Isolasi dan Aktivitas Penstabil Oksigen Singlet Fraksi Fenolik dari Ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi perbedaan fraksi fenolik yang terdapat pada ekstrak andaliman dan menentukan aktivitas penstabilan oksigen singlet. Buah andaliman diekstraksi secara berturut­turut dengan heksana, aseton dan etanol (1:5) selama 24 jam. Ekstrak buah andaliman selanjutnya dipisahkan dengan metode elusi gradien dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan etil asetat­metanol sebagai fasa gerak dan silika gel G­60 sebagai fasa diam. Aktivitas penstabilan oksigen singlet diuji menggunakan asam linoleat sebagai substrat yang mengandung 100 ppm eritrosin sebagai fotosensitiser. Fraksi aktif dikarakterisasi dengan teknik spektrometer IR dan UV. Fraksi II dite- mukan memiliki sifat­sifat sebagai penstabil oksigen singlet yang sama efektifnya dengan fraksi III. Efek penstabilan fraksi II dan III lebih tinggi daripada α­tokoferol (p<0,05). Fraksi II diidentifikasi dengan spektrometer IR dan sampel menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penyerapan yang sangat kuat pada 3356 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya gugus hi- droksil dari senyawa fenolik sedangkan spektra UV menunjukkan data fraksi aktif mengindikasikan adanya serapan maksimum berturut­turut adalah 204, 221 dan 272 nm. Kesimpulannya adalah komponen fraksi ekstrak andaliman menunjukkan aktivitas penstabilan oksigen merupakan komponen yang memiliki gugus fenolik

The Increase of Arthropods Biodiversity in Paddy Field Ecosystem Managed by Using Integrated Pest Management at South Borneo

We have studied the arthropods biodiversity in two paddy field ecosystems, namely, paddy field ecosystem using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system and non-IPM paddy field ecosystem. This study was conducted from April 2011 - November 2011 in three locations, that is, Pasar Kamis village and Sungai Rangas village in Banjar regency, and Guntung Payung village in Banjarbaru city, South Borneo Province. In this study, we used insect nets, yellow sticky traps, light trap and pitfall trap to get the sample or catch the arthropods in one period of planting season. The arthropods caught were then classified into some classes: pest (herbivore), natural enemy (parasitoid and predator), and other arthropods. After that, the Species Diversity Index was determined using its Shannon-Wiener Index (H), Evenness (e), Species Richness (R), and Species Similarity Index (IS). The sum of arthropods which have the characteristic of pest and parasitoid were higher in the IPM paddy fields than in the non-IPM paddy fields, and the sum of other arthropods were the same. The highest H and e values were in the IPM paddy field in Pasar Kamis village. The IS value for each three locations were 77.5% in Pasar Kamis village, 93.42% in Guntung Payung village, and 78.76% in Sungai Rangas village

Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals a Major Role in Cell Fate Maintenance and an Unexpected Role in Endoreduplication for the Drosophila FoxA Gene Fork Head

Transcription factors drive organogenesis, from the initiation of cell fate decisions to the maintenance and implementation of these decisions. The Drosophila embryonic salivary gland provides an excellent platform for unraveling the underlying transcriptional networks of organ development because Drosophila is relatively unencumbered by significant genetic redundancy. The highly conserved FoxA family transcription factors are essential for various aspects of organogenesis in all animals that have been studied. Here, we explore the role of the single Drosophila FoxA protein Fork head (Fkh) in salivary gland organogenesis using two genome-wide strategies. A large-scale in situ hybridization analysis reveals a major role for Fkh in maintaining the salivary gland fate decision and controlling salivary gland physiological activity, in addition to its previously known roles in morphogenesis and survival. The majority of salivary gland genes (59%) are affected by fkh loss, mainly at later stages of salivary gland development. We show that global expression of Fkh cannot drive ectopic salivary gland formation. Thus, unlike the worm FoxA protein PHA-4, Fkh does not function to specify cell fate. In addition, Fkh only indirectly regulates many salivary gland genes, which is also distinct from the role of PHA-4 in organogenesis. Our microarray analyses reveal unexpected roles for Fkh in blocking terminal differentiation and in endoreduplication in the salivary gland and in other Fkh-expressing embryonic tissues. Overall, this study demonstrates an important role for Fkh in determining how an organ preserves its identity throughout development and provides an alternative paradigm for how FoxA proteins function in organogenesis

