Perencaaan Penggunaan Lahan Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sumberdaya Air Di DAS Way Besai - Lampung

The problems on water resource are the decreasing of water supply due to the impact of land use changes. The population growth and the rising economy activity lead to the increasing of water demands. Way Besai area of 44,720 hectares has an important role in the provision of water resources. The aims of this research are: to assess the water supply and demand, to assess the water balance and, to formulate the best recommendation of land management planning. This research was conducted in 2011. The SCS (Soil Conservation Service) model was applied to determine land use planning scenarios and run-off prediction. The result shows that the water demand in Way Besai Watershed is 441,450,909m3/year, while water supply is 460,452,600 m3/year. Application of community forestry by applying agroforestry system, implementation of forest rehabilitation on area outside HKm permit, and conducting the change for coffee monoculture to mixed coffee crop in the area outside the forest is considered the best scenario of land management for Way Besai watershed. This scenario could produce 1,055.79 mm/years run-off, coefficient total runoff is 38.52%, water supply is 472,147,141 m3/years, storage is 7,911,616 m3/years and, can meet the of water demand in the dry months at 58.48%

Influence of continuous and intermittent water regimes on methane emissions from irrigated rice crops in southeast Brazil.

Irrigated rice crops in Brazil correspond to 35% of the total rice area and the preferred irrigation method is continuous flooding. In this study two water management systems ? continuous and intermittent flooding ? were monitored for the purpose of comparing their methane emission potential. Intermittent flooding was characterized by alternating flooding and draining periods during the rice cropping cycle. In both systems nitrogen fertilizers were applied twice (NPK and urea alone). Methane fluxes were determined using a closed chamber method (boxes 60x60 cm), and analyzed by GC-FID. Samples were collected from 4 boxes (2 boxes for each water management system) twice a week, for a weekly total of 46 samples. Measurements of air and soil temperature, soil and water pH, redox potential, plant biomass were done. After 104 days the accumulated fluxes resulted in a mean methane emission of 21.1 9 g CH4 m-2 d-1 under the continuous flooding regime and 23.9 g CH4 m-2 d-1 under the intermittent flooding regime. After the two N fertilizer application, methane fluxes decreased in all boxes, with a more marked reduction occurring in the intermittent regime stands. Total accumulated methane emissions, as well as grain yield, were evaluated for each water management system at the end of the cropping season, showing 13% higher productivity in the field under intermittent flooding system. The objectives of the present study were (i) to improve methane emission estimates and compare the emission potential of traditionally managed crop systems and (ii) to study the possibility of minimizing water consumption and the influence on the methane fluxes without deleterious effects to the crop

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PADA MATERI POKOK LARUTAN PENYANGGA UNTUK KELAS XI IPA DI SMA NEGERI 3 UNGGULAN PALEMBANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif pada pembelajaran kimia yang valid, praktis dan efektif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan modifikasi dari model pengembangan Rowntree dan evaluasi formatif Tessmer. Penelitian ini melalui tahap perencanaan, pengembangan dan evaluasi. Untuk menguji kevalidan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif akan divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli pedagogik dan ahli desain pembelajaran. Selain itu, untuk menguji kepraktikalitas bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif akan diujicobakan secara one to one dan small group, sedangkan untuk menguji efektivitas terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik dilakukan field test. Pengumpulan data menggunakan walkthrough, wawancara, angket dan tes hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap tes hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar sebesar 58,8 dimana rerata hasil pretest yaitu 30,3 sedangkan rerata hasil posttest yaitu 89,1 serta diperoleh N-gain score sebesar 0,84 yang termasuk kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan validitas ahli, uji one to one, smallgroup dan field test menyimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis multimedia interaktif sudah valid, praktis dan efektif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Disarankan bagi setiap guru mampu berinovasi menggunakan bahan ajar untuk meningkatkan keaktifan peserta didik dalam belajar kimia yang sebagian besar konsepnya bersifat abstrak sehingga mudah dipahami dan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sedangkan bagi peserta didik, hendaknya dapat mempelajari bahan ajar yang dikembangkan oleh guru untuk membantu meningkatkan pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sementara bagi sekolah, hendaknya pihak sekolah mendukung guru dengan menyediakan sarana dan prasarana agar guru mampu berinovasi dalam penggunaan bahan ajar didalam kelas

Biohydrogen production from fermentation of sweet sorhgum (Sorghum biocular L) by Interobacter aerogenes ADH-43 in the packed-bed reactor

Hydrogen gas (H2) is one of a clean energy because its combustion produces only water vapor and heat, and leaves no carbon emissions. H2 gas is an energy future that promises both from the aspect of social, economic, or environmental. One of potential raw material for H2 gas production is Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). It is an annual plant native of tropical adaptive in hot and dry season. Moreover, it has a high biomass production , it also can adapt to extreme and sub-tropical regions. The objective of this experimental work was to produce gas H2 using sweet sorghum at packed-bed reactor by Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43 and to get optimum dilution rate in order to increase gas H2 production. The reactor used is a packed bed with a working volume of 450 mL and total volume of 900 mL, height 60 cm with a diameter of 4 cm. The reactor is equipped with a coat of water associated with water heating to the temperature maintained at 37 ° C ± 1 oC. It also linked to the flask containing the Ca (OH) 2 which serves to capture the CO2 gas produced, so expect only the H2 gas. Batch experiments were performed in the beginning, the fresh sorghum medium was fed into the reactor before two hours of the stationary phase in order to achieve continuous culture. The steady state condition showed that that optimum dilution rate was 0.15 h-1 with H2 gasproduction 81.50 mmol/L.h and yield 0.87 mol H2/mol total sugar

