The immunohistochemical expression of leptin in lymph node metastasis from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Introduction: Leptin is a proteohormone produced predominantly by white adipocytes and primarily known for its key role in the control of food intake and sense of satiety. From its discover leptin has been found in different body districts, involved in always new functions and processes. In the last years numerous relationships between leptin and cancer has been found. The aim of this study is to test the leptin positivity in human primitive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in its lymph node metastasis. Materials and methods: Leptin positivity was detected by immunohistochemical analysis on pathological samples from 18 patients subjected to laryngectomy and neck dissection for SCC. Results: During the study we pointed out a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between leptin positivity levels and tumor differentiation grade, in particular we observed that a decrease in tumor leptin production correlates with higher level of cancer histological dedifferentiation. Conclusion: Our research on leptin expression in laryngeal squamous neoplastic pathology is aimed to the attempt of establishing a more precise patient risk stratification thanks to a new marker able to give a contribution to the identification of patient with poor prognosis and at risk of failure of actual standard therapy

A three-dimensional view of the remnant of Nova Persei 1901 (GK Per)

We present a kinematical study of the optical ejecta of GK Per. It is based on proper motions measurements of 282 knots from ~20 images spanning 25 years. Doppler-shifts are also computed for 217 knots. The combination of proper motions and radial velocities allows a unique 3-D view of the ejecta to be obtained. The main results are: (1) the outflow is a thick shell in which knots expand with a significant range of velocities, mostly between 600 and 1000 km/s; (2) kinematical ages indicate that knots have suffered only a modest deceleration since their ejection a century ago; (3) no evidence for anisotropy in the expansion rate is found; (4) velocity vectors are generally aligned along the radial direction but a symmetric pattern of non-radial velocities is also observed at specific directions; (5) the total Halpha+[NII] flux has been linearly decreasing at a rate of 2.6 % per year in the last decade. The Eastern nebular side is fading at a slower rate than the Western one. Some of the knots displayed a rapid change of brightness during the 2004-2011 period. Over a longer timescale, a progressive circularization and homogenization of the nebula is taking place; (6) a kinematic distance of 400+-30 pc is determined. These results raise some problems to the previous interpretations of the evolution of GK Per. In particular, the idea of a strong interaction of the outflow with the surrounding medium in the Southwest quadrant is not supported by our data.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (19 pages, 17 figures). Higher resolution version of this article (2.5 MB) is available at http://www.aai.ee/~sinope/ApJ89291_liimets.pd

PARTISIPASI TENAGA KERJA WANITA DI USAHA BUNGA POTONG DI KELURAHAN KAKASKASEN II, KECAMATAN TOMOHON UTARA, KOTA TOMOHON

In this era of globalization, many efforts have done in order to earn money for the family. Efforts in agriculture be one choice of families and communities. In general, the development has opened up opportunities for women to engage in various businesses in the agricultural sector which has been dominated by men. The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of women owners or workers in the cut flower business in Kakaskasen II Village, North Tomohon sub district, Tomohon. The study lasted for 3 months, namely in November 2015 until January 2016, ranging from research preparation to the formulation of a research report. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through direct interview to the respondents. Method of sample selection has used purposive sampling technique on nine women from 11 women as population who are owners or workers in the cut flower business. Data collection is a direct interview and observation (observation). Secondary data was collected from previous studies conducted by other researchers, but at the same location. Data analysis in this research using descriptive analysis and also using a Likert scale, with level 1 (underactive), 2 (active), 3 (highly active). This study found, based on an analysis using a Likert scale, that the number of female labor force participation index in the cut flower business (including planting, maintenance, cutting/ harvesting/buying, stringing, or sales) are at a point that 85.6% were categorized as high. Further analysis showed that the labor force participation rate of women in cut flower business with a score of up to 185 of the range of the number of ideal scoring the highest score was 216 and the lowest score was 72. Suggestions in this study, based on the conclusions derived, is the government should open up more opportunities to increase the number of business opportunities and work for women in cut flower business in order to alleviate the problem of female unemployment and poverty that exist in Tomohon City.*eprm

PARTISIPASI TENAGA KERJA WANITA DI USAHA BUNGA POTONG DI KELURAHAN KAKASKASEN II, KECAMATAN TOMOHON UTARA, KOTA TOMOHON

In this era of globalization, many efforts have done in order to earn money for the family. Efforts in agriculture be one choice of families and communities. In general, the development has opened up opportunities for women to engage in various businesses in the agricultural sector which has been dominated by men. The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of women owners or workers in the cut flower business in Kakaskasen II Village, North Tomohon sub district, Tomohon. The study lasted for 3 months, namely in November 2015 until January 2016, ranging from research preparation to the formulation of a research report. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through direct interview to the respondents. Method of sample selection has used purposive sampling technique on nine women from 11 women as population who are owners or workers in the cut flower business. Data collection is a direct interview and observation (observation). Secondary data was collected from previous studies conducted by other researchers, but at the same location. Data analysis in this research using descriptive analysis and also using a Likert scale, with level 1 (underactive), 2 (active), 3 (highly active). This study found, based on an analysis using a Likert scale, that the number of female labor force participation index in the cut flower business (including planting, maintenance, cutting/ harvesting/buying, stringing, or sales) are at a point that 85.6% were categorized as high. Further analysis showed that the labor force participation rate of women in cut flower business with a score of up to 185 of the range of the number of ideal scoring the highest score was 216 and the lowest score was 72. Suggestions in this study, based on the conclusions derived, is the government should open up more opportunities to increase the number of business opportunities and work for women in cut flower business in order to alleviate the problem of female unemployment and poverty that exist in Tomohon City.*eprm