Lamin A Rod Domain Mutants Target Heterochromatin Protein 1α and β for Proteasomal Degradation by Activation of F-Box Protein, FBXW10

Lamins are major structural proteins of the nucleus and contribute to the organization of various nuclear functions. Mutations in the human lamin A gene cause a number of highly degenerative diseases, collectively termed as laminopathies. Cells expressing lamin mutations exhibit abnormal nuclear morphology and altered heterochromatin organization; however, the mechanisms responsible for these defects are not well understood.The lamin A rod domain mutants G232E, Q294P and R386K are either diffusely distributed or form large aggregates in the nucleoplasm, resulting in aberrant nuclear morphology in various cell types. We examined the effects of these lamin mutants on the distribution of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) isoforms. HeLa cells expressing these mutants showed a heterogeneous pattern of HP1alpha and beta depletion but without altering HP1gamma levels. Changes in HP1alpha and beta were not observed in cells expressing wild-type lamin A or mutant R482L, which assembled normally at the nuclear rim. Treatment with proteasomal inhibitors led to restoration of levels of HP1 isoforms and also resulted in stable association of lamin mutants with the nuclear periphery, rim localization of the inner nuclear membrane lamin-binding protein emerin and partial improvement of nuclear morphology. A comparison of the stability of HP1 isoforms indicated that HP1alpha and beta displayed increased turnover and higher basal levels of ubiquitination than HP1gamma. Transcript analysis of components of the ubiquitination pathway showed that a specific F-box protein, FBXW10 was induced several-fold in cells expressing lamin mutants. Importantly, ectopic expression of FBXW10 in HeLa cells led to depletion of HP1alpha and beta without alteration of HP1gamma levels.Mislocalized lamins can induce ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of certain HP1 isoforms by activation of FBXW10, a member of the F-box family of proteins that is involved in E3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Dynamic Chromatin Organization during Foregut Development Mediated by the Organ Selector Gene PHA-4/FoxA

Central regulators of cell fate, or selector genes, establish the identity of cells by direct regulation of large cohorts of genes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, foregut (or pharynx) identity relies on the FoxA transcription factor PHA-4, which activates different sets of target genes at various times and in diverse cellular environments. An outstanding question is how PHA-4 distinguishes between target genes for appropriate transcriptional control. We have used the Nuclear Spot Assay and GFP reporters to examine PHA-4 interactions with target promoters in living embryos and with single cell resolution. While PHA-4 was found throughout the digestive tract, binding and activation of pharyngeally expressed promoters was restricted to a subset of pharyngeal cells and excluded from the intestine. An RNAi screen of candidate nuclear factors identified emerin (emr-1) as a negative regulator of PHA-4 binding within the pharynx, but emr-1 did not modulate PHA-4 binding in the intestine. Upon promoter association, PHA-4 induced large-scale chromatin de-compaction, which, we hypothesize, may facilitate promoter access and productive transcription. Our results reveal two tiers of PHA-4 regulation. PHA-4 binding is prohibited in intestinal cells, preventing target gene expression in that organ. PHA-4 binding within the pharynx is limited by the nuclear lamina component EMR-1/emerin. The data suggest that association of PHA-4 with its targets is a regulated step that contributes to promoter selectivity during organ formation. We speculate that global re-organization of chromatin architecture upon PHA-4 binding promotes competence of pharyngeal gene transcription and, by extension, foregut development

The rank reversal problem in multi-criteria decision making : a literature review

Despite the importance of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques for constructing effective decision models, there are many criticisms due to the occurrence of a problem called rank reversal. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic literature review on this important subject which involves different methods. This study reviews the pertinent literature on rank reversal, based on 130 related articles published from 1980 to 2015 in international journals, which were gathered and analyzed according to the following perspectives: multicriteria technique, year and journal in which the papers were published, co-authorship network, rank reversal types, and research goal. Thus our survey provides recommendations for future research, besides useful information and knowledge regarding rank reversal in the MCDM field