PENGEMBANGAN PERLUASAN PRODUK PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GAVALA BAGI GURU KIMIA DI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU SUMATERA SELATAN

Abstrak: Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah tersusunnya contoh Rencana Program Pembelajaran kimia SMA dan/atau SMK bernuansa Kurikulum 2013 terintegrasi Model Pembelajaran GAVALA dan simulasi terbatas keterampilan penerapan Model GAVALA. Khalayak sasaran yang sangat strategis untuk kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah 10 guru kimia dari SMAN dan SMKN di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Sumatera Selatan. Model kegiatan adalah pengembang perluasan penerapan produk, metode pelaksanaan berupa presentasi, ipteks yang diintroduksi adalah Model Pembelajaran GAVALA. Peningkatan itu berupa tersusunnya contoh Rencana Program Pembelajaran Model GAVALA dan simulasi terbatas praktik Model Pembelajaran GAVALA di depan para peserta pengabdian. Simpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah Para guru sebagai khalayak sasaran dapat menerapkan Model Pembelajaran GAVALA. Peningkatan kemampuan menerapkan itu berupa tersusunnya contoh kegiatan dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran bernuansa  Model Pembelajaran GAVALA. Peningkatan itu dibuktikan dengan gain skor sebesar 1,00 dengan kategori tinggi. Saran dari kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah agar guru khalayak sasaran dapat menerapkan Model Pembelajaran GAVALA pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas.       Abstract: The purpose of this service activity is to compile examples of the 2013 High School Chemistry and Vocational High School Chemistry Learning Program Plan integrated with the GAVALA Learning Model and limited simulation of the application skills of the GAVALA Model. A very strategic target audience for community service activities are 10 chemistry teachers from “SMAN” and “SMKN” in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra. The activity model is the assistance/product expansion, the implementation method in the form of a presentation, the science and technology introduced is the GAVALA Learning Model. The increase was in the form of the preparation of examples of the GAVALA Model Learning Program Plan and the limited simulation of the GAVALA Learning Model Practice in front of the devoted participants. The conclusions of this community service activity are Teachers as the target audience can apply the GAVALA Learning Model. Improving the ability to apply is in the form of compiling examples of core activities in the Learning Implementation Plan nuanced GAVALA Learning Model. The increase was evidenced by a score gain of 1.00 with a high category. The suggestion from this community service activity is that the target audience teachers can apply the GAVALA Learning Model for the implementation of learning in the classroom

Probing host pathogen cross-talk by transcriptional profiling of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and infected human dendritic cells and macrophages

This study provides the proof of principle that probing the host and the microbe transcriptomes simultaneously is a valuable means to accessing unique information on host pathogen interactions. Our results also underline the extraordinary plasticity of host cell and pathogen responses to infection, and provide a solid framework to further understand the complex mechanisms involved in immunity to M. tuberculosis and in mycobacterial adaptation to different intracellular environments

The pre-history of health psychology in the UK: From natural science and psychoanalysis to social science, social cognition and beyond

Health psychology formally came of age in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but it was prefigured by much discussion about challenges to the dominance of biomedicine in healthcare and debates. This articles focuses on what could be termed the pre-history of health psychology in the UK. This was the period in the earlier 20th century when psychological approaches were dominated by psychoanalysis which was followed by behaviourism and then cognitivism. Review of this pre-history provides the backdrop for the rise of health psychology in the UK and also reveals the tensions between the different theoretical perspectives

Beyond ‘geo-economics’: advanced unevenness and the anatomy of German austerity

This article aims to shed new light on Germany’s domineering role in the eurocrisis. I argue that the realist-inspired depiction of Germany as a ‘geo-economic power’, locked into zero-sum competition with its European partners, is built around an empty core: unable to theorise how anarchy shapes the calculus of states where security competition has receded, it cannot explain why German state managers have insisted on an austerity response to the crisis despite its significant risks and costs even for Germany itself. To unlock this puzzle, this article outlines a version of uneven and combined development (UCD) that is better able to capture the international pressures and opportunities faced by policy elites in advanced capitalist states that no longer encounter one another as direct security rivals. Applied to Germany, this lens reveals a twofold unevenness in the historical structures and growth cycles of capitalist economies that shape its contradictory choice for austerity. In the long run, the reorientation of the export-dependent German economy from Europe towards Asian and Latin American late industrialisers renders the structural adjustment of the eurozone an opportunity—from the cost-saving view of German manufacturers producing in the European home market for export abroad, as well as for German state officials keen to sustain a crumbling class compromise centred on Germany’s world market success. In the short term, however, its exposed position between the divergent post-crisis trajectories of the US and Europe accelerates pressures for austerity beyond what German state and corporate elites would otherwise consider feasible

Low-surface energy surfactants with branched hydrocarbon architectures

International audienceSurface tensiometry and small-angle neutron scattering have been used to characterize a new class of low-surface energy surfactants (LSESs), "hedgehog" surfactants. These surfactants are based on highly branched hydrocarbon (HC) chains as replacements for environmentally hazardous fluorocarbon surfactants and polymers. Tensiometric analyses indicate that a subtle structural modification in the tails and headgroup results in significant effects on limiting surface tensions γcmc at the critical micelle concentration: a higher level of branching and an increased counterion size promote an effective reduction of surface tension to low values for HC surfactants (γcmc 24 mN m-1). These LSESs present a new class of potentially very important materials, which form lamellar aggregates in aqueous solutions independent of dilution