Assessing the Impact of Automatic vs. Controlled Rotations on Spatial Transfer with a Joystick and a Walking Interface in VR

Part 1: Long and Short PapersInternational audienceWe present a user study assessing spatial transfer in a 3D navigation task, with two different motor activities: a minimal (joystick) and an extensive motor activity (walking Interface), with rotations of the viewpoint either controlled by the user, or automatically managed by the system. The task consisted in learning a virtual path of a 3D model of a real city, with either one of these four conditions: Joystick / Treadmill Vs Manual Rotation / Automatic Rotation. We assessed spatial knowledge with six spatial restitution tasks. To assess the interfaces used, we analyzed also the interaction data acquired during the learning path. Our results show that the direct control of rotations has different effects, depending on the motor activity required by the input modality. The quality of spatial representation increases with the Treadmill when rotations are enabled. With the Joystick, controlling the rotations affect spatial representations. We discuss our findings in terms of cognitive, sensorimotor processes and human computer interaction issues

Regioselectivity in the reactions of methoxydehydrobenzenes with furans. Part 3. 3-Methoxyfuran and methoxydehydrobenzenes and the chemistry of their adducts

The cycloadditions of methoxydehydrobenzenes containing a 3-methoxy group and 3-methoxyfuran are highly regioselective. The adducts, 1,4-dihydro-2-methoxy-1,4-epoxynaphthalenes, undergo mild acid-catalysed hydrolysis providing, first, an isolable 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methoxy-1,4-epoxy-naphthalen-2-ol, and then a 3,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalen-2(1H)-one. The chemistry of these ketones is explored. One of them, 3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-1,4-epoxynaphthalen-2(1H)-one, readily undergoes catalytic reduction to yield the hexahydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene-2,5(1H,4aH)dione. The X-ray molecular structure of this dione and of the 2-monobrosyl ester of the derived diol are reported. Treatment of the above adducts with trifluoroacetic acid and acetic anhydride provides a convenient synthesis of 1-acetoxy-2-methoxynaphthalenes

Three-Fold division of the Cretaceous Period: A proposal

The middle Cretaceous recorded major depositional and biotic events in carbonate shelves, epeiric seaways, and deep oceans. Global sea level rise in the Early Aptian and in the Late Cenomanian preceded OAEs, and evolutionary diversifications followed major turnovers in benthic and planktic biota. These environmental, depositional and biotic changes are more significant than those across the Albian-Cenomanian boundary that separate the Early and Late Cretaceous series. We propose that the Cretaceous Period/System be formally divided into Early/Lower, Middle, and Late/Upper ages/series. The base of the Early/Lower unit is the base of the Berriasian Age/Stage. The base of the Middle Age/Series would be the base of the Aptian Age/Stage when its definition is agreed upon. The base of the Late/Upper interval would be the base of the Turonian Age/Stage. Traditionally the base of the Tethyan Aptian is the first appearance (FO) of the ammonite Deshayesites. Ammonites diversified following the mid Aptian extinction associated with OAE1a when sixteen new families evolved in the late Aptian to Albian. The base of the Turonian is the FO of Watinoceras. During the Turonian five new families appeared. Planktic foraminifera, nannofossils, and dinoflagellates bracket the base of the Aptian. The FO of Leupoldia cabri is above the FO of Deshayesites. The FO of Hayesites irregularis is slightly before Deshayesites. Key dinoflagellates datums are the FOs of Pseudoceratium securigerum and Aptea polymorpha and the last occurrence (LO) of Hystrichodinium ramoides. Magnetochron CM0R is close to these bioevents. In some sections deepening is recorded about 1 m.y. after the FO of Deshayesites. OAE1a is recorded about 1.5 m.y. later. The base of the Turonian is bracketed by the LO of Rotalipora cushmani and the FO of Helvetoglobotuncana helvetica, and is very close to the FO of Quadrum gartneri. The FO of the basal Turonian Watinoceras is in OAE2. In carbonate platforms, drowning is considered to be closely associated with OAE2. This proposal defines three Cretaceous epochs/series by bioevents closely allied to global oceanic drowning and anoxic events. These epochs are characterized by evolutionary diversification of planktic foraminifers, nannofossils, dinoflagellates, and rudists

Genomic Risk Variants at 1p13.3, 1q41, and 3q22.3 Are Associated With Subsequent Cardiovascular Outcomes in Healthy Controls and in Established Coronary Artery Genomic Risk Variants at 1p13.3, 1q41, and 3q22.3 Are Associated With Subsequent Cardiovascular Outcomes in Healthy Controls and in Established Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has multifactorial origins, and although some families are particularly affected, no precise mode of inheritance has been identified. It is likely that this reflects the contribution of numerous genetic components, each conferring a small risk in cumulative interaction with environmental factors to substantively increase disease susceptibility.1 In recent years, significant advances have been made in elucidating the genetic basis of CAD with the completion of several large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have looked at the DNA variation across the entire human genome. In a landmark study in 2007, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium identified a region on chromosome 9 (9p21.3) that was the most strongly associated with the risk of developing CAD,2 a finding that has since been replicated in several independent studies.3–6 The 9p21.3 rs1333049 variant is common and may potentially be added to risk profiling in the future. Already it has been reported that adding the 9p21.3 genotype to the traditional risk score significantly improves CAD risk prediction in the community