THE EFFECT OF USING SOCRATIC METHOD ON THE STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING AT THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MTSN 1 BANDAR MASILAM

The researcher interested to conduct two things namely academic year 2020/ 2021The Effect of Using Socratic Method on The Students’ Achievement in Speakingat Junior High School MTsN 1 Bandar Masilam. This type of research is a quasiexperimental,with the sampling technique using cluster random sampling. Thetwo classes that became the research were the experimental class VIII 2 and thecontrol class VIII 3 which were suitable for each of the 30 students. The learningoutcome data in the study were obtained using pre-test and post-test. The resultsof the study, the pretest mean value of the experimental class and the control classrespectively were 34.5 and 33.5, then the data prerequisite test was carried out,namely the normality test and the homogeneity test of the data obtained byLhitung<Ltabel (0.0961 <0.161) for the experimental class. And 0.0815 <0.1610for the control class so that the pretest data from both classes were normallydistributed. Fcount<F (1.27 <1.94), then the sample used in the study was statedto be homogeneous, after being treated the posttest results of the experimentalclass were 73.16 and the control class 69.66. The average student learning activityis 64.92 which is classified as active. Hypothesis testing was carried out using thet test, it was obtained tcount = 2.42 and ttable = 1.68 so that tcount>ttable then Hawas accepted so that it could prove that there was damage due to the influence ofthe use of the Socrates method on student speaking in class VIII semester I MTSNNegeri 1 Bandar Masilam TP 2020/2021

Agriculture as a contributor to local economic development (LED) in Nkonkobe Local Municipality

Africa while being underdeveloped in terms of industry and infrastructure has much rural land and therefore has significant potential to provide global food security. This study investigates agriculture as a contributor to economic development of Nkonkobe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. While the potential of agriculture, in Nkonkobe Local Municipality is high, this sector has not been fully developed to the benefit of the community and the municipality at large. The results of this study have pointed out that the Eastern Cape, Nkonkobe Local Municipality in particular is where communal farming is practiced on the largest scale and where further growth can take place. This study is informed by the goals of reconstruction and development, as expressed in the Government’s Reconstruction and Development Programme (1995) tabled to meet the basic needs of the people, develop its human resources and to build the local economy. This study aims to transform Nkonkobe Local Municipality into an economically developed area of Amathole District Municipality, by improving the area’s agricultural contribution to the Local Economic Development (LED) of the area. This study supports entrepreneurship and innovation, job creation, raising the quality of basic services to the poorest citizens of Nkonkobe Local Municipality, and increasing the distribution of agricultural land to small holders. This study promotes the development of agricultural sector, which will enable it to absorb more low skilled labour which will assist in poverty alleviation, and promote LED initiatives. This study also develops and promotes the sustainable contribution of agriculture to LED programmes, and improves the participation of local communities in these programmes. The study was conducted using qualitative research methodology. The findings of the study reveal that agricultural infrastructure in support of LED in Nkonkobe Local Municipality must be established and improved. Such infrastructure should include the reticulation of services, such as irrigation schemes, big dams, farming equipment, tractors, laboratories, cold storages and communication links. These services are currently inadequate in the area, and hamper development and progress that the area clearly has great potential to add in terms of global food security and poverty alleviation

Biological evaluation and semi-synthesis of Isolated compounds from (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) Buds

Natural products play a fundamental role in modern drug discovery as they continue providing diverse bioactive lead compounds for new drug formulation. However, isolation of these valued compounds is problematic. On the other hand, the morbidity and mortality rates caused by non-communicable diseases are increasing with improved longevity. Thus, the study herein focused on the isolation of plant-derived compounds from Syzygium aromaticum and evaluated their biological properties. Syzygium aromaticum is a well-known plant which belongs to family Myrtaceae. Dried flower buds of S. aromaticum were subjected to sequential solvent extraction. The ethyl acetate extract (15.535 g) was subjected to column chromatography using a silica gel (0.063-0.200 mm) for isolation. This has led to the isolation of three distinct compounds that were identified as eugenol, maslinic acid (MA) and oleanolic acid (OA). The structural elucidation of these valued compounds was done using NMR, GC-MS, LC-MS, FT-IR and Mp. Further semi-synthesis of the oleanolic acid afforded acetate and ester OA-derived compounds with better solubility properties. All these compounds were evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. All tested compounds were administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg to both Wistar rats and Swiss mice. Significant (p<0.01) analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties are obtained for all compounds. The effects of eugenol in all experiment were better except in the thermal-induced pain or tail flick test. In the case of modified compounds, the formalin induced pain test disclosed that oleanane derived compounds confessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects better than OA, whereas, in tale flick test oleanolic acid proved superior analgesic effects compared to all its derivatives with the exception of the acetyl-derivative. Acute anti-inflammatory test showed that acetyl-derivatives were more active than other compounds. In conclusion, chromatographic techniques and semi-synthesise of oleanolic acid have resulted to several plant-derived compounds with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The semi-synthesized compounds may serve as alternative drug candidates for new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug formulatio

Percutaneous coil embolization to manage pulmonary artery hemorrhage after distal endarterectomy

Selective pulmonary artery coil embolization can be a viable treatment option for acute pulmonary hemorrhage after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

