Evaluation of the Influence of Different Grades of Reinforcing Steel on the Seismic Performance of Concrete reinforced Frame Structures with Nonlinear Static Analysis

In this investigation, the elasto-plastic behavior and the seismic performance of concrete reinforced frame structures reinforced are evaluated by applying the Pushover method. This evaluation is done on several cases: with high ductility steel (Grade 40), conventional steel (Grade 60) and high strength steel (Grade 75). For the previous, the capacity curve graph obtained from the displacement coefficient method was used to measure the capacity of the structure. In addition, the performance of the structure for different levels of seismic design are evaluated with the resulting values of ductility and rigidity of each case. The results showed that reinforcing a structure with a Grade 40 reinforcing steel increases the energy dissipation capacity, and if reinforced with a Grade 75 reinforcing steel increases the strength capacity in the structure. Finally, the comparative result of the various cases are presented to demonstrate the influence of reinforcing steel on the plastic behavior of concrete reinforced frame structures

Analysis of seismic bidirectionality on response of reinforced concrete structures with irregularities of l-shaped plan and soft story

The seismic design of buildings is usually performed using one-way analysis for each of main axes independently. However, seismic events have fairly random behaviour and impose bidirectional solicitations on structures. In this work, the study of the response in structures subjects to earthquake loads with irregularity of l-shaped plan and soft story is carried out. For this, the linear time-story analysis (LTHA) of these has been carried out imposing seismic solicitations in two orthogonal directions. Thus, the structural response with incidence angle variations of 10 is obtained and compared with the response derived from the unidirectional analysis. Variations of up to 50% and 72% are obtained for model structures with l-shaped plan and soft story respectively

Acoustic characteristics of vocalisations emitted by the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during copula ejaculation and electro-ejaculation with or without anaesthesia

[EN] Vocalisations can be used as reliable indicators of pain, but little information is available in rabbits, where acoustic tools for farming environments can be used for welfare judgements. The aim of this study was to compare vocalisations produced during copula ejaculation and electro-ejaculation (EE), with or without general anaesthesia, in domestic rabbits. Vocalisations of nine New Zealand white adult males were digitally recorded. The number of males vocalising and vocal characteristics including high, low, maximum and fundamental frequencies and duration of the vocalisations were analysed. There were no differences in the number of males vocalising or any vocalisation parameter between the 1st and 2nd ejaculation while copulating, even though the fundamental frequency increased in all males in the 2nd ejaculation (P=0.008). More males vocalised while mating than while being electro-ejaculated (P=0.03), and all vocalisation parameters were greater during EE than while mating (P=0.004). The use or not of anaesthesia during EE did not modify any of the parameters evaluated. It was concluded that: 1) more males vocalised during copula ejaculation than while being electro-ejaculated; 2) bio-acoustic analysis allowed us to identify aversive utterance vocalisations, which are characterised with higher frequencies, that those from non-aversive stimulus; and 3) at least with the anaesthetic combination and the responses studied, anaesthesia had no effect on the acoustic characteristics of the vocalisation emitted during EE in rabbits.Orihuela, A.; Ungerfeld, R. (2019). Acoustic characteristics of vocalisations emitted by the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) during copula ejaculation and electro-ejaculation with or without anaesthesia. World Rabbit Science. 27(3):157-162. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.10809SWORD157162273Abril-Sánchez S., Freitas-de-Melo A., Damián, J.P., Giriboni J., Villagrá-García A., Ungerfeld R. 2017. Ejaculation does not contribute to the stress response to electroejaculation in sheep. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 52: 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12922Abril-Sánchez S., Crosignani N., Freitas-de-Melo A., Terrazas A., Damián J.P., Beracochea R., Silveira P., Ungerfeld R. 2018. Sedation or anaesthesia decrease the stress response to eletroejacuation and improve the quality of the collected semen in goat bucks. Animal, 12: 2598-2608. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731118000320Aguirre F.V., Vázquez R.R., Hallal C.C., Orihuela A., Flores S.M., Flores P.I. 2015. Stress induced by electro-ejaculation in domestic rabbits. XXIV Congress of the Latin American Association of Animal Production. November 9-13. Puerto Varas, Chile. pp. 271.Cools R., Roberts A.C., Robbins T.W. 2008. Serotoninergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes. Trends Cogn. Sci., 12: 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.10.011da Silva Cordeiro A., Näs I.D., Oliveira S., Violaro F., Almeida A.D., Neves D. 2013. Understanding vocalization might help to assess stressful conditions in piglets. Animals, 3: 923-934. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3030923Damián J.P., Ungerfeld R. 2011. The stress response of frequently electroejaculated rams to electroejaculation: hormonal, physiological, biochemical, haematological and behavioural parameters. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 46: 646-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01722.xDamián J.P., Ungerfeld R. 2010. Vocalizations are reliable indicators of pain during electroejaculation in rams. In Proc.: 44th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology, 4-7, August, Uppsala, Sweden, pp.184.Dawkins M.S. 1998. Evolution and animal welfare. Q. Rev. Biol., 73: 305-328.Donovan J., Brown P. 1998. Anesthesia. Curr. Protoc. Immunol., 27: 141-145.Fumagalli F., Damián J.P., Ungerfeld R. 2015. Vocalizations during electroejaculation in anaesthetized adult and young Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 50: 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12494Giuliano F., Allard J. 2001. Dopamine and Male Sexual Function. Eur. Urol., 40: 601-608. https://doi.org/10.1159/000049844Hull E.M., Muschamp J.W., Sato S. 2004. Dopamine and serotonin: influences on male sexual behavior. Physiol. Behav., 83: 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(04)00357-9Jürgens U. 1979. Vocalization as an emotional indicator a Neuroethological Study in the Squirrel Monkey. Behaviour, 69: 88-117.Manteuffel G., Puppe B., Schön P.C. 2004. Vocalization of farm animals as a measure of welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 88: 163-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.02.012Morton E.S. 1977. On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some birds and mammals sound. Am. Nat., 111: 855-869. https://doi.org/10.1086/283219Ohl, D.A., 1993. Electroejaculation. Urol. Clin. North Am., 20: 181-188.Orihuela A., Aguirre V., Hernández C., Flores-Pérez I., Vázquez R. 2009a. Effect of Anesthesia on Welfare Aspects of Hair Sheep (Ovis aries) During Electro-Ejaculation. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8: 305-308.Orihuela A., Aguirre V., Hernández C., Flores-Pérez I., Vázquez R. 2009b. Ejaculation on the Serum Cortisol Response, Heart and Respiratory Rates in Hair Sheep (Ovis aries). J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8: 1968-1972.Seyfart R.M., Cheney D.L. 2003. Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000: 32-55.Watts J.M., Stookey J.M. 1999. Effects of restraint and branding on rates and acoustic parameters of vocalization in beef cattle. Appl. Anim. Sci., 62: 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00222-6Watts J.M., Stookey J.M. 2000. Vocal behaviour in cattle: the animal's commentary on its biological processes and welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 67: 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00108-2White R.G., DeShazer J.A., Tressler C.J., Borcher G.M., Davey S., Waninge A., Parkhurst A.M., Milanuk M.J., Clemens E.T. 1995. Vocalization and physiological response of pigs during castration with or without a local anesthetic. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 381-386. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.732381

