardiometabolic conditions, and musculoskeletal pain. Educational attainment, continued social support, and aspirational capabilities emerged as themes related to decreasing syndemic vulnerability. This study demonstrates that syndemic vulnerability is potentially intergenerational and reveals the need for culturally sensitive and family-focused syndemic interventions. Future longitudinal research should focus on unravelling the pathogenesis of the clustering of psychological distress, cardiometabolic conditions, and musculoskeletal pain among young people

Improved Quantitative Plant Proteomics via the Combination of Targeted and Untargeted Data Acquisition.

Quantitative proteomics strategies - which are playing important roles in the expanding field of plant molecular systems biology - are traditionally designated as either hypothesis driven or non-hypothesis driven. Many of these strategies aim to select individual peptide ions for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and to do this mixed hypothesis driven and non-hypothesis driven approaches are theoretically simple to implement. In-depth investigations into the efficacies of such approaches have, however, yet to be described. In this study, using combined samples of unlabeled and metabolically (15)N-labeled Arabidopsis thaliana proteins, we investigate the mixed use of targeted data acquisition (TDA) and data dependent acquisition (DDA) - referred to as TDA/DDA - to facilitate both hypothesis driven and non-hypothesis driven quantitative data collection in individual LC-MS/MS experiments. To investigate TDA/DDA for hypothesis driven data collection, 7 miRNA target proteins of differing size and abundance were targeted using inclusion lists comprised of 1558 m/z values, using 3 different TDA/DDA experimental designs. In samples in which targeted peptide ions were of particularly low abundance (i.e., predominantly only marginally above mass analyser detection limits), TDA/DDA produced statistically significant increases in the number of targeted peptides identified (230 ± 8 versus 80 ± 3 for DDA; p = 1.1 × 10(-3)) and quantified (35 ± 3 versus 21 ± 2 for DDA; p = 0.038) per experiment relative to the use of DDA only. These expected improvements in hypothesis driven data collection were observed alongside unexpected improvements in non-hypothesis driven data collection. Untargeted peptide ions with m/z values matching those in inclusion lists were repeatedly identified and quantified across technical replicate TDA/DDA experiments, resulting in significant increases in the percentages of proteins repeatedly quantified in TDA/DDA experiments only relative to DDA experiments only (33.0 ± 2.6% versus 8.0 ± 2.7%, respectively; p = 0.011). These results were observed together with uncompromised broad-scale MS/MS data collection in TDA/DDA experiments relative to DDA experiments. Using our observations we provide guidelines for TDA/DDA method design for quantitative plant proteomics studies, and suggest that TDA/DDA is a broadly underutilized proteomics data acquisition strategy

Selectivity of metribuzin in postemergence of culture of carrot

A citação dos autores está incorreto.The initial slow growth and short stature of carrot can allow that weeds settle in crop areas, requiring the management of these plants for productivity not to decrease. Nevertheless, weeds control has been difficult because there are few herbicides available for weeds control in postemergence of carrots. Two experiments in the field were carried out to evaluate selectivity of metribuzin applied in postemergence of carrots. A experimental randomized block design was utilized with four repetitions. Treatments consisted of metribuzin doses (0, 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 960 and 1,200 g ha-1), applied in postemergence of carrots of the Nantes variety. Roots productivity was evaluated and percentage of commercial roots and no-commercial roots was calculated. Metribuzin has not caused visual symptoms of intoxication in carrots. Doses lower than 432 g ha-1 of metribuzin do not reduce the total productivity of roots, independent of the application period. Any doses of metribuzin changed the percentage of commercial and noncommercial roots. It is concluded that metribuzin is selective for carrots of the Nantes variety in postemergence applications at doses of 432 g ha-1.O lento crescimento inicial da cenoura favorece o estabelecimento de plantas daninhas nas áreas de cultivo, sendo necessário o manejo dessas plantas para que não ocorra redução da produtividade. Todavia, o controle tem sido dificultado por existirem poucas opções de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas em pós-emergência da cultura. Dois experimentos de campo foram realizados para avaliar a seletividade do metribuzin aplicado em pós-emergência da cenoura, em dois diferentes períodos de cultivo (inverno e inverno-verão). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos corresponderam à aplicação de 0, 144, 288, 432, 576, 720, 960 e 1.200 g ha-1 do metribuzin na cultura da cenoura, cultivar Nantes. Foram avaliadas a produtividade total de raízes e a porcentagem de raízes comerciais e não comerciais. A produtividade total de raízes de cenoura não foi alterada pela aplicação de metribuzin até a dose de 432 g ha-1, independentemente da época de cultivo. A porcentagem de cenouras comercializáveis e descartáveis não foi alterada pelas doses do herbicida. Conclui-se que o metribuzin é seletivo para aplicação em pós-emergência da cenoura, cultivar Nantes, até a dose de 432 g ha-1

