Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and its effect on horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.

BackgroundTrigeminal-mediated headshaking results from low-threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve resulting in apparent facial pain. Magnesium may have neuroprotective effects on nerve firing that potentially dampen signs of neuropathic pain. This hypothesis has not been investigated in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.ObjectiveTo investigate head-shaking behavior in affected horses after IV magnesium sulfate infusion.AnimalsSix geldings with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.MethodsProspective randomized crossover study. Horses were controlled for diet and infused IV with 5% dextrose solution (DS; control solution at 2 mL/kg body weight [BW]) and MgSO4 50% solution (MSS at 40 mg/kg BW). Head-shaking behavior was recorded at times T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T15, T30, T60, and T120 minutes post-infusion. Venous blood variables such as pH, HCO3 - , standard base excess (SBE), Na+ , Cl- , K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ , total magnesium (tMg), glucose, and lactate were measured; strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) were calculated for each time point.ResultsBlood variables including pH, Na+ , Cl- , K+ , SID, AG, lactate, Ca2+ , tMg, and Mg2+ had significant changes with MSS as compared to DS treatment. Glucose, SBE, and HCO3 - did not have significant changes. A 29% reduction in head-shaking rate occurred after MSS treatment but no change occurred after DS treatment.Conclusions and clinical importanceAdministration of MSS IV increased plasma total and ionized magnesium concentrations and significantly decreased head-shaking behavior in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking

Luteinizing hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking over an 8-hour period.

BackgroundTrigeminal-mediated headshaking results from a low threshold for firing of the trigeminal nerve. A seasonal component has been implicated in onset of clinical signs, which occur during the spring and summer months. Geldings are overrepresented in the affected population and hormonal differences as compared to a healthy control population of geldings might contribute to headshaking.Objective/hypothesisTo assess concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) over an 8-hour period in gelded healthy controls and horses affected with headshaking. Our hypothesis was that geldings with seasonal headshaking would have higher concentrations of LH over an 8-hour period compared to control horses during the summer when affected horses manifested headshaking.AnimalsTwelve geldings (6 controls and 6 affected).MethodsProspective controlled trial. Blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes over an 8-hour time period during summer from all horses to measure circulating LH concentrations by using a radioimmunoassay for equine LH. All affected horses were actively affected by headshaking at the time of sample collection.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in LH concentrations were found throughout the study period in headshakers as compared to control horses. Time had no significant effect, but a slight decrease in LH concentrations was observed for all horses. The main limitation of the study was the low number of horses.Conclusions and clinical importanceHorses affected with headshaking did not have significant differences in circulating LH during the late summer as compared to control horses

Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Older Adults With HIV Disease: Associations With Serostatus, HIV Clinical Factors, and Health Literacy

The prevalence of older persons with HIV (PWH) disease has increased considerably in the last 20 years, but our understanding of biological factors of aging and their clinical correlates among PWH remains limited. Study participants were 149 persons aged 50 and older, including 107 PWH and 42 seronegatives. All participants completed a blood draw, research medical evaluation, structured psychiatric interview, neurocognitive assessment, questionnaires, and measures of health literacy. Four epigenetic clocks were generated from stored blood samples using standardized laboratory methods. In regression models adjusting for sex and smoking status, PWH had significantly higher epigenetic aging acceleration values than seronegatives on all four indicators. Within the PWH sample, higher levels of epigenetic aging acceleration were moderately associated with lower current CD4 count, AIDS diagnoses, higher scores on the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index, and lower telomere values. Higher epigenetic aging acceleration indices were also associated with lower health literacy among PWH. PWH experience accelerated aging as measured by a series of epigenetic clocks, which may be linked to immune compromise and risk of all-cause mortality. Health literacy may be a modifiable target for mitigating the risk of accelerated aging among older PWH

Influence of Bone Cement Augmentation on Complications in Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation of Geriatric Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine if augmentation of the helical blade with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement decreases the rates of varus cut-out and medial perforation in geriatric intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation. Methods. This was a retrospective comparative cohort study at two urban level I trauma centers. Patients with an extracapsular hip fracture (classified as AO 31A1-3) who were treated with the TFN-Advanced Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA) from January 2018 to December 2021 were eligible for the study. Medical records and postoperative radiographs were reviewed to determine procedure complications and reoperations. Results. Of the 179 patients studied, cement augmentation (CA) was used in 93 patients (52%) and no cement augmentation (NCA) was used in 86 (48%). There were no significant differences between group demographics and fracture reduction grades. Varus cut-out occurred 3 times in the CA group and 5 times in the NCA group (p = 0.484). Medial perforation occurred 3 times, all in the NCA group (p = 0.109). The most frequent complication was symptomatic blade lateralization, with 8 occurrences in the CA group compared with 2 in the NCA group (p = 0.102). There were 10 reoperations in the CA group and 9 in the NCA group (p > 0.999). The most common reason for revision was varus cut-out and most common revision procedure was hip arthroplasty. Conclusions. Intertrochanteric hip fractures treated with the TFNA fixation system with and without cement augmentation have similar complication profiles and failure rates

Immunosensor for the Diagnostics of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Based on Immobilization of a Monoclonal Antibody on a Layer of Silk Fibroin

