677 research outputs found
Characteristics of Quantum-Classical Correspondence for Two Interacting Spins
The conditions of quantum-classical correspondence for a system of two
interacting spins are investigated. Differences between quantum expectation
values and classical Liouville averages are examined for both regular and
chaotic dynamics well beyond the short-time regime of narrow states. We find
that quantum-classical differences initially grow exponentially with a
characteristic exponent consistently larger than the largest Lyapunov exponent.
We provide numerical evidence that the time of the break between the quantum
and classical predictions scales as log(), where is
a characteristic system action. However, this log break-time rule applies only
while the quantum-classical deviations are smaller than order hbar. We find
that the quantum observables remain well approximated by classical Liouville
averages over long times even for the chaotic motions of a few
degree-of-freedom system. To obtain this correspondence it is not necessary to
introduce the decoherence effects of a many degree-of-freedom environment.Comment: New introduction, accepted in Phys Rev A (May 2001 issue), 12 latex
figures, 3 ps figure
Lightweight ducts fabricated from reinforced plastics and elastomers
Method has been developed for fabrication of lightweight ducts that are three times stronger than aluminum ducts. Method can be used to produce either flexible or rigid ducts
Shot Noise of Spin-Decohering Transport in Spin-Orbit Coupled Nanostructures
We generalize the scattering theory of quantum shot noise to include the full
spin-density matrix of electrons injected from a spin-filtering or
ferromagnetic electrode into a quantum-coherent nanostructure governed by
various spin-dependent interactions. This formalism yields the spin-resolved
shot noise power for different experimental measurement setups--with
ferromagnetic source and ferromagnetic or normal drain electrodes--whose
evaluation for the diffusive multichannel quantum wires with the Rashba (SO)
spin-orbit coupling shows how spin decoherence and dephasing lead to
substantial enhancement of charge current fluctuations (characterized by Fano
factors ). However, these processes and the corresponding shot noise
increase are suppressed in narrow wires, so that charge transport experiments
measuring the Fano factor in a
ferromagnet/SO-coupled-wire/paramagnet setup also quantify the degree of
phase-coherence of transported spin--we predict a one-to-one correspondence
between the magnitude of the spin polarization vector and .Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure; enhanced with 2 new figure
Non-adiabatic effects in long-pulse mixed-field orientation of a linear polar molecule
We present a theoretical study of the impact of an electrostatic field
combined with non-resonant linearly polarized laser pulses on the rotational
dynamics of linear molecules. Within the rigid rotor approximation, we solve
the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for several field configurations.
Using the OCS molecule as prototype, the field-dressed dynamics is analyzed in
detail for experimentally accessible static field strengths and laser pulses.
Results for directional cosines are presented and compared to the predictions
of the adiabatic theory. We demonstrate that for prototypical field
configuration used in current mixed-field orientation experiments, the
molecular field dynamics is, in general, non-adiabatic, being mandatory a
time-dependent description of these systems. We investigate several field
regimes identifying the sources of non-adiabatic effects, and provide the field
parameters under which the adiabatic dynamics would be achieved.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
New bases for a general definition for the moving preferred basis
One of the challenges of the Environment-Induced Decoherence (EID) approach
is to provide a simple general definition of the moving pointer basis or moving
preferred basis. In this letter we prove that the study of the poles that
produce the decaying modes in non-unitary evolution, could yield a general
definition of the relaxation, the decoherence times, and the moving preferred
basis. These probably are the most important concepts in the theory of
decoherence, one of the most relevant chapters of theoretical (and also
practical) quantum mechanics. As an example we solved the Omnes (or
Lee-Friedrich) model using our theory.Comment: 6 page
Spin-dependent electron-impurity scattering in two-dimensional electron systems
We present a theoretical study of elastic spin-dependent electron scattering
caused by a charged impurity in the vicinity of a two-dimensional electron gas.
We find that the symmetry properties of the spin-dependent differential
scattering cross section are different for an impurity located in the plane of
the electron gas and for one at a finite distance from the plane. We show that
in the latter case asymmetric (`skew') scattering can arise if the polarization
of the incident electron has a finite projection on the plane spanned by the
normal vector of the two-dimensional electron gas and the initial propagation
direction. In specially preparated samples this scattering mechanism may give
rise to a Hall-like effect in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field.Comment: 4.1 pages, 2 figure
Multi-order interference is generally nonzero
It is demonstrated that the third-order interference, as obtained from
explicit solutions of Maxwell's equations for realistic models of three-slit
devices, including an idealized version of the three-slit device used in a
recent three-slit experiment with light (U. Sinha et al., Science 329, 418
(2010)), is generally nonzero. The hypothesis that the third-order interference
should be zero is shown to be fatally flawed because it requires dropping the
one-to-one correspondence between the symbols in the mathematical theory and
the different experimental configurations.Comment: Replaced Figs. 4,5 and caption of Fig.
The Quantum Mechanics of Hyperion
This paper is motivated by the suggestion [W. Zurek, Physica Scripta, T76,
186 (1998)] that the chaotic tumbling of the satellite Hyperion would become
non-classical within 20 years, but for the effects of environmental
decoherence. The dynamics of quantum and classical probability distributions
are compared for a satellite rotating perpendicular to its orbital plane,
driven by the gravitational gradient. The model is studied with and without
environmental decoherence. Without decoherence, the maximum quantum-classical
(QC) differences in its average angular momentum scale as hbar^{2/3} for
chaotic states, and as hbar^2 for non-chaotic states, leading to negligible QC
differences for a macroscopic object like Hyperion. The quantum probability
distributions do not approach their classical limit smoothly, having an
extremely fine oscillatory structure superimposed on the smooth classical
background. For a macroscopic object, this oscillatory structure is too fine to
be resolved by any realistic measurement. Either a small amount of smoothing
(due to the finite resolution of the apparatus) or a very small amount of
environmental decoherence is sufficient ensure the classical limit. Under
decoherence, the QC differences in the probability distributions scale as
(hbar^2/D)^{1/6}, where D is the momentum diffusion parameter. We conclude that
decoherence is not essential to explain the classical behavior of macroscopic
bodies.Comment: 17 pages, 24 figure
Invalidity of Classes of Approximated Hall Effect Calculations
In this comment, I point out a number of approximated derivations for the
effective equation of motion, now been applied to d-wave superconductors by
Kopnin and Volovik are invalid. The major error in those approximated
derivations is the inappropriate use of the relaxation time approximation in
force-force correlation functions, or in force balance equations, or in similar
variations. This approximation is wrong and unnecessary.Comment: final version, minor changes, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
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