Perfectly matched layers in transmission lines

The field distribution at the ports of the transmission line structure is computed by applying Maxwell's equations to the structure and solving an eigenvalue problem. The high dimensional sparse system matrix is complex in the presence of losses and Perfectly Matched Layer. A method is presented which preserves sparseness and delivers only the small number of interesting modes out with the smallest attenuation. The modes are found solving a sequence of eigenvalue problems of modified matrices with the aid of the invert mode of the Arnoldi iteration using shifts. A new strategy is described which allows the application of the method, first developed for microwave structures, to optoelectronic devices

Reaching peak emissions

Rapid growth in global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry ceased in the past two years, despite continued economic growth. Decreased coal use in China was largely responsible, coupled with slower global growth in petroleum and faster growth in renewables

Quantum Hall Effect in a Holographic Model

We consider a holographic description of a system of strongly coupled fermions in 2+1 dimensions based on a D7-brane probe in the background of D3-branes, and construct stable embeddings by turning on worldvolume fluxes. We study the system at finite temperature and charge density, and in the presence of a background magnetic field. We show that Minkowski-like embeddings that terminate above the horizon describe a family of quantum Hall states with filling fractions that are parameterized by a single discrete parameter. The quantization of the Hall conductivity is a direct consequence of the topological quantization of the fluxes. When the magnetic field is varied relative to the charge density away from these discrete filling fractions, the embeddings deform continuously into black-hole-like embeddings that enter the horizon and that describe metallic states. We also study the thermodynamics of this system and show that there is a first order phase transition at a critical temperature from the quantum Hall state to the metallic state.Comment: v2: 27 pages, 12 figures. There is a major revision in the quantitative analysis. The qualitative results and conclusions are unchanged, with one exception: we show that the quantum Hall state embeddings, which exist for discrete values of the filling fraction, deform continuously into metallic state embeddings away from these filling fraction

Pulmonary stretch receptor activity during partial liquid ventilation in cats with healthy lungs

Aim: To study whether pulmonary stretch receptor (PSR) activity in mechanically ventilated young cats with healthy lungs during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) is different from that during gas ventilation (GV). Methods: In 10 young cats (4.4 +/- 0.4 months, 2.3 +/- 0.3 kg; mean B SD), PSR instantaneous impulse frequency (PSR f(imp)) was recorded from single fibres in the vagal nerve during GV and PLV with perfluorocarbon (30 ml/kg) at increasing positive inspiratory pressures (PIP; 1.2, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.7 kPa), and at a positive end-expiratory pressure of 0.5 kPa. Results: All PSRs studied during GV maintained their phasic character with increased impulse frequency during inspiration during PLV. Peak PSR fimp was lower at PIP 1.2 kPa (p < 0.05) and at PIP 2.7 kPa (p = 0.10) during PLV than during GV, giving a lower number of PSR impulses at these two settings during PLV (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The phasic character of PSR activity is similar during GV and PLV. PSR activity is not higher during PLV than during GV in cats with healthy lungs, indicating no extensive stretching of the lung during PLV. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Going to the exclusive show : exhibition strategies and moviegoing memories of Disneys animated feature films in Ghent (1937-1982)

This is a case study of the exploitation and experience of Disney's animated feature films from the 1930s to the 1980s in Ghent (Belgium). It is a historical study of programming practices and financial strategies which constructed childhood memories on watching Disney. The study is a contribution to a historical understanding of the implications of global distribution of film as cultural products and the counter pull of localism. Using a multi-method approach, the argument is made that the scarce screenings were strategically programmed to uplift the moviegoing experience into something out of the ordinary in everyday life. Programming and revenue data characterize the screenings as exclusive and generating high intakes. Consequently, the remembered screenings did not exhale an easy accessible social status nor an image of pervasiveness of popular childhood film, contradictory to conventional accounts of Disney's ubiquity in popular culture