Jerimu 8, batata doce rica em carotenos: estabilidade no cozimento doméstico e no processamento de farinhas.

bitstream/item/118242/1/estabilidade-no-conzimento-domestico-e-processamento-de-farinhas.pd

Performance of singular spectrum analysis in separating seasonal and fast physiological dynamics of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and PRI optical signals

High temporal resolution measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (F) and the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) encode vegetation functioning. However, these signals are modulated by time-dependent processes. We tested the applicability of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for disentangling fast components (physiology-driven) and slow components (controlled by structural and biochemical properties) from PRI, far-red F (F-760), and far-red apparent fluorescence yield (Fy*(760)). The proof of concept was developed on spectral and flux time series simulated with the Soil Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. This allowed the evaluation of SSA decomposition against variables that are independent of physiology or are modified by it. Slow SSA-decomposed components of PRI and Fy*(760) showed high correlations with the reference variables (R-2 = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). Fast SSA-decomposed components of PRI and Fy*(760) were better related to the physiological reference variables than the original signals during periods when leaf area index (LAI) was above 1 m(2) m(-2). The method was also successfully applied to predict light-use efficiency (LUE) from the fast SSA-decomposed components of PRI (R-2 = 0.70) and Fy*(760) (R-2 = 0.68) when discarding data modeled with LAI R-in < 250 W m(-2). The method was then tested on data acquired in a Mediterranean grassland. In this case, the fast SSA-decomposed component of apparent LUE* showed a stronger correlation with the fast SSA-decomposed component of Fy*(760) (R-2 = 0.42) than with original Fy*(760) (R-2 = 0.01). SSA-based approach is a promising tool for decoupling physiological information from measurements acquired with automated proximal sensing systems.Peer reviewe

Convergence of simple adaptive Galerkin schemes based on h − h/2 error estimators

We discuss several adaptive mesh-refinement strategies based on (h − h/2)-error estimation. This class of adaptivemethods is particularly popular in practise since it is problem independent and requires virtually no implementational overhead. We prove that, under the saturation assumption, these adaptive algorithms are convergent. Our framework applies not only to finite element methods, but also yields a first convergence proof for adaptive boundary element schemes. For a finite element model problem, we extend the proposed adaptive scheme and prove convergence even if the saturation assumption fails to hold in general

Approval consensus measures

In many realistic group decision making problems where a “representative” collective output must be produced, it is relevant to measure how much consensus this solution conveys to the group. Many aspects influence the final decision in group decision making problems. Two key issues are the experts’ individual opinions and the methodology followed to compute such a final decision (aggregation operators, voting systems, etc.). In this paper we consider situations where each member of a population decides upon approving or not approving each of a set of options. The experts express their opinions in a dichotomous way, e.g., because they intend to use approval voting. In order to measure the consensus or cohesiveness that the expression of the individual preferences conveys we propose the concept of approval consensus measure (ACM), which does not refer to any priors of the agents like preferences or other decision-making processes. Then we give axiomatic characterizations of two generic classes of ACMs

Approval consensus measures

In many realistic group decision making problems where a “representative” collective output must be produced, it is relevant to measure how much consensus this solution conveys to the group. Many aspects influence the final decision in group decision making problems. Two key issues are the experts’ individual opinions and the methodology followed to compute such a final decision (aggregation operators, voting systems, etc.). In this paper we consider situations where each member of a population decides upon approving or not approving each of a set of options. The experts express their opinions in a dichotomous way, e.g., because they intend to use approval voting. In order to measure the consensus or cohesiveness that the expression of the individual preferences conveys we propose the concept of approval consensus measure (ACM), which does not refer to any priors of the agents like preferences or other decision-making processes. Then we give axiomatic characterizations of two generic classes of ACMs

Indoor-outdoor NOX modelling in a single-side naturally ventilated room in a real building in Madrid

