A Novel Multistage Equalization Algorithm

A novel equalization algorithm utilizing improper nature of the intersymbol interference (ISI) is introduced in this paper. We show that full exploitation of the available information on the second-order statistics of the observed signal entails widely linear processing and that previously known linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers represent sub-optimum solutions. The proposed scheme is generally applicable for both real and complex signal constellations. The results show that accounting for the improper nature of the ISI leads to significant performance gain compared to conventional equalization schemes

Correction: Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid–water mixtures

Correction for ‘Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid–water mixtures’ by Kris Anderson et al., Green Chem., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5gc00720h

Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid water mixtures

[EN] Carbon dioxide solubility in a set of carboxylate ionic liquids formulated with stoicheiometric amounts of water is found to be significantly higher than for other ionic liquids previously reported. This is due to synergistic chemical and physical absorption. The formulated ionic liquid/water mixtures show greatly enhanced carbon dioxide solubility relative to both anhydrous ionic liquids and aqueous ionic liquid solutions, and are competitive with commercial chemical absorbers, such as activated N-methyldiethanolamine or monoethanolamine.The authors would like to acknowledge PETRONAS for financial support of this research, and Cytec (especially Dr Al Robertson) for supplying some of the phosphonium ionic liquids used.Anderson, K.; Atkins, MP.; Estager, J.; Kuah, Y.; Ng, S.; Oliferenko, AA.; Plechkova, NV.... (2015). Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid water mixtures. 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CO2Capture by a Task-Specific Ionic Liquid. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124(6), 926-927. doi:10.1021/ja017593dWang, C., Luo, X., Zhu, X., Cui, G., Jiang, D., Deng, D., … Dai, S. (2013). The strategies for improving carbon dioxide chemisorption by functionalized ionic liquids. RSC Advances, 3(36), 15518. doi:10.1039/c3ra42366bRamdin, M., de Loos, T. W., & Vlugt, T. J. H. (2012). State-of-the-Art of CO2Capture with Ionic Liquids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(24), 8149-8177. doi:10.1021/ie3003705Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Dong, H., Zhao, Z., Zhang, S., & Huang, Y. (2012). Carbon capture with ionic liquids: overview and progress. Energy & Environmental Science, 5(5), 6668. doi:10.1039/c2ee21152aYokozeki, A., & Shiflett, M. B. (2009). Separation of Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide Gases Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid [hmim][Tf2N]. Energy & Fuels, 23(9), 4701-4708. doi:10.1021/ef900649cCabaço, M. I., Besnard, M., Danten, Y., & Coutinho, J. A. P. (2012). 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Alkyltributylphosphonium chloride ionic liquids: synthesis, physicochemical properties and crystal structure. Dalton Transactions, 41(27), 8316. doi:10.1039/c1dt10466gM. B. Shiflett and A.Yokozeki, Phase Behaviour of Gases in Ionic Liquids, in Ionic Liquids UnCOILed: Critical Expert Overviews, ed. N. V. Plechkova and K. R. Seddon, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2013, pp. 349–398Ibrahim, A. Y., Ashour, F. H., Ghallab, A. O., & Ali, M. (2014). Effects of piperazine on carbon dioxide removal from natural gas using aqueous methyl diethanol amine. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 21, 894-899. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2014.10.011Anonymous , Piperazine – Why It's Used And How It Works, The Contractor (Optimized Gas Treating, Inc.), Houston, 2008, 2 [4], http://www.ogtrt.com/files/contactors/vol_2_issue_4.pd

Exploring patterns of recurrent melanoma in Northeast Scotland to inform the introduction a digital self-examination intervention

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

High-resolution polarimetry of Parsamian 21: revealing the structure of an edge-on FU Ori disc

