ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДЕТСКОЙ ИНВАЛИДНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

 Creation of system of early prophylaxis of children disability and support of the families bringing up disabled children and children with limited opportunities are among the main priorities of the Russian Federation state social policy. There are a number of problems requiring immediate solutions. Dynamics of children’s disability in our country is characterized by process stagnation. The age and gender structure of children’s disability practically doesn’t change. The analysis of its nosological structure shows that alienations and disorders of behavior, illness of a nervous system and congenital anomalies of development steadily occupy more than 60% among the illnesses which caused disability of children of all age groups. There was a decrease in the prevalence of total disability in most classes of diseases, such as injuries, diseases of the genitourinary system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, digestive system and growth of disability caused by neoplasms and diseases of the endocrine system. The underestimation of children’s disability bound to various reasons is supposed: social motivation of a family, complexity of legal veneering, strict requirements of service of medico-social examination, insufficient medical experts awareness on criteria of disability. Among disability formations risk factors the most discussed are the achievements of perinatology leading to improvement of nursing of prematurely born and small newborns, and wide uses of auxiliary genesial technologies. An important part of all preventive measures aimed at reducing the genetic load of population is prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis. It seems appropriate to extend the screening to congenital and hereditary metabolic diseases in neonatal period, including the most common nosological forms of infrequent illnesses. In solving problems of childhood disability prevention a priority should be given to development of services of family planning; improving antenatal and perinatal care; preventive work with healthy but having deviations in development children; development of medical genetic services; implementation of programs of different types of pathology screening.Создание системы ранней профилактики инвалидности у детей и поддержка семей, воспитывающих детей-инвалидов и детей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, входят в число основных приоритетов государственной социальной политики Российской Федерации. Существует ряд проблем, требующих незамедлительного решения. Уровень детской инвалидности в нашей стране характеризуется стагнацией процесса. Возрастная и гендерная структура детской инвалидности практически не меняется. Анализ ее нозологической структуры показывает, что психические расстройства и расстройства поведения, болезни нервной системы и врожденные аномалии развития стабильно составляют более 60% среди болезней, обусловивших инвалидность детей всех возрастных групп. Произошло снижение распространенности общей инвалидности по большинству классов болезней (при травмах, заболеваниях мочеполовой системы, органов дыхания, костно-мышечной системы, органов пищеварения) и рост инвалидности, обусловленной новообразованиями и болезнями эндокринной системы. Предполагается недоучет детской инвалидности, связанный с различными причинами, а именно с социальной мотивированностью семьи, сложностями юридического оформления, жесткими требованиями службы медико-социальной экспертизы, недостаточной осведомленностью о критериях инвалидности медицинских специалистов. Среди факторов риска формирования инвалидности наиболее обсуждаемыми являются достижения перинатологии, приводящие к улучшению выхаживания недоношенных и маловесных новорожденных, и широкое применение вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Важной частью всех профилактических мероприятий, направленных на снижение генетического груза популяции, является пренатальная и преимплантационная диагностика. Представляется целесообразным расширение скрининга на врожденные и наследственные болезни обмена в неонатальном периоде, включение в него наиболее распространенных нозологических форм редких болезней. В решении проблем профилактики детской инвалидности следует отдавать приоритет развитию служб планирования деторождения, совершенствованию антенатальной и перинатальной помощи, профилактической работе со здоровыми детьми, но имеющими отклонения в развитии, внедрению скринирующих программ на разные виды патологии, развитию медико-генетической службы

TeV-scale bileptons, see-saw type II and lepton flavor violation in core-collapse supernova

Electrons and electron neutrinos in the inner core of the core-collapse supernova are highly degenerate and therefore numerous during a few seconds of explosion. In contrast, leptons of other flavors are non-degenerate and therefore relatively scarce. This is due to lepton flavor conservation. If this conservation law is broken by some non-standard interactions, electron neutrinos are converted to muon and tau-neutrinos, and electrons - to muons. This affects the supernova dynamics and the supernova neutrino signal. We consider lepton flavor violating interactions mediated by scalar bileptons, i.e. heavy scalars with lepton number 2. It is shown that in case of TeV-mass bileptons the electron fermi gas is equilibrated with non-electron species inside the inner supernova core at a time-scale of order of (1-100) ms. In particular, a scalar triplet which generates neutrino masses through the see-saw type II mechanism is considered. It is found that supernova core is sensitive to yet unprobed values of masses and couplings of the triplet.Comment: accepted to Eur.Phys.J.

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362