The specific objectives of this work are to assess a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling performance through data of one experimental campaign, to quantify the impact of outdoor NOX traffic emissions on indoor NOX concentration and to investigate the natural ventilation using the infiltrated NOX concentration decay and the Air Changes per Hour (ACHs). For this purpose, NOX transport phenomena in a single-side naturally ventilated room in a real building in Madrid is investigated through an Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) approach and individual passive scalar transport equations for each source (parked vehicles with the engine idling, street traffic and urban background). The combination of this methodology with suitable boundary conditions properly reproduces the time evolution of Wind Speed (WS), Wind Direction (WD) and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (κ), both inside the streets and above the buildings, even for WS < 1 m s−1, and also outdoor and indoor NOX concentrations. In this case, urban background significantly contributes to the indoor concentration and idling vehicles just below the room can contribute between 10 % and 50 % to the total indoor concentration, even when their emissions are considerably smaller than those of traffic in nearby streets. The Indoor-Outdoor NOX concentration ratio (I/O) depends not only on the outdoor concentration (which, at the same time, depends on the atmospheric turbulence) but also on the ventilation (in this case, type Single-Sided Ventilation, SSV), showing a wide range of values. The impact of an indoor Heat Source (HS) below the open window on I/O is low, but under certain meteorological conditions, the stack pressure could be more important than the wind pressure. The time required to ventilate the room is 3.4 min. It has been obtained using the infiltrated NOX concentration decay and has been verified through the average ACH, ⟨ACH(t)⟩. These results provide a better understanding of the impact of the meteorological conditions in outdoor-indoor NOX exchange by natural ventilation, which is the main goal of this research

Evaluation of a functional epigenetic approach to identify promoter region methylation in phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma

The molecular genetics of inherited phaeochromocytoma have received considerable attention, but the somatic genetic and epigenetic events that characterise tumourigenesis in sporadic phaeochromocytomas are less well defined. Previously, we found considerable overlap between patterns of promoter region tumour suppressor gene (TSG) hypermethylation in two neural crest tumours, neuroblastoma and phaeochromocytoma. In order to identify candidate biomarkers and epigenetically inactivated TSGs in phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, we characterised changes in gene expression in three neuroblastoma cell lines after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. Promoter region methylation status was then determined for 28 genes that demonstrated increased expression after demethylation. Three genes HSP47, homeobox A9 (HOXA9) and opioid binding protein (OPCML) were methylated in >10% of phaeochromocytomas (52, 17 and 12% respectively). Two of the genes, epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) and HSP47, demonstrated significantly more frequent methylation in neuroblastoma than phaeochromocytoma. These findings extend epigenotype of phaeochromocytoma and identify candidate genes implicated in sporadic phaeochromocytoma tumourigenesis

Multiple-constraint inversion of SCOPE. Evaluating the potential of GPP and SIF for the retrieval of plant functional traits

The most recent efforts to provide remote sensing (RS) estimates of plant function rely on the combination of Radiative Transfer Models (RTM) and Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models, such as the Soil-Canopy Observation Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model. In this work we used ground spectroradiometric and chamber-based CO2 flux measurements in a nutrient manipulated Mediterranean grassland in order to: 1) develop a multiple-constraint inversion approach of SCOPE able to retrieve vegetation biochemical, structural as well as key functional traits, such as chlorophyll concentration (Cab), leaf area index (LAI), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the Ball-Berry sensitivity parameter (m); and 2) compare the potential of the of gross primary production (GPP) and sun-induced fluorescence (SIF), together with up-welling Thermal Infrared (TIR) radiance and optical reflectance factors (RF), to estimate such parameters. The performance of the proposed inversion method as well as of the different sets of constraints was assessed with contemporary measurements of water and heat fluxes and leaf nitrogen content, using pattern-oriented model evaluation. The multiple-constraint inversion approach proposed together with the combination of optical RF and diel GPP and TIR data provided reliable estimates of parameters, and improved predicted water and heat fluxes. The addition of SIF to this scheme slightly improved the estimation of m. Parameter estimates were coherent with the variability imposed by the fertilization and the seasonality of the grassland. Results revealed that fertilization had an impact on Vcmax, while no significant differences were found for m. The combination of RF, SIF and diel TIR data weakly constrained functional traits. Approaches not including GPP failed to estimate LAI; however GPP overestimated Cab in the dry period. These problems might be related to the presence of high fractions of senescent leaves in the grassland. The proposed inversion approach together with pattern-oriented model evaluation open new perspectives for the retrieval of plant functional traits relevant for land surface models, and can be utilized at various research sites where hyperspectral remote sensing imagery and eddy covariance flux measurements are simultaneously taken