Kekuatan Mahasiswa Berwirausaha: Kasus di Universitas Padjadjaran

Penelitian ini berjudul “Kekuatan Mahasiswa Berwirausaha: Kasus di Universitas Padjadjaran”. Fenomena saat ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan yang tinggi belum menjamin seseorang dapat memperoleh pekerjaan dengan mudah. Data statistik (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2017) mencatat bahwa sebanyak 618.758 lulusan universitas di Indonesia yang belum memiliki pekerjaan tetap. Berwirausaha sejak mahasiswa menjadi salah satu alternatif alternatif, sekaligus menunjukkan potensi kekuatan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi persoalan tersebut. Dalam merespon potensi berwirausaha di kalangan mahasiswa, beragam program telah ditawarkan oleh Pemerintah melalui Kementrian Riset dan Pendidikan Tinggi untuk mendorong mahasiswa berwirausaha dapat terus berkembang baik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang terdaftar aktif sebagai mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran dan berwirausaha dalam rentang waktu 1-3 tahun. Metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, serta dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui proses penyuntingan, pengkodean, dan tabulasi data, serta interpretasi data dan display. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan mahasiswa berwirausaha di Universitas Padjadjaran memiliki potensi kekuatan dan peluang usaha yang termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Pendampingan berkesinambungan melalui workshop-workshop pada mahasiswa berwirausaha perlu secara serius dilakukan oleh pihak perguruan tinggi, yang bermitra dengan pelaku-pelaku usaha, baik swasta maupun pemerintah. Agar usaha yang telah dirintis oleh para mahasiswa tersebut dapat sinambung setelah mereka lulus kuliah. This research is entitled "The Strength of Entrepreneurial Students: Cases in Padjadjaran University". The current phenomenon shows that a high level of education does not guarantee that someone can get a job easily. Statistical data (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2017) notes that 618,758 university graduates in Indonesia do not have permanent employment. Entrepreneurship since students become one alternative alternative, as well as showing the potential strength of students in facing the problem. In responding to the potential of entrepreneurship among students, various programs have been offered by the Government through the Ministry of Research and Higher Education to encourage entrepreneurship students to continue to grow well. The population in this study are students who are enrolled as active students of Padjadjaran University and entrepreneurship within the span of 1-3 years. Descriptive research method with a quantitative approach, and by collecting data using questionnaires, observation, and literature study. Data analysis is done through the process of editing, coding, and data tabulation, as well as data interpretation and display. The results of this study indicate that the strength of entrepreneurial students at Padjadjaran University has the potential strength and business opportunities that fall into the high category. Continuous mentoring through student workshops on entrepreneurship needs to be seriously undertaken by the universities, in partnership with business actors, both private and public. So that the efforts that have been initiated by the students can continue after they graduate from college

Pekerjaan Sosial untuk Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia

Pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) merupakan salah satu bidang kerja dari pekerjaan sosial okupasi atau disebut juga dengan pekerjaan sosial industri.Pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait pengembangan SDM relevan dengan kompetensi pekerjaan sosial yang dipelajari di pendidikan pekerjaan sosial-yang di Indonesia disebut dengan studi kesejahteraan sosial-. Pengembangan SDM sejalan dengan perspektif kekuatan (strength based) yang digunakan dalam pekerjaan sosial yang memberi perhatian khusus pada sisi kekuatan dari manusia sehingga profesi ini dalam praktiknya terlibat dalam upaya mengubah dan mengembangkan perilaku manusia untuk mencapai kualitas hidup yang diharapan baik secara personal maupun sosial. Pekerjaan sosial okupasi memaksimalkan potensi manusia dan memelihara adaptasi optimal antara individu dan lingkungan kerjanya. Pekerja sosial melaksanakan tugasnya agar orang-orang di lingkungan kerja memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik sehingga kepuasan konsumen, keuntungan Perusahaan, produktivitas dan kepuasan karyawan dapat tercapai. Diantara tugas pekerja sosial okupasi dalam bidang pengembangan SDM yaitu terlibat dalam manajemen personalia, melaksanakan kegiatan edukasi yang tekait dengan mengubah mindset dan pembiasaan perilaku baru, penanganan karyawan bermasalah dan konseling, mediasi, networking, dan modifikasi lingkungan yang kondusif untuk bekerja