Tessier number 30 clefts with congenital heart defects

Introduction: Midline cleft of mandible, classified as Tessier 30 clefts is extremely rare, with less than 100 reported cases in the latest studies. Variations in severity and associated malformations have been reported before. Case Presentation: In this report, we present the first documented Iranian case of Tessier 30 with median cleft of lower lip and bifid tongue concomitant with congenital heart defects. Conclusions: We explain embryologic origin, differential diagnosis, other associated anomalies and its treatment by reviewing literature. © 2015, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Viscous Torque and Dissipation in the Inner Region of a Thin Accretion Disk: Implications for Measuring Black Hole Spin

We consider a simple Newtonian model of a steady accretion disk around a black hole. The model is based on height-integrated hydrodynamic equations, alpha-viscosity, and a pseudo-Newtonian potential that results in an innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) that closely approximates the one predicted by GR. We find that the hydrodynamic models exhibit increasing deviations from the standard disk model of Shakura & Sunyaev as disk thickness H/R or the value of alpha increases. The latter is an analytical model in which the viscous torque is assumed to vanish at the ISCO. We consider the implications of the results for attempts to estimate black hole spin by using the standard disk model to fit continuum spectra of black hole accretion disks. We find that the error in the spin estimate is quite modest so long as H/R < 0.1 and alpha < 0.2. At worst the error in the estimated value of the spin parameter is 0.1 for a non-spinning black hole; the error is much less for a rapidly spinning hole. We also consider the density and disk thickness contrast between the gas in the disk and that inside the ISCO. The contrast needs to be large if black hole spin is to be successfully estimated by fitting the relativistically-broadened X-ray line profile of fluorescent iron emission from reflection off an accretion disk. In our hydrodynamic models, the contrast in density and thickness is low when H/R>0.1, sugesting that the iron line technique may be most reliable in extemely thin disks. We caution that these results have been obtained with a viscous hydrodynamic model and need to be confirmed with MHD simulations of radiatively cooled thin disks.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures; accepted by Ap

Measuring the Spin of GRS 1915+105 with Relativistic Disk Reflection

GRS 1915+105 harbors one of the most massive known stellar black holes in the Galaxy. In May 2007, we observed GRS 1915+105 for 117 ksec in the low/hard state using Suzaku. We collected and analyzed the data with the HXD/PIN and XIS cameras spanning the energy range from 2.3-55 keV. Fits to the spectra with simple models reveal strong disk reflection through an Fe K emission line and a Compton back-scattering hump. We report constraints on the spin parameter of the black hole in GRS 1915+105 using relativistic disk reflection models. The model for the soft X-ray spectrum (i.e. < 10 keV) suggests a/M = 0.56(2) and excludes zero spin at the 4 sigma level of confidence. The model for the full broadband spectrum suggests that the spin may be higher, a/M = 0.98(1) (1 sigma confidence), and again excludes zero spin at the 2 sigma level of confidence. We discuss these results in the context of other spin constraints and inner disk studies in GRS 1915+105.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Influence of upstream strut on hydrogen fuel distribution inside the supersonic combustion chamber

© 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC The efficient fuel mixing in the combustion tank enhances the overall performance of scramjet. Current attempt examines the existence of the strut on the fuel mixing of the multi hydrogen jets at supersonic flow. The numerical approach was employed to visualize the 3D flow behind the strut with multi fuel-jets. The free-stream Mach is 2.2, and four multi jets released hydrogen inside the combustor with the sonic condition. The impact of jet arrangements and the total pressure ratio on the mixing effect of the strut is fully described. Our results indicate that fuel mixing and penetration improved due to the formation of the large subsonic region behind the strut. According to achieved results, the increasing jet space from 1Dj to 5Dj raises the overall mixing to 15% in our proposed model

Area Invariance of Apparent Horizons under Arbitrary Boosts

It is a well known analytic result in general relativity that the 2-dimensional area of the apparent horizon of a black hole remains invariant regardless of the motion of the observer, and in fact is independent of the $t=constant$ slice, which can be quite arbitrary in general relativity. Nonetheless the explicit computation of horizon area is often substantially more difficult in some frames (complicated by the coordinate form of the metric), than in other frames. Here we give an explicit demonstration for very restricted metric forms of (Schwarzschild and Kerr) vacuum black holes. In the Kerr-Schild coordinate expression for these spacetimes they have an explicit Lorentz-invariant form. We consider {\it boosted} versions with the black hole moving through the coordinate system. Since these are stationary black hole spacetimes, the apparent horizons are two dimensional cross sections of their event horizons, so we compute the areas of apparent horizons in the boosted space with (boosted) $t = constant$, and obtain the same result as in the unboosted case. Note that while the invariance of area is generic, we deal only with black holes in the Kerr-Schild form, and consider only one particularly simple change of slicing which amounts to a boost. Even with these restrictions we find that the results illuminate the physics of the horizon as a null surface and provide a useful pedagogical tool. As far as we can determine, this is the first explicit calculation of this type demonstrating the area invariance of horizons. Further, these calculations are directly relevant to transformations that arise in computational representation of moving black holes. We present an application of this result to initial data for boosted black holes.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures. Added a new section and 2 plots along with a coautho

