36 research outputs found
Barn owl feathers as biomonitors of mercury: sources of variation in sampling procedures.
Given their central role in mercury (Hg) excretion and suitability as reservoirs, bird feathers are useful Hg biomonitors. Nevertheless, the interpretation of Hg concentrations is still questioned as a result of a poor knowledge of feather physiology and mechanisms affecting Hg deposition. Given the constraints of feather availability to ecotoxicological studies, we tested the effect of intra-individual differences in Hg concentrations according to feather type (body vs. flight feathers), position in the wing and size (mass and length) in order to understand how these factors could affect Hg estimates. We measured Hg concentration of 154 feathers from 28 un-moulted barn owls (Tyto alba), collected dead on roadsides. Median Hg concentration was 0.45 (0.076-4.5) mg kg(-1) in body feathers, 0.44 (0.040-4.9) mg kg(-1) in primary and 0.60 (0.042-4.7) mg kg(-1) in secondary feathers, and we found a poor effect of feather type on intra-individual Hg levels. We also found a negative effect of wing feather mass on Hg concentration but not of feather length and of its position in the wing. We hypothesize that differences in feather growth rate may be the main driver of between-feather differences in Hg concentrations, which can have implications in the interpretation of Hg concentrations in feathers. Finally, we recommend that, whenever possible, several feathers from the same individual should be analysed. The five innermost primaries have lowest mean deviations to both between-feather and intra-individual mean Hg concentration and thus should be selected under restrictive sampling scenarios
DT-TTF Salts with [Cu(dcdmp)2]−: The Richness of Different Stoichiometries
(DT-TTF)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] (1), (DT-TTF)(2)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] (2), and (DT-TTF)(3)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)](2) (3) are three new charge transfer salts obtained by electrocrystallization of the donor DT-TTF (dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene) with the diamagnetic copper complex [Cu(dcdmp)(2)](-) (dcdmp = 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dimercaptopyrazine). Compounds 1 and 3 crystallize in the triclinic system and consist of out-of-registry layers of mixed stacks of donor and acceptor molecules. (DT-TTF)(2)[Cu(dcdmp)(2)] presents a structure similar to the parent spin-ladder systems with donor stacks arranged in pairs; however, a magnetic spin-ladder behavior is not observed probably due to strong interactions between pairs. Compound 3, despite the mixed nature of the stacks, displays relatively high conductivity (7 S/cm) due to a one-dimensional network of interactions between donors.This work was supported by FCT (Portugal) through contracts PTDC/QEQ-SUP/1413/2012 and
UID/Multi/04349/2013 and by DGI, Spain (CTQ2013-40480), the Generalitat de Catalunya
(2014SGR0017), the CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN),
promoted by ISCIII, Spain. R. A. L. S. is thankful to FCT for the PhD grant
SFRH/BD/86131/2012.Peer reviewe
Improving the identification of high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients in clinical practice
Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) represents a challenging disease state in prostate cancer care. nmCRPC patients with a high risk of progression to metastatic disease who are identified by a prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) ≤10 months are eligible for treatment with the novel androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs), shown to delay disease progression and extend survival. However, nmCRPC is often unexploited in clinical practice due to a lack of standardization in the methodology and in the tools used for its identification. In this article, a group of Urology and Oncology specialists with acknowledged expertise in prostate cancer reviews the state of the art in the management of high-risk nmCRPC patients, identifies gaps and unmet needs, and proposes strategies to optimize the identification of this patient subgroup in the clinical practice and improve their health outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Global biogeographical patterns in the diet of a cosmopolitan avian predator
Aim: The investigation of biogeographical patterns in the diet of widely distributed predators is essential to understand their ecology, life history traits and local adaptations. However, it is particularly challenging because of their wide distribution, broad trophic spectra and high ecological plasticity. Here, we described patterns of trophic ecology in a cosmopolitan nocturnal raptor, the common barn owl group, from a biogeographical perspective. We then compared variation in diet between barn owls living in the Americas (T. furcata), and those inhabiting Europe, Middle-East and Africa (T. alba), thus hunting on different assemblages of prey types. Location: World. Taxon: Barn owl species complex. Methods: We reviewed 790 studies reporting diet information of 971 locations (3,733,902 individual vertebrate prey), and investigated the variation in different diet parameters, reflecting taxonomic diversity, size of the prey and frequency of certain prey types according to geographical and climatic variables. Results: While confirming that the barn owl is a selective mammal hunter with variable taxa constituting its staple food in different regions, we also found significant geographical and climatic trends in several diet parameters. Although prey composition differed among continents, most of the patterns, including an increase in proportion of mammal prey in cold environments, an increase in diet diversity with elevation, a decrease in small prey consumption from high to low latitudes and at increasing temperature, and a decrease in rodent predation in humid habitats, were similar between T. furcata and T. alba. A strong island effect was observed for all diet parameters. Main conclusion: Our results indicate a generalized pattern of variation in barn owl diet across biogeographical regions, suggesting that similar prey communities occur in habitats with comparable ecological conditions and/or that different barn owl populations living in similar climate convergently evolved similar food preferences and hunting strategies
