Body size, body composition and motor performances of mild-to-moderately undernourished senegalese children

Les relations entre dimensions anthropométriques (stature, poids, circonférences de bras et du mollet ainsi que quatre plis cutanés) et les performances motrices (course rapide, saut en longueur sans élan, lancer et force dynamométrique) ont été considérées chez 348 enfants sénégalais de 5 à 13 ans (168 garçons et 180 filles) légèrement ou modérément sous-nutris. Les poids et les statures sont en moyenne inférieurs aux valeurs médianes de référence du National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) à chaque âge, les écarts sont plus prononcés chez les enfants de plus de huit ans et chez les garçons plus que chez les filles. Les garçons obtiennent en moyenne de meilleurs résultats que les filles pour toutes les activités. La stature et le poids expliquent de 30% à 50% de la variance dans les performances des enfants de moins de dix ans, tandis que le poids en explique de 10% à 25% chez les enfants de plus de dix ans. Les indicateurs de composition corporelle (estimation des parts de muscle et de graisse sous-cutanée du bras) ne contribuent que modérément à la variance restante des performances motrices. L'adiposité affecte négativement les performances des filles de plus de dix ans mais n'influe pas sur celles des garçons. (Résumé d'auteur

Three-dimensional fluorescent microscopy via simultaneous illumination and detection at multiple planes.

The conventional optical microscope is an inherently two-dimensional (2D) imaging tool. The objective lens, eyepiece and image sensor are all designed to capture light emitted from a 2D 'object plane'. Existing technologies, such as confocal or light sheet fluorescence microscopy have to utilize mechanical scanning, a time-multiplexing process, to capture a 3D image. In this paper, we present a 3D optical microscopy method based upon simultaneously illuminating and detecting multiple focal planes. This is implemented by adding two diffractive optical elements to modify the illumination and detection optics. We demonstrate that the image quality of this technique is comparable to conventional light sheet fluorescent microscopy with the advantage of the simultaneous imaging of multiple axial planes and reduced number of scans required to image the whole sample volume

The Impact of Advanced Biofuels on Aviation Emissions and Operations in the U.S.

We analyze the economic and emissions impacts on U.S. commercial aviation of the Federal Aviation Administration’s renewable jet fuel goal when met using advanced fermentation (AF) fuel from perennial grasses. These fuels have recently been certified for use in aircraft and could potentially provide greater environmental benefits than aviation biofuels approved previously. Due to uncertainties in the commercialization of AF technologies, we consider a range of assumptions concerning capital costs, energy conversion efficiencies and product slates. In 2030, estimates of the implicit subsidy required to induce consumption of AF jet fuel range from $0.45 to$20.85 per gallon. These correspond to a reference jet fuel price of $3.23 per gallon and AF jet fuel costs ranging from 4.01 to$24.41 per gallon. In all cases, as renewable jet fuel represents around 1.4% of total fuel consumed by commercial aviation, the goal has a small impact on aviation operations and emissions relative to a case without the renewable jet fuel target, and emissions continue to grow relative to those in 2005. Costs per metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent abated by using biofuels range from $42 to$652.This work is funded by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA Energy) through Project 47 of the Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction (PARTNER). The Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and a consortium of government and industrial sponsors (for the complete list see http://globalchange.mit.edu/sponsors/all)

Promotion expenditure, categories, time lag structure and the demand for almonds

The Almond Board of California (ABC) finances four promotional programs to increase the demand for California almonds: public relations, advertising, food services and nutrition research. This analysis relates ABC's expenditures by category to U.S. almond demand. It assesses ABC's return on investment and guides managerial decisions across programs. ABC expenditures have a significant effect on domestic almond shipments, explaining 16.7% of the variation in shipments. However, only advertising is strongly significanteach dollar spent increases almonds shipped eight months later by 8.25 pounds. Food services approached significanceeach dollar spent increases almonds shipped 11 months later by 32.8 pounds.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

DETEKSI DISTRIBUSI WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS PADA BERBAGAI ORGAN UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei)