Partisipasi Tenaga Kerja Wanita di USAha Bunga Potong di Kelurahan Kakaskasen II, Kecamatan Tomohon Utara, Kota Tomohon

In this era of globalization, many efforts have done in order to earn money for the family. Efforts in agriculture be one choice of families and communities. In general, the development has opened up opportunities for women to engage in various businesses in the agricultural sector which has been dominated by men. The purpose of this study was to determine the participation of women owners or workers in the cut flower business in Kakaskasen II Village, North Tomohon sub district, Tomohon. The study lasted for 3 months, namely in November 2015 until January 2016, ranging from research preparation to the formulation of a research report. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through direct interview to the respondents. Method of sample selection has used purposive sampling technique on nine women from 11 women as population who are owners or workers in the cut flower business. Data collection is a direct interview and observation (observation). Secondary data was collected from previous studies conducted by other researchers, but at the same location. Data analysis in this research using descriptive analysis and also using a Likert scale, with level 1 (underactive), 2 (active), 3 (highly active). This study found, based on an analysis using a Likert scale, that the number of female labor force participation index in the cut flower business (including planting, maintenance, cutting/ harvesting/buying, stringing, or sales) are at a point that 85.6% were categorized as high. Further analysis showed that the labor force participation rate of women in cut flower business with a score of up to 185 of the range of the number of ideal scoring the highest score was 216 and the lowest score was 72. Suggestions in this study, based on the conclusions derived, is the government should open up more opportunities to increase the number of business opportunities and work for women in cut flower business in order to alleviate the problem of female unemployment and poverty that exist in Tomohon City.*eprm

New insights into the outflows from R Aquarii

R Aquarii is a symbiotic binary surrounded by a large and complex nebula with a prominent curved jet. It is one of the closest known symbiotic systems, and therefore offers a unique opportunity to study the central regions of these systems and the formation and evolution of astrophysical jets. We studied the evolution of the central jet and outer nebula of R Aqr taking advantage of a long term monitoring campaign of optical imaging, as well as of high-resolution integral field spectroscopy. Narrow-band images acquired over a period of more than 21 years are compared in order to study the expansion and evolution of all components of the R Aqr nebula. The magnification method is used to derive the kinematic ages of the features that appear to expand radially. Integral field spectroscopy of the OIII 5007A emission is used to study the velocity structure of the central regions of the jet. New extended features, further out than the previously known hourglass nebula, are detected. The kinematic distance to R Aqr is calculated to be 178 pc using the expansion of the large hourglass nebula. This nebula of R Aqr is found to be roughly 650 years old, while the inner regions have ages ranging from 125 to 290 years. The outer nebula is found to be well described by a ballistic expansion, while for most components of the jet strong deviations from such behaviour are found. We find that the Northern jet is mostly red-shifted while its Southern part is blue-shifted, apparently at odds with findings from previous studies but almost certainly a consequence of the complex nature of the jet and variations in ionisation and illumination between observations.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Literature Review

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. Despite a lower incidence of laryngeal carcinoma, new diagnostic techniques, and more targeted therapies, the overall survival has not changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. Recently, several studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers that may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LSCC. Reviewing the literature on the main databases, this study aims to investigate the role of some biomarkers in LSCC that are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation: heat shock proteins; metallothioneins; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; heme oxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2; and micro ribonucleic acids. This review shows that biomarker expression depends on the type, grade of differentiation, stage, and site of carcinoma. In addition, the role of these biomarkers in LSCC is still little-known and little-studied. However, the study of biomarker expression and the detection of a possible correlation with patients’ epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutics data may lead to better awareness and knowledge of the tumor, to the identification of the best therapeutic strategy, and the most proper follow-up protocol tailored for each patient. In conclusion, the achievement of these goals may improve the prognosis of LSCC patients

Modelling simple stellar populations in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared with the X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL)

We present simple stellar population models based on the empirical X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL) from NUV to NIR wavelengths. The unmatched characteristics of relatively high resolution and extended wavelength coverage ($350-2480$ nm, $R\sim10\,000$) of the XSL population models bring us closer to bridging optical and NIR studies of intermediate and old stellar populations. It is now common to find good agreement between observed and predicted NUV and optical properties of stellar clusters due to our good understanding of the main-sequence and early giant phases of stars. However, NIR spectra of intermediate-age and old stellar populations are sensitive to cool K and M giants. The asymptotic giant branch, especially the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch, shapes the NIR spectra of $0.5-2$ Gyr old stellar populations; the tip of the red giant branch defines the NIR spectra of populations with ages larger than that. We construct sequences of the average spectra of static giants, variable-rich giants, and C-rich giants to include in the models separately. The models span the metallicity range $-2.2<[Fe/H]<+0.2$ and ages above 50 Myr, a broader range in the NIR than in other models based on empirical spectral libraries. Our models can reproduce the integrated optical colours of the Coma cluster galaxies at the same level as other semi-empirical models found in the literature. In the NIR, there are notable differences between the colours of the models and Coma cluster galaxies. The XSL models expand the range of predicted values of NIR indices compared to other models based on empirical libraries. Our models make it possible to perform in-depth studies of colours and spectral features consistently throughout the optical and the NIR range to clarify the role of evolved cool stars in stellar populations.Comment: 30 pages, 26 figures, accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics, models will be available on http://xsl.astro.unistra.fr/ upon publishin

Mapping Cumulative Environmental Risks: Examples from The EU NoMiracle Project

We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms under the CA assumption, and two techniques to (1) integrate risks using data-driven, parametric statistical methods, and (2) cluster together areas with similar occurrence of different risk factors, respectively. The examples are used to discuss some general issues, particularly on the conventional nature of cumulative risk maps, and may provide some suggestions for the practice of cumulative risk mapping