Intracluster light in clusters of galaxies at redshifts 0.4<z<0.8
The study of intracluster light can help us to understand the mechanisms
taking place in galaxy clusters, and to place constraints on the cluster
formation history and physical properties. However, owing to the intrinsic
faintness of ICL emission, most searches and detailed studies of ICL have been
limited to redshifts z<0.4.We search for ICL in a subsample of ten clusters
detected by the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS), at redshifts 0.4<z<0.8,
that are also part of our DAFT/FADA Survey. We analyze the ICL by applying the
OV WAV package, a wavelet-based technique, to deep HST ACS images in the F814W
filter and to V-band VLT/FORS2 images of three clusters. Detection levels are
assessed as a function of the diffuse light source surface brightness using
simulations. In the F814W filter images, we detect diffuse light sources in all
the clusters, with typical sizes of a few tens of kpc (assuming that they are
at the cluster redshifts). The ICL detected by stacking the ten F814W images
shows an 8sigma detection in the source center extending over a ~50x50kpc2
area, with a total absolute magnitude of -21.6 in the F814W filter, equivalent
to about two L* galaxies per cluster. We find a weak correlation between the
total F814W absolute magnitude of the ICL and the cluster velocity dispersion
and mass. There is no apparent correlation between the cluster mass-to-light
ratio (M/L) and the amount of ICL, and no evidence for any preferential
orientation in the ICL source distribution. We find no strong variation in the
amount of ICL between z=0 and z=0.8. In addition, we find wavelet-detected
compact objects (WDCOs) in the three clusters for which data in two bands are
available; these objects are probably very faint compact galaxies that in some
cases are members of the respective clusters. We have shown that ICL is
important in clusters at least up to z=0.8.Comment: Accepted in A&A. Six figures in jpg format. Paper still to be
improved by A&A english correcto
A Methyl Substituted Thiophenic-TTF Donor and its Salts
α-Methyldithiophene–tetrathiafulvalene (α-mDT-TTF), the
first alkyl-substituted thiophene–tetrathiafulvalene electronic
donor, and some of its charge-transfer salts were explored.
The crystal structure of α-mDT-TTF is composed of
molecular stacks aligned parallel to each other. Its cyclic voltammetry
shows higher electron-donor ability than the unsubstituted
analogue. This material was employed as a semiconductor
in an organic field-effect transistor and showed a
mobility of 4 10–4 cm2V–1 s–1. Two charge-transfer salts of this donor with [M(mnt)2]– anions (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate),
M = Co and Au, were obtained by electrocrystallization;
they present unusual stoichiometries: (α-mDTTTF)[
Co(mnt)2] and (α-mDT-TTF)3[Au(mnt)2]2. In the cobalt
compound, the donor molecules are fully oxidized and the Co
complex is dimerized; it presents semiconducting behavior
(7 10–3 Scm–1). The gold compound is composed of alternating
stacks of donor trimers and pairs of anions.This work was supported by Portuguese Fundação do Ministério
de Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through contract PTDC/QEQ-SUP/
1413/2012, UID/Multi/04349/2013, RECI/QEQ-QIN/0189/2012
and PhD grant SFRH/BD/86131/2012.We also acknowledge financial
support of the European Union (EU) project ERC StG 2012-
306826 e-GAMES and the Networking Research Center of Bioengineering,
Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), the
Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), and
Fondos Europeos para el Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) with project
BE-WELL CTQ2013-40480-R and the Generalitat de Catalunya
with project 2014-SGR. We acknowledge the European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation
facilities, and we would like to thank Jonathan Wright for assistance
in using beamline ID11.
[Peer reviewe
DAWIS: a detection algorithm with wavelets for intracluster light studies
International audienceContext. Large numbers of deep optical images will be available in the near future, allowing statistically significant studies of low surface brightness structures such as intracluster light (ICL) in galaxy clusters. The detection of these structures requires efficient algorithms dedicated to this task, which traditional methods find difficult to solve. Aims. We present our new detection algorithm with wavelets for intracluster light studies (DAWIS), which we developed and optimized for the detection of low surface brightness sources in images, in particular (but not limited to) ICL. Methods. DAWIS follows a multiresolution vision based on wavelet representation to detect sources. It is embedded in an iterative procedure called synthesis-by-analysis approach to restore the unmasked light distribution of these sources with very good quality. The algorithm is built so that sources can be classified based on criteria depending on the analysis goal. We present the case of ICL detection and the measurement of ICL fractions. We test the efficiency of DAWIS on 270 mock images of galaxy clusters with various ICL profiles and compare its efficiency to more traditional ICL detection methods such as the surface brightness threshold method. We also run DAWIS on a real galaxy cluster image, and compare the output to results obtained with previous multiscale analysis algorithms. Results. We find in simulations that DAWIS is on average able to separate galaxy light from ICL more efficiently, and to detect a greater quantity of ICL flux because of the way sky background noise is treated. We also show that the ICL fraction, a metric used on a regular basis to characterize ICL, is subject to several measurement biases on galaxies and ICL fluxes. In the real galaxy cluster image, DAWIS detects a faint and extended source with an absolute magnitude two orders brighter than previous multiscale methods