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)The diagnostics of the autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a rare disease caused by autoantibody-induced hemolysis, is still prone to false positives for it is based on visual observation in the so-called Direct Coombs test. In this study, we developed a specific IgG hemolysis immunosensor produced with layer-by-layer (LbL) films containing a monoclonal antibody against human immunoglobulin (mAbIMUG) deposited along with a layer of silk fibroin (SF) derived from Bombyx mori cocoons. Adsorption of mAbIMUG on a SF layer was confirmed by the fluorescence emission band at 326 nm. Immunosensors were prepared with LbL films deposited on interdigitated gold electrodes for impedance spectroscopy and on screen printed carbon electrodes for electrochemical measurements. When the SF/mAbIMUGLbL film was exposed to healthy red blood cells (RBCs), no cell binding was observed by the optical microscopy images. In addition, no major changes were observed in the signals of the square wave voltammogram and in the impedance spectra. In contrast, the electrochemical signal was significantly increased and the dielectric loss curve shifted for the sensing units containing RBCs with the antibody attached on the surface (“sick cells”). Furthermore, cell attachment was so strong that optical images still showed covered electrodes even after washing in PBS buffer. The detection with two distinct methods seems promising for an effective diagnosis of AIHA

Targeted massively parallel sequencing panel to diagnose genetic endocrine disorders in a tertiary hospital

Objectives: To analyze the efficiency of a multigenic targeted massively parallel sequencing panel related to endocrine disorders for molecular diagnosis of patients assisted in a tertiary hospital involved in the training of medical faculty. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical diagnosis and genotype obtained from 272 patients in the Endocrine unit of a tertiary hospital was performed using a custom panel designed with 653 genes, most of them already associated with the phenotype (OMIM) and some candidate genes that englobes developmental, metabolic and adrenal diseases. The enriched DNA libraries were sequenced in NextSeq 500. Variants found were then classified according to ACMG/AMP criteria, with Varsome and InterVar. Results: Three runs were performed; the mean coverage depth of the targeted regions in panel sequencing data was 249×, with at least 96.3% of the sequenced bases being covered more than 20-fold. The authors identified 66 LP/P variants (24%) and 27 VUS (10%). Considering the solved cases, 49 have developmental diseases, 12 have metabolic and 5 have adrenal diseases. Conclusion: The application of a multigenic panel aids the training of medical faculty in an academic hospital by showing the picture of the molecular pathways behind each disorder. This may be particularly helpful in developmental disease cases. A precise genetic etiology provides an improvement in understanding the disease, guides decisions about prevention or treatment, and allows genetic counseling

Effect of yogurt containing polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in chronic constipation

BACKGROUND: Constipation is a frequent complaint and the combination of a prebiotic and probiotics could have a potentially synergic effect on the intestinal transit. The present study therefore aims to investigate the combination of polydextrose (Litesse®), L. acidophilus NCFM® and B. lactis HN019 in a yogurt on intestinal transit in subjects who suffer from constipation. METHODS: Patients with constipation were randomly divided into two groups, Control Group (CG) and Treatment Group (TG), and had to eat 180 ml of unflavored yogurt every morning for 14 days. Those in the CG received only yogurt, while the TG received yogurt containing polydextrose, L. acidophilus NCFM® (ATCC 700396) and B. lactis HN019 (AGAL NM97/09513). RESULTS: Favourable clinical response was assessed since Agachan score had a significant reduction at the end of the study in both groups and tended to be better in the TG. The subjects in the treatment group also had a shorter transit time at the end of the intervention compared to the control group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The product containing yogurt with polydextrose, B. lactis HN019 and L. acidophilus NCFM® significantly shortened colonic transit time after two weeks in the TG compared to CG and may be an option for treatment of constipation

Extra-pair paternity in a Neotropical rainforest songbird, the White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis (Aves: Turdidae)

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, several studies have shown that the mating systems of various birds are more complex than previously believed, and paternity tests performed with molecular techniques have proved, for instance, that the commonly observed social monogamy often presents important variations, such as extra-pair paternity. However, data are still largely biased towards temperate species. In our study, at an area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found broods containing at least one extra-pair young (EPY) in the socially monogamous White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis (Vieillot, 1818). Paternity tests using six heterologous microsatellite loci revealed that four of 11 broods (36.4%) presented at least one extra-pair young (EPY). This rate of EPY is within the range found for other studies in the tropics. This is one of the few studies that present detailed paternity analyses of a Neotropical rainforest passerine. Our findings corroborate the early insights that breeding strategies involving cheating can also be widespread among Neotropical socially monogamous songbirds

Rett syndrome: retrospective and prospective study of 28 patients

From November 1982 to May 1999, 28 children with Rett syndrome were followed-up for a medium period of 6 years and 2 months. Regression of developmental milestones started at the age between 5 and 20 months. Nineteen cases of typical Rett syndrome had uneventful pre and perinatal periods, loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills, mental and motor regression and developed hand stereotypies; sixteen had head growth deceleration and 12 gait apraxia. Nine patients were atypical cases, 2 formes frustres, 2 congenital, 3 with early seizure onset, 1 preserved speech and 1 male. Epilepsy was present in 21 patients, predominantly partial seizures and the drug of choise was carbamazepine (15 patients). In the initial evaluation most patients were distributed on Stages II and III and on follow-up on Stages III and IV. Three children died.No período entre Novembro 1982 e Maio 1999, 28 crianças com Síndrome de Rett foram seguidas por um período médio de 6 anos e 2 meses.O início da regressão do desenvolvimento psicomotor ocorreu entre 5 e 20 meses.Os 19 casos de síndrome de Rett típica apresentavam períodos pré e perinatal normais,e evoluíram com perda das habilidades previamente adquiridas, retardo psicomotor e estereotipias de mãos; 16 tinham desaceleração do crescimento craniano e 12 tinham marcha anormal. Nove pacientes foram casos atípicos: 2 formas frustras, 2 congênitas, 3 com crises precoces, 1 com fala preservada e 1 sendo do sexo masculino. A epilepsia esteve presente em 21 pacientes com crises predominantemente parciais e a droga de escolha foi a carbamazepina (15 pacientes). Na avaliação inicial a maioria dos pacientes estava distribuída em estágios II e III da síndrome e evolutivamente passaram aos estágios III e IV, sendo que 3 faleceram.40741