We present the first high spatial resolution near-infrared direct and polarimetric observations of Parsamian 21, obtained with the VLT/NACO instrument. We complemented these measurements with archival infrared observations, such as HST/WFPC2 imaging, HST/NICMOS polarimetry, Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry, Spitzer IRS spectroscopy as well as ISO photometry. Our main conclusions are the following: (1) we argue that Parsamian 21 is probably an FU Orionis-type object; (2) Parsamian 21 is not associated with any rich cluster of young stars; (3) our measurements reveal a circumstellar envelope, a polar cavity and an edge-on disc; the disc seems to be geometrically flat and extends from approximately 48 to 360 AU from the star; (4) the SED can be reproduced with a simple model of a circumstellar disc and an envelope; (5) within the framework of an evolutionary sequence of FUors proposed by Green et al. (2006) and Quanz et al. (2007), Parsamian 21 can be classified as an intermediate-aged object.Comment: Accepted for publication in the MNRAS. 16 pages, 18 figures and 5 table

Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid to detect biologic markers of breast cancer.

The early detection of breast cancer is the best means to minimise disease-related mortality. Current screening techniques have limited sensitivity and specificity. Breast nipple aspirate fluid can be obtained noninvasively and contains proteins secreted from ductal and lobular epithelia. Nipple aspirate fluid proteins are breast specific and generally more concentrated than corresponding blood levels. Proteomic analysis of 1 microl of diluted nipple aspirate fluid over a 5-40 kDa range from 20 subjects with breast cancer and 13 with nondiseased breasts identified five differentially expressed proteins. The most sensitive and specific proteins were 6500 and 15 940 Da, found in 75-84% of samples from women with cancer but in only 0-9% of samples from normal women. These findings suggest that (1) differential expression of nipple aspirate fluid proteins exists between women with normal and diseased breasts, and (2) analysis of these proteins may predict the presence of breast cancer

Development of Kilo-Pixel Arrays of Transition-Edge Sensors for X-Ray Spectroscopy

We are developing kilo-pixel arrays of transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters for future X-ray astronomy observatories or for use in laboratory astrophysics applications. For example, Athena/XMS (currently under study by the european space agency) would require a close-packed 32x32 pixel array on a 250-micron pitch with < 3.0 eV full-width-half-maximum energy resolution at 6 keV and at count-rates of up to 50 counts/pixel/second. We present characterization of 32x32 arrays. These detectors will be readout using state of the art SQUID based time-domain multiplexing (TDM). We will also present the latest results in integrating these detectors and the TDM readout technology into a 16 row x N column field-able instrument

Assessing the value of intangible benefits of property level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. Studies in the UK and elsewhere have identified that flooding can result in diverse impacts, ranging from significant financial costs (tangible) to social (intangible) impacts on households. At the same time, it is now clear that large-scale flood defence schemes are not the panacea to flood risk, and there is an increasing responsibility on property owners to protect their own properties. Hence, there is an emerging expectation for homeowners to take action in the form of investing in property level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures to protect their properties. However, hitherto the level of uptake of such measures remains very low. The tangible financial benefits of investing in PLFRA measures are generally well understood and have been demonstrated to be cost beneficial for many properties at risk from frequent flooding. Importantly, these estimates tend to take little account of the value of the intangible benefits of PLFRA measures and therefore may be under estimating their full benefits. There remains a need to develop an improved understanding of these intangible benefits, and this research sets out to bridge this knowledge gap. Based on a synthesis of the literature, the contingent valuation method was selected as a means to value intangible impacts of flooding on households. A questionnaire survey of homeowners affected in the 2007 flooding was employed to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) values to avoid the intangible impacts of flooding on their households. The analysis of the questionnaire survey data revealed that the average WTP per household per year to avoid intangible flood impacts was £653. This therefore represents the value of the intangible benefits of investing in PLFRA measures and is significantly higher than previously estimated. This research builds on previous research in suggesting a higher value to the intangible impacts of flooding on households by assessing wider range of intangible impacts and focussing on more experienced individuals. Furthermore, the research indicates that factors which influence the WTP values were principally stress of flood, worrying about loss of house values, worrying about future flooding and age of respondents, with income showing a weak correlation. The establishment of a new value for the intangible impacts of flooding on households in the UK is helpful in the domain of flood risk management when evaluating the total benefits (tangible and intangible) of investing in flood protection measures, thus providing a robust assessment for decision-making on flood adaptation measures at an individual property level