Estimating genuine investment for the Peruvian mining sector during 1992-2005

This two-page policy brief evaluates the sustainability of the Peruvian mining sector during the period 1992-2005. It concludes that without adequate mineral revenue allocation into other types of capital within the sector, mining activity will not be sustainable

An optimal control L-2-gain disturbance rejection design for networked control systems

This paper proposes an optimal control solution for the L2-gain disturbance rejection problem for networked control systems. The problem, usually referred as mixed H2/H∞, aims at designing a linear stabilizing controller minimizing a given cost function subject to a L2-gain disturbance rejec tion constraint. The problem is formulated assuming network induced time-varying delays and/or packet losses. An LMI-based minimization problem is derived based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach, considering a polytopic covering of the time-delay range. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the methodology

Delay-dependent robust stability analysis for systems with interval delays

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis for uncertain systems with interval time-varying delays. An appropriate class of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals is proposed and, splitting the known bounds of the delay interval in two subintervals, a new delay-dependent criterion is derived. In addition, we resort to the use of a polytope to introduce a novel treatment of the time-varying delays. A number of different examples are given to demonstrate the reduced conservatism of this method

Reingeniería de los blowers del sistema de frenado de un camión electríco de 320 toneladas de carga para minería en el altiplano peruano

La presente investigación comprende el rediseño del sistema de frenado de un camión eléctrico de 320 toneladas de carga a través de la modificación del sistema de enfriamiento de resistencias, que utiliza los actuadores llamados blowers en la aplicación de un retardo dinámico en la operación regular del sistema de frenado de los camiones de carga de alta minería, cuyas operaciones se realizan en altitudes por encima de los 4000 msnm. El estudio se basa en la alta incidencia de fallas de los sistemas eléctricos expuestos a condiciones ambientales extremas de temperatura, humedad y presión, por lo que se propone el desarrollo de la reingeniería del sistema motriz de los blowers a través del reemplazo de su motor eléctrico por un motor hidráulico de altas revoluciones