Dividend problems in the dual risk model

We consider the compound Poisson dual risk model, dual to the well known classical risk model for insurance applications, where premiums are regarded as costs and claims are viewed as profits. The surplus can be interpreted as a venture capital like the capital of an economic activity involved in research and development. Like most authors, we consider an upper dividend barrier so that we model the gains of the capital and its return to the capital holders. By establishing a proper and crucial connection between the two models we show and explain clearly the dividends process dynamics for the dual risk model, properties for different random quantities involved as well as their relations. Using our innovative approach we derive some already known results and go further by finding several new ones. We study different ruin and dividend probabilities, such as the calculation of the probability of a dividend, distribution of the number of dividends, expected and amount of dividends as well as the time of getting a dividend. We obtain integro-differential equations for some of the above results and also Laplace transforms. From there we can get analytical results for cases where solutions and/or inversions are possible, in other cases we may only get numerical ones. We present examples under the two cases.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Eléctrodo de terra em serpentina

Este artigo tem como principal objectivo a divulgação de uma aplicação informática para calcular a resistência de difusão de eléctrodos de terra em serpentina, a qual é representada analiticamente por uma sinusóide. No cálculo da resistência utilizou-se o chamado método da matriz, desenvolvido por S. Meliopoulos. Como a distribuição de potencial no solo obedece à equação de Laplace, o eléctrodo de terra é previamente discretizado em pontos-fonte de corrente eléctrica, situados no eixo dos condutores. O modelo discreto é representável por um sistema de equações lineares que permite calcular as correntes dos pontos-fonte, arbitrando uma tensão no eléctrodo. A corrente deste é a soma das correntes pontuais, e a lei de Ohm permite calcular facilmente a resistência de terra. Os resultados permitem observar que a resistência da serpentina diminui com o aumento do número de máximos, com o aumento da profundidade de enterramento e com o aumento da largura da vala. Conclui-se da utilidade da serpentina, comparada com o simples cabo horizontal, já que possui resistência de terra menor

Exploring syndemic vulnerability across generations: A case study of a former fishing village in the Netherlands.

This qualitative case study uses a life-course approach to explore syndemic vulnerability in a former fishing village in the Netherlands. Building on four years of fieldwork in a low-income neighborhood, we explored salient themes between and across families and generations. Elderly community members (> 65 years) were interviewed to map village history and explore how contextual factors have affected family life, health, and wellbeing since the 1940s. We systematically traced and compared processes leading to or from syndemic vulnerability by studying seven families across three generations. Adults with at least one of clustering diseases, their parents (when possible), and their children participated in semi-structured life-course interviews.A complex interaction of endemic social conditions, sociocultural normative processes, learned health behaviors, and disheartening life events shaped families’ predispositions for a syndemic of psychological distress, cardiometabolic conditions, and musculoskeletal pain. Educational attainment, continued social support, and aspirational capabilities emerged as themes related to decreasing syndemic vulnerability.This study demonstrates that syndemic vulnerability is potentially intergenerational and reveals the need for culturally sensitive and family-focused syndemic interventions. Future longitudinal research should focus on unravelling the pathogenesis of the clustering of psychological distress, cardiometabolic conditions, and musculoskeletal pain among young people.Public Health and primary carePrevention, Population and Disease management (PrePoD

The Cramér-Lundberg and the dual risk models : ruin dividend problems and duality features

