9,043 research outputs found
On Factorization of Molecular Wavefunctions
Recently there has been a renewed interest in the chemical physics literature
of factorization of the position representation eigenfunctions \{\} of
the molecular Schr\"odinger equation as originally proposed by Hunter in the
1970s. The idea is to represent in the form where
is \textit{purely} a function of the nuclear coordinates, while must
depend on both electron and nuclear position variables in the problem. This is
a generalization of the approximate factorization originally proposed by Born
and Oppenheimer, the hope being that an `exact' representation of can be
achieved in this form with and interpretable as `electronic'
and `nuclear' wavefunctions respectively. We offer a mathematical analysis of
these proposals that identifies ambiguities stemming mainly from the
singularities in the Coulomb potential energy.Comment: Manuscript submitted to Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and
Theoretical, May 2015. Accepted for Publication August 24 201
The impact of contractual savings institutions on securities markets
The authors assess empirically the impact of contractual savings institutions portfolios (pension funds and life insurance companies) on securities markets, for example, depth and liquidity in the domestic stock market, and depth in the domestic bond market. They discuss how the institutionalization of savings can modify financial markets through the lengthening of securities'maturities. The results are the following: 1) An increase in assets of contractual savings institutions relative to domestic financial assets has a positive impact on the depth of stock and bond markets on average. 2) The impact on stock market depth and liquidity is nonlinear: it is stronger in countries where corporate information is more transparent. 3) There is evidence of a significant heterogeneity among countries: contractual savings have a stronger impact on securities markets in countries where the financial system is market based, pension fund contributions are mandatory, and international transactions in securities are lower. 4) The authors do not find that the impact of contractual savings institutions on securities markets is explained by the overall level of development, education, demographic structure or the legal environment.Economic Theory&Research,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Insurance Law,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Insurance Law
A unified approach to Mimetic Finite Difference, Hybrid Finite Volume and Mixed Finite Volume methods
We investigate the connections between several recent methods for the
discretization of anisotropic heterogeneous diffusion operators on general
grids. We prove that the Mimetic Finite Difference scheme, the Hybrid Finite
Volume scheme and the Mixed Finite Volume scheme are in fact identical up to
some slight generalizations. As a consequence, some of the mathematical results
obtained for each of the method (such as convergence properties or error
estimates) may be extended to the unified common framework. We then focus on
the relationships between this unified method and nonconforming Finite Element
schemes or Mixed Finite Element schemes, obtaining as a by-product an explicit
lifting operator close to the ones used in some theoretical studies of the
Mimetic Finite Difference scheme. We also show that for isotropic operators, on
particular meshes such as triangular meshes with acute angles, the unified
method boils down to the well-known efficient two-point flux Finite Volume
scheme
Contractual savings, capital markets, and firms'financing choices
The authors analyze the relationship between the development and asset allocation of contractual savings and firms'capital structures. The authors develop a simple model of firms'leverage and debt maturity decisions. They illustrate the mechanisms through which contractual savings development may affect corporate financing patterns. In the empirical section, the authors show that the development and asset allocation of contractual savings have an independent impact on firms'financing choices. Different channels are identified. In market-based economies, an increase in the proportion of shares in the portfolio of contractual savings leads to a decline in firms'leverage. In bank-based economies, instead, an increase in the size of contractual savings is associated with an increase in leverage and debt maturity in the corporate sectorBanks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Intermediation,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism
Contractual savings institutions and banks'stability and efficiency
The authors analyze the relationship between the development of contractual savings institutions and banks'efficiency, credit, and liquidity risks. They discuss the potential mechanisms through which the development of contractual savings institutions may affect the banking sector. They show that the development of contractual savings institutions has a significant impact on bank spreads and loan maturity. After controlling for banks'characteristics, macroeconomic factors, and more standard indicators of financial development, they show that the development of contractual savings institutions is associated with increased efficiency of the banking system and greater resilience to credit and liquidity risks.Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Financial Intermediation,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Contractual Savings,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Insurance&Risk Mitigation
Origin of Second Harmonic Generation from individual Silicon Nanowires
We investigate Second Harmonic Generation from individual silicon nanowires
and study the influence of resonant optical modes on the far-field nonlinear
emission. We find that the polarization of the Second Harmonic has a
size-dependent behavior and explain this phenomenon by a combination of
different surface and bulk nonlinear susceptibility contributions. We show that
the Second Harmonic Generation has an entirely different origin, depending on
whether the incident illumination is polarized parallel or perpendicularly to
the nanowire axis. The results open perspectives for further geometry-based
studies on the origin of Second Harmonic Generation in nanostructures of
high-index centrosymmetric semiconductors.Comment: 7 Pages, 4 Figures + 3 Pages, 6 Figures in Appendi
Capturing coevolutionary signals in repeat proteins
The analysis of correlations of amino acid occurrences in globular proteins
has led to the development of statistical tools that can identify native
contacts -- portions of the chains that come to close distance in folded
structural ensembles. Here we introduce a statistical coupling analysis for
repeat proteins -- natural systems for which the identification of domains
remains challenging. We show that the inherent translational symmetry of repeat
protein sequences introduces a strong bias in the pair correlations at
precisely the length scale of the repeat-unit. Equalizing for this bias reveals
true co-evolutionary signals from which local native-contacts can be
identified. Importantly, parameter values obtained for all other interactions
are not significantly affected by the equalization. We quantify the robustness
of the procedure and assign confidence levels to the interactions, identifying
the minimum number of sequences needed to extract evolutionary information in
several repeat protein families. The overall procedure can be used to
reconstruct the interactions at long distances, identifying the characteristics
of the strongest couplings in each family, and can be applied to any system
that appears translationally symmetric
Quantum Non-Equilibrium Steady States Induced by Repeated Interactions
We study the steady state of a finite XX chain coupled at its boundaries to
quantum reservoirs made of free spins that interact one after the other with
the chain. The two-point correlations are calculated exactly and it is shown
that the steady state is completely characterized by the magnetization profile
and the associated current. Except at the boundary sites, the magnetization is
given by the average of the reservoirs' magnetizations. The steady state
current, proportional to the difference in the reservoirs' magnetizations,
shows a non-monotonous behavior with respect to the system-reservoir coupling
strength, with an optimal current state for a finite value of the coupling.
Moreover, we show that the steady state can be described by a generalized Gibbs
state.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Ro-vibrational relaxation of HCN in collisions with He: Rigid bender treatment of the bending-rotation interaction
We present a new theoretical method to treat atom-rigid bender inelastic
collisions at the Close Coupling level (RBCC) in the space fixed frame. The
coupling between rotation and bending is treated exactly within the rigid
bender approximation and we obtain the cross section for the rotational
transition between levels belonging to different bending levels. The results of
this approach are compared with those obtained when using the rigid bender
averaged approximation (RBAA) introduced in our previous work dedicated to this
system. We discuss the validity of this approximation and of the previous
studies based on rigid linear HCN
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