374 research outputs found
A Unified Strategy for the Synthesis of Difluoromethyl- and Vinylfluoride-Containing Scaffolds
Le traitement de l'haemonchose et de l'oesophagostomose ovines par les agents tensio-actifs (alkylsulfates de soude)
Aucun résumé disponible en français
Reconstruction of Nonunion Tibial Fractures in War-Wounded Iraqi Civilians, 2006-2008: Better Late Than Never
OBJECTIV
Mise au point d'un nouveau procédé de lutte anthelminthique : utilisation d'agents tensio-actifs (alkylsulfate de sodium) dans le traitement de la gastrothylose bovine à Madagascar
Aucun résumé disponible en français
Formal Verification of Nonlinear Inequalities with Taylor Interval Approximations
We present a formal tool for verification of multivariate nonlinear
inequalities. Our verification method is based on interval arithmetic with
Taylor approximations. Our tool is implemented in the HOL Light proof assistant
and it is capable to verify multivariate nonlinear polynomial and
non-polynomial inequalities on rectangular domains. One of the main features of
our work is an efficient implementation of the verification procedure which can
prove non-trivial high-dimensional inequalities in several seconds. We
developed the verification tool as a part of the Flyspeck project (a formal
proof of the Kepler conjecture). The Flyspeck project includes about 1000
nonlinear inequalities. We successfully tested our method on more than 100
Flyspeck inequalities and estimated that the formal verification procedure is
about 3000 times slower than an informal verification method implemented in
C++. We also describe future work and prospective optimizations for our method.Comment: 15 page
Electrochemical deprotonation of phosphate on stainless steel
Voltammetric experiments performed in phosphate buffer at constant pH 8.0 on platinum and stainless steel revealed clear reduction
currents, which were correlated to the concentrations of phosphate. On the basis of the reactions proposed previously, a model was elaborated,
assuming that both H2PO4 and HPO4
2 underwent cathodic deprotonation, and including the acid–base equilibriums. A kinetic model was
derived by analogy with the equations generally used for hydrogen evolution. Numerical fitting of the experimental data confirmed that the
phosphate species may act as an efficient catalyst of hydrogen evolution via electrochemical deprotonation. This reaction may introduce an
unexpected reversible pathway of hydrogen formation in the mechanisms of anaerobic corrosion. The possible new insights offered by the
electrochemical deprotonation of phosphate in microbially influenced corrosion was finally discussed
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and probable sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>This is the first report of the case of a patient with a natural history of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor associated with probable sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. These tumors are benign, arising within the supratentorial cortex. Over 100 cases have been reported in the literature since the first description by Daumas-Duport in 1988.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 24- year-old Caucasian woman had a long period of intractable complex partial seizures, sometimes with tonic-clonic generalization and neuropsychological abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cortico-subcortical parietal tumor with all the characteristics of these types of tumors. After 14 years of evolution, our patient died suddenly during sleep.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of probable sudden unexplained death in symptomatic epilepsy due to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor with natural history. Early and complete excision, with functional studies before and during the surgery, leads to better control of seizures, avoiding neuropsychological changes and the risk of death. Patients with refractory epilepsy should be evaluated for any sleep disorders and should have complete cardiology assessments including electrocardiographic evaluation of cardiac rhythm disturbances.</p
The application of cortical layer markers in the evaluation of cortical dysplasias in epilepsy
The diagnostic criteria for focal cortical dysplasia type I (FCD I) remain to be well and consistently defined. Cortical layer-specific markers (CLM) provide a potential tool for the objective assessment of any dyslamination. We studied expression patterns of recognised CLM using immunohistochemistry for N200, ER81, Otx1, Map1b (subsets of V/VI projection neurones), Pax6, Tbr1, Tbr2 (differentially expressed in cortical neurones from intermediate progenitor cells), Cux 1 (outer cortical layers) and MASH1 (ventricular zone progenitors). Dysplasia subtypes included FCD I and II, dysplasias adjacent to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNTs); all were compared to neonatal and adult controls. Laminar expression patterns in normal cortex were observed with Tbr1, Map1b, N200 and Otx1. FCDI cases in younger patients were characterised by abnormal expression in layer II for Tbr1 and Otx1. FCDII showed distinct labelling of balloon cells (Pax6, ER81 and Otx1) and dysmorphic neurones (Tbr 1, N200 and Map1b) supporting origins from radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells, respectively. In temporal lobe sclerosis cases with dysplasia adjacent to HS, Tbr1 and Map1b highlighted abnormal orientation of neurones in layer II. Dyslamination was not confirmed in the perilesional cortex of DNT with CLM. Finally, immature cell types (Otx1, Pax6 and Tbr2) were noted in varied pathologies. One possibility is activation of progenitor cell populations which could contribute to the pathophysiology of these lesions
Wave Equation Numerical Resolution: a Comprehensive Mechanized Proof of a C Program
We formally prove correct a C program that implements a numerical scheme for
the resolution of the one-dimensional acoustic wave equation. Such an
implementation introduces errors at several levels: the numerical scheme
introduces method errors, and floating-point computations lead to round-off
errors. We annotate this C program to specify both method error and round-off
error. We use Frama-C to generate theorems that guarantee the soundness of the
code. We discharge these theorems using SMT solvers, Gappa, and Coq. This
involves a large Coq development to prove the adequacy of the C program to the
numerical scheme and to bound errors. To our knowledge, this is the first time
such a numerical analysis program is fully machine-checked.Comment: No. RR-7826 (2011
The fraction of cancer attributable to ways of life, infections, occupation, and environmental agents in Brazil in 2020
Many human cancers develop as a result of exposure to risk factors related to the environment and ways of life. The aim of this study was to estimate attributable fractions of 25 types of cancers resulting from exposure to modifiable risk factors in Brazil. The prevalence of exposure to selected risk factors among adults was obtained from population-based surveys conducted from 2000 to 2008. Risk estimates were based on data drawn from metaanalyses or large, high quality studies. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) for a combination of risk factors, as well as the number of preventable deaths and cancer cases, were calculated for 2020. The known preventable risk factors studied will account for 34% of cancer cases among men and 35% among women in 2020, and for 46% and 39% deaths, respectively. The highest attributable fractions were estimated for tobacco smoking, infections, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, excess weight, reproductive factors, and physical inactivity. This is the first study to systematically estimate the fraction of cancer attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Brazil. Strategies for primary prevention of tobacco smoking and control of infection and the promotion of a healthy diet and physical activity should be the main priorities in policies for cancer prevention in the country. \ua9 2016 Azevedo e Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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