Challenges in Simulation of Aerodynamics, Hydrodynamics, and Mooring-Line Dynamics of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

This paper presents the current major modeling challenges for floating offshore wind turbine design tools and describes aerodynamic and hydrodynamic effects due to rotor and platform motions and usage of non-slender support structures

Long-term research challenges in wind energy – a research agenda by the European Academy of Wind Energy

The European Academy of Wind Energy (eawe), representing universities and institutes with a significant wind energy programme in 14 countries, has discussed the long-term research challenges in wind energy. In contrast to research agendas addressing short- to medium-term research activities, this eawe document takes a longer-term perspective, addressing the scientific knowledge base that is required to develop wind energy beyond the applications of today and tomorrow. In other words, this long-term research agenda is driven by problems and curiosity, addressing basic research and fundamental knowledge in 11 research areas, ranging from physics and design to environmental and societal aspects. Because of the very nature of this initiative, this document does not intend to be permanent or complete. It shows the vision of the experts of the eawe, but other views may be possible. We sincerely hope that it will spur an even more intensive discussion worldwide within the wind energy community

Effet De La Technologie, Du Cultivar Et De La Durée De Conservation Sur La Stabilité Et La Qualité Du Lait De Soja (Glycine maxima)

Three technologies named D (wet dehulled soybeans seeds), B (boiled soybean seeds before dehulling) and T (roasted soybean seeds before dehulling) for stabilized soymilk production were tested with TGX (large grain size) and Jupiter (small grain size) cultivars. Production yields, sensory, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of produced milks were determined over a period of 3 months. . The bottled milk was sterilized at a temperature of 115°C under a pressure of 0.7 bar for one hour. The milks were stored at temperature storage place 27°C (for 3 months). The milk yield for technology D is 90.87 % for the jupiter and 92.01 % for the TGX. These yields are higher than the other technologies. Whatever the technology, the TGX cultivar gives a better yield 92.01 %. Sensory analysis revealed that the milk produced with technology D and jupiter cultivar is more appreciated by the 77 % panelist. This milk has a pH of 7.14 at the day of production and decreases to 6.83 after 3 months of storage. Protein, fat and Dry Soluble Matter (DSM) content decreased after storage by 4.30 to 4.13 %, 1.7 to 1.2 % and from 11.68 to 10.28 °Brix respectively. The viscosity was 1.24 cp at the beginning and 1.38 cp after storage. After 3 months of storage, the milk is stable and its microbiological quality complies with accepted standards in relation to spores, coliforms, yeasts and molds

Arousal of Cancer-Associated Stroma: Overexpression of Palladin Activates Fibroblasts to Promote Tumor Invasion

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts, comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in the stroma surrounding solid tumors. These myofibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Mechanisms regulating the activation of the fibroblasts and the initiation of invasive tumorigenesis are of great interest. Upregulation of the cytoskeletal protein, palladin, has been detected in the stromal myofibroblasts surrounding many solid cancers and in expression screens for genes involved in invasion. Using a pancreatic cancer model, we investigated the functional consequence of overexpression of exogenous palladin in normal fibroblasts in vitro and its effect on the early stages of tumor invasion. Principal Findings: Palladin expression in stromal fibroblasts occurs very early in tumorigenesis. In vivo, concordant expression of palladin and the myofibroblast marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), occurs early at the dysplastic stages in peri-tumoral stroma and progressively increases in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In vitro introduction of exogenous 90 kD palladin into normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as marked by induction of a-SMA and vimentin, and through the physical change of cell morphology. Moreover, palladin expression in the fibroblasts enhances cellular migration, invasion through the extracellular matrix, and creation of tunnels through which cancer cells can follow. The fibroblast invasion and creation of tunnels results from the development o

Estudio de las actividades de enfermería que realizan las egresadas de la primera y segunda promoción de la Escuela de Enfermería de la ciudad de Cuenca

Licenciado en EnfermeríaCuenc

Ergosterol Is Critical for Sporogenesis in <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>

Microbes, both bacteria and fungi, produce spores to survive stressful conditions. Spores produced by the environmental fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans serve as both surviving and infectious propagules. Because of their importance in disease transmission and pathogenesis, factors necessary for cryptococcal spore germination are being actively investigated. However, little is known about nutrients critical for sporogenesis in this pathogen. Here, we found that ergosterol, the main sterol in fungal membranes, is enriched in spores relative to yeasts and hyphae. In C. neoformans, the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (EBP) is upregulated by the transcription factor Sre1 in response to conditions that demand elevated ergosterol biosynthesis. Although the deletion of SRE1 enhances the production of mating hyphae, the sre1Δ strain is deficient at producing spores even when crossed with a wild-type partner. We found that the defect of the sre1Δ strain is specific to sporogenesis, not meiosis or basidium maturation preceding sporulation. Consistent with the idea that sporulation demands heightened ergosterol biosynthesis, EBP mutants are also defective in sporulation. We discovered that the overexpression of some EBP genes can largely rescue the sporulation defect of the sre1Δ strain. Collectively, we demonstrate that ergosterol is a critical component in cryptococcal preparation for sporulation