COVID-19 Pandemic and Cardiovascular Disease

There seems to be a unique interplay between 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and cardiovascular diseases, although it is predominantly a respiratory illness. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular co-morbidities appear to be at highest risk for mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) along with the elderly; COVID-19 also contributes to cardiovascular complications, including acute coronary syndromes, arrhythmias, myocarditis, acute heart failure, and, in the most severe cases, cardiogenic shock and death. Several medications proposed in the treatment of COVID-19 require cardiac monitoring owing to their cardiac-specific adverse effects. Ultimately, the COVID-19 pandemic has jeopardized the safety of heart transplantation and has placed transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapies at significant risk. In this article, the authors summarize the rapidly emerging data on the cardiovascular implications of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Home Return Following Invasive Mechanical Ventilation for the Oldest-Old Patients in Medical Intensive Care Units from Two US Hospitals

Background: The aging of the US population has been associated with an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and correspondingly, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among the oldest-old (age \u3e/=80 years). While previous studies have examined ICU and IMV outcomes in the elderly, very few have focused on patient-centered outcomes, specifically home return, in the oldest-old. We investigated the rate of immediate home return following IMV in the medical ICU in previously home-dwelling oldest-old patients relative to that of a comparison group of 50-70-year olds. Methods: Data were extracted retrospectively from patient records at Elmhurst Hospital Center in Elmhurst, NY, USA, encompassing the period from January 2009 to May 2014 and Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx, NY, USA, from January 2010 to March 2014. Medical ICU admissions within those date ranges were screened for possible inclusion into one of two study groups based on age: \u3e/=80 years old and 50-70 years old. The primary end point was hospital discharge: home return versus no home return (death or nonhome discharge). Cox proportional hazards\u27 regression models were used to estimate crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for failure to return home. Results: A total of 375 patients were included in the analysis: 279 (74%) patients aged 50-70 years and 96 (26%) patients aged \u3e/=80 years. Compared to 50-70-year olds, being \u3e/=80 years old was associated with a nearly two-fold greater risk of no home return: adjusted HR: 1.96; 95% CI 1.43-2.67. The oldest-old was at significantly increased risk of both being discharged to a skilled nursing facility or subacute rehabilitation (adjusted HR: 2.19; 95% CI 1.33-3.59) as well as of dying in the hospital (adjusted HR: 1.81; 95% CI 1.21-2.71). Conclusion: Previously home-dwelling oldest-old are at significantly increased risk of failing to return home immediately following medical ICU admission with IMV as compared to patients aged 50-70 years. These results can help medical ICU staff establish appropriate expectations when addressing the families of their oldest patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential for delayed home return among the oldest old and to assess the ability of frailty indices to predict home return within this ICU population

Mesothelioma - A rare cause of dysphagia

A 81-year-old elderly Caucasian male presented with progressive dysphagia and unintentional weight loss over four months. His history was significant for asbestos exposure; however there was no history of asbestos related lung disease. Barium swallow showed achalasia and a subsequent CT chest showed a posterior mediastinal mass 11.8×9.1×5.8cm, compressing the distal oesophagus. Laparoscopic biopsy of the mass showed an epitheloid mesothelioma. Mass was deemed unresectable and patient was started on chemotherapy with Cisplatin/Pemetrexed. Localised mesothelioma is extremely rare, and dysphagia can be uncommon presenting feature. 7.4 per cent of cases of Pseudoachalasia are attributed to mesothelioma

Analisis Struktur Morfologi Dan Gugus Fungsi Serbuk Kopi Robusta Toraja

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. The purpose of this research is to examine the morphological structure and composition of Toraja Robusta coffee. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphological structure and elemental analysis of Robusta coffee powder, as well as functional group analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Microscopic examination reveals that the surface of Toraja Robusta coffee grounds is uneven. Furthermore, the elements Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Potassium, and Magnesium were discovered in Toraja Robusta coffee powder. Furthermore, functional group analysis results show that Toraja Robusta coffee powder has several functional groups at various wave numbers. This research advances our understanding of the morphological structure and composition of Toraja Robusta coffee powder, which can be used as a reference in coffee processing and marketing. Furthermore, the findings of this study can help improve the quality and selling value of Toraja Robusta coffee as a local Indonesian coffee product that is distinct and distinct from other types of coffee

Mechanisms of Myocardial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly presents with symptoms of fever, fatigue, cough and respiratory failure. However, it appears to have a unique interplay with cardiovascular disease (CVD); patients with pre-existing CVD are at highest risk for mortality from COVID-19, along with the elderly. COVID-19 contributes to cardiovascular complications including arrhythmias, myocardial dysfunction and myocardial inflammation. Although the exact mechanism of myocardial inflammation in patients with COVID-19 is not known, several plausible mechanisms have been proposed based on early observational reports. In this article, the authors summarise the available literature on mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19

CardioMEMS Implantation Using Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent: A Case Report

A 57-year-old woman with New York Heart Association Class III heart failure requiring multiple hospitalisations over the previous year presented for CardioMEMS implantation. Because of the patient’s allergy history of anaphylaxis to iodine-based contrast agent she underwent the device implantation with gadolinium-based contrast agent (Magnevist), which was successful