Medical journals and Wikipedia: a global health matter

Approximately 7000 stillbirths occur daily worldwide, and the vast majority of them (98%) Approximately 7000 stillbirths occur daily worldwide, and the vast majority of them (98%) take place in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this enormous burden, progress to reduce the death toll is slow and insufficient. WHO released its Making every baby count guide in 2016, which includes strategies aimed at addressing the challenge of stillbirths. Given the flurry of activity and attention on stillbirths from the Lancet Stillbirth Epidemiology investigator group and WHO, we expect that the wealth of information about stillbirths that is generated will filter down in a timely manner to where it is needed most: the general public

Totally laparoscopic combined freehand ileocystoplasty and malone procedures

Background and Purpose: Cecostomy performed together with open enterocystoplasty can allow continent bowel evacuation in children with neurogenic dysfunction. We present the first report on a combined approach to fecal and urinary incontinence in children with myelomeningocele that was performed exclusively by freehand laparoscopy. Patients and Method: We treated six dysrhaphic patients for total urinary and fecal incontinence by laparoscopy. Through five ports, a selected segment of ileum was isolated with cautery. A single-layer intestinal anastomosis, fashioning of the U-shaped patch, and anastomosis to the opened bladder dome were all done by endocorporeal freehand suturing. The tip of the appendix was simply brought to the skin via a trocar site. Results: The procedures took 5 to 8.5 hours. Patients remained hospitalized for 5 to 16 days (median 5 days). At 13 to 16 months' follow-up, all patients remain continent of urine, and nearly perfect fecal continence has resulted on antegrade enema. Leak from the ileal anastomosis in one patient resolved rapidly with conservative management. One short retrocecal appendix later developed stenosis and was replaced by a tubed cecal flap. Conclusion: Apart from its cosmetic advantage, this procedure is notable for addressing all evacuation problems at one session. Our suturing time seems reasonable compared with open sutured precedents. Use of a gastrointestinal stapling device for anastomosis would have significantly increased the cost while not necessarily guaranteeing against complications. We present this laparoscopic combination as an effective alternative to its open counterpart. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Transcriptomics technologies

Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism’s transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and expressed through transcription. Here, mRNA serves as a transient intermediary molecule in the information network, whilst noncoding RNAs perform additional diverse functions. A transcriptome captures a snapshot in time of the total transcripts present in a cell. The first attempts to study the whole transcriptome began in the early 1990s, and technological advances since the late 1990s have made transcriptomics a widespread discipline. Transcriptomics has been defined by repeated technological innovations that transform the field. There are two key contemporary techniques in the field: microarrays, which quantify a set of predetermined sequences, and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), which uses high-throughput sequencing to capture all sequences. Measuring the expression of an organism’s genes in different tissues, conditions, or time points gives information on how genes are regulated and reveals details of an organism’s biology. It can also help to infer the functions of previously unannotated genes. Transcriptomic analysis has enabled the study of how gene expression changes in different organisms and has been instrumental in the understanding of human disease. An analysis of gene expression in its entirety allows detection of broad coordinated trends which cannot be discerned by more targeted assays.Rohan Lowe, Neil Shirley, Mark Bleackley, Stephen Dolan, Thomas Shafe

The Race Between Stars and Quasars in Reionizing Cosmic Hydrogen

The cosmological background of ionizing radiation has been dominated by quasars once the Universe aged by ~2 billion years. At earlier times (redshifts z>3), the observed abundance of bright quasars declined sharply, implying that cosmic hydrogen was reionized by stars instead. Here, we explain the physical origin of the transition between the dominance of stars and quasars as a generic feature of structure formation in the concordance LCDM cosmology. At early times, the fraction of baryons in galaxies grows faster than the maximum (Eddington-limited) growth rate possible for quasars. As a result, quasars were not able to catch up with the rapid early growth of stellar mass in their host galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in JCA