One way to detect the presence of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in several organs Vaname shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) were infected with the method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). WSSV virus isknown to attack various target organs, but it is difficult to detect early on shrimp. Therefore, this study aims todetect the presence of the distribution of White Spot Syndrome Virus in several organs Vaname shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) were infected with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method in order to early detectionefforts for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by the virus. Organ observed that the swimming legs,gills, stomach and antennal gland. Research stages include sample preparation and DNA extraction, DNAamplification and electrophoresis. DNA extraction was performed using the method DTAB and CTAB-DNAamplification is done by using nested PCR. The emergence of DNA bands is an indicator of the presence ofWSSV in shrimp Vaname several organs which are then presented desktriptif. The results showed four WSSVinfected organs were observed. Based on the appearance, the entire sample of the swimming leg and antennalgland positively infected, then successively gills and stomach. The swimming leg can be used to diagnose thedisease early on shrimp WSSV Vaname without turning off the shrimp.Keywords : Distribution, Vanname shrimp, WSSV, PC

non-linear relationships in children 6-10 years

Background: Given the concern for health?related consequences of an elevated body mass index (BMI; obesity), the potential consequences of a low BMI in children are often overlooked. The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between the BMI across its entire spectrum and motor coordination (MC) in children 6?10 years. Methods: Height, weight, and MC (K?rperkoordinationstest f?r Kinder, KTK test battery) were measured in 1,912 boys and 1,826 girls of 6?10 years of age. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated. KTK scores for each of the four tests were also converted to a motor quotient (MQ). One?way ANOVA was used to test differences in the BMI, individual test items, and MQ among boys and girls within age groups. Sex?specific quadratic regressions of individual KTK items and the MQ on the BMI were calculated. Girls and boys were also classified into four weight status groups using International Obesity Task Force criteria: thin, normal, overweight, and obese. Differences in specific test items and MQ between weight status groups were evaluated by age group in each sex. Results: Thirty?one percent of the sample was overweight or obese, whereas 5% was thin. On average, normal weight children had the highest MQ in both sexes across the age range with few exceptions. Overweight/obese children had a lower MQ than normal weight and thin children. The quadratic regression lines generally presented an inverted parabolic relationship between the BMI and MC and suggested a decrease in MC with an increase in the BMI. Conclusion: In general, BMI shows a curvilinear, inverted parabolic relationship with MC in children 6?10 years.4811-99FE-2ECD | Luis Paulo Rodriguesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Design Guides for Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes: Performance of Biological Treatment Processes

Federal Water Quality Administration Grant No. WPRD 178-01-68Center for Water and the Environmen

Lens epithelial cell apoptosis and intracellular Ca(2+) increase in the presence of xanthurenic acid

BACKGROUND: Xanthurenic acid is an endogenous product of tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We have previously reported that IDO is present in mammalian lenses, and xanthurenic acid is accumulated in the lenses with aging. Here, we studied the involvement of xanthurenic acid in the human lens epithelial cell physiology. METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells primary cultures were used. Control cells, and cells in the presence of xanthurenic acid grow in the dark. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies were performed. RESULTS: In the presence of xanthurenic acid human lens epithelial cells undergo apoptosis-like cell death. In the control cells gelsolin stained the perinuclear region, whereas in the presence of 10 μM xanthurenic acid gelsolin is translocated to the cytoskeleton, but does not lead to cytoskeleton breakdown. In the same condition caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation was observed. At low (5 to 10 μM) of xanthurenic acid concentration, the elongation of the cytoskeleton was associated with migration of mitochondria and cytochrome c release. At higher concentrations xanthurenic acid (20 μM and 40 μM) damaged mitochondria were observed in the perinuclear region, and nuclear DNA cleavage was observed. We observed an induction of calpain Lp 82 and an increase of free Ca(2+) in the cells in a xanthurenic acid concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that xanthurenic acid accumulation in human lens epithelial cells disturbs the normal cell physiology and leads to a cascade of pathological events. Xanthurenic acid induces calpain Lp82 and caspases in the cells growing in the dark and can be involved in senile cataract development

Predicting the timing of the peak of the pubertal growth spurt in elite youth soccer players: evaluation of methods.

Background: Three commonly used non-invasive protocols are implemented to estimate the timing at which PHV most likely occurs. Accurate estimation of circumpubertal years can aid in managing training load of adolescent athletes.Aim: Three protocols were compared against observed age at PHV: an estimate of 13.8 ± 1.0 years - generic age at PHV (from longitudinal measures); an estimate based on the maturity offset equation, predicted age at PHV ±1.0 year; a window of PHV based on 85 - 96% of predicted adult height at time of observation.Subjects and methods: A final sample of 23 (from 28) adolescent participants who were selected from the academy of an English Premier League club. Anthropometric measures were collected across five playing seasons; age at PHV was estimated with Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR). The three protocols were compared based on measures at 13.0 years.Results and Conclusions: An age window based on predicted maturity offset did not improve estimation of PHV compared to generic age method; however, the percentage of predicted adult height window showed improvement in performance shown by the following results. Predicted age at PHV correctly assigned 15 participants (65%) as experiencing PHV, while the percentage height correctly assigned 17 participants (74%). Generic age and predicted age at PHV correctly predicted observed age at PHV for 14 participants (61%), percentage of adult height window correctly predicted 22 participants (96%)