In the present paper we study some existing duality features between two very known models in Risk Theory. The classical Cramér–Lundberg risk model with application to insurance, and the dual risk model with (some) financial application. For simplicity the former will be referred as the primal model. The former has been of extensive treatment in the literature, it assumes that a given surplus process has constant deterministic gains (premiums) and random loses (claims) that come at random times. On the other hand, the latter, called as dual model, works in opposite direction, losses (costs) are constant and deterministic, and the gains (earnings) are random and come at random times. Sometimes this one is called the negative model. Similar quantities, with similar mathematical properties, work in opposite direction and have different meanings. There is however an important feature that makes the two models quite distinct, either in their application or in their nature: the loading condition, positive or negative, respectively. The primal model has been worked extensively and focuses essentially in ruin problems (in many different aspects) whereas the dual model has developed more recently and focuses on dividend payments. I most cases, they have been worked apart, however they have connection points that allow us to use methods and results from one to another. basically form the first to the second. Identifying the right connection, or duality, is crucial so that we transport methods and results. In the work by Afonso et al. (2013) this connection is first addressed in the case when the times between claims/gains follow an exponential distribution. We can easily understand that the ruin time in the primal has a correspondence to the dividend time in the latter. On the opposite side the time to hit an upper barrier in the primal model has a correspondence to the time to ruin in the dual model. Another interesting feature is the severity of ruin in the former and the size of the dividend payment in the latter.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measuring the impact of a bonus-malus system in finite and continuous time ruin probabilities for large portfolios in motor insurance

Motor insurance is a very competitive business where insurers operate with quite large portfolios, often decisions must be taken under short horizons and therefore ruin probabilities should be calculated in finite time. The probability of ruin, in continuous and finite time, is numerically evaluated under the classical Cram´er-Lundberg risk process framework for a large motor insurance portfolio, where we allow for a posteriori premium adjustments, according to the claim record of each individual policyholder. Focusing on the classical model for bonus-malus systems we propose that the probability of ruin can be interpreted as a measure to decide between different bonus-malus scales or even between different bonus-malus rules. In our work the required initial surplus can also be evaluated. We consider an application of a bonus-malus system for motor insurance to study the impact of experience rating in ruin probabilities. For that we used a real commercial scale of an insurer operating in the portuguese market, and we also work various well known optimal bonus-malus scales estimated with real data from that insurer. Results involving these scales are discussedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Growth of arabica coffee cultivars submitted to glyphosate doses

Avaliaram-se, neste trabalho, os efeitos do glyphosate sobre o crescimento de três cultivares de café arábica. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (3 x 5) em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por três cultivares de café: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) e Topázio (MG-1190) e cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha-1). O herbicida foi aplicado quando as plantas de café se apresentavam com 21 pares de folhas e de forma que não atingisse o terço superior delas. Aos 45 e 120 dias após a aplicação do glyphosate (DAA), avaliaram-se os incrementos na altura, na área foliar, no diâmetro do caule, no número de folhas e nos ramos plagiotrópicos, sendo eles mensurados inicialmente no dia da aplicação do herbicida; aos 10, 45 e 120 DAA, avaliou-se a porcentagem de intoxicação das plantas. A massa da matéria seca de folhas, raízes e caule, a densidade e o comprimento radicular foram avaliados aos 120 DAA. Os sintomas de intoxicação das plantas de café causados pelo glyphosate foram semelhantes nos diferentes cultivares, sendo caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar. Os incrementos no número de folhas e ramos plagiotrópicos e no diâmetro do caule, independentemente do cultivar, não foram alterados pelo glyphosate. O cultivar Topázio foi o mais sensível ao glyphosate quanto a acúmulo de área foliar, de massa de matéria seca e densidade radicular.This study evaluated the effects of glyphosate on the growth of three arabica coffee cultivars. A factorial (3 x 5) was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments consisting of three coffee varieties: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) and Topázio (MG-1190) and five glyphosate doses (0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g ha-1 ). The herbicide was applied when the coffee plants reached 21 pairs of leaves, before reaching their upper third ones. At 45 and 120 days after glyphosate application (DAA), increase in leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves and plagiotropic branches was evaluated, being initially measured on the day the herbicide was applied, and plant intoxication rate at 10, 45 and 120 DAA. Dry matter of leaves, roots and stem, and root length and density were measured at 120 DAA. Symptoms of coffee plant intoxication caused by glyphosate were similar in different cultivars, being characterized by chlorosis and leaf narrowing. Increase in the number of leaves, plagiotropic branches and stem diameter, regardless of the cultivar, was not affected by glyphosate. Cultivar Topázio was the most sensitive to glyphosate, in terms of accumulation of leaf area, root dry matter and root density.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)(FAPEMIG) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai