[Rezension zu:] Stefan Ehrenpreis, Ute Lotz-Heumann, Olaf Mörke, Luise Schorn-Schütte, eds. Wege der Neuzeit: Festschrift für Heinz Schilling zum 65. Geburtstag. Historische Forschungen. Berlin: Duncker& Humblot, 2007. 656 pp. EUR 78.00 (paper), ISBN 978-3-428-12394-0.

Rezension zu: Stefan Ehrenpreis, Ute Lotz-Heumann, Olaf Mörke, Luise Schorn-Schütte, eds. Wege der Neuzeit: Festschrift für Heinz Schilling zum 65. Geburtstag. Historische Forschungen. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2007. 656 pp. EUR 78.00 (paper), ISBN 978-3-428-12394-0

Nontrivial Galois module structure of cyclotomic fields

We say a tame Galois field extension $L/K$ with Galois group $G$ has trivial Galois module structure if the rings of integers have the property that \Cal{O}_{L} is a free \Cal{O}_{K}[G]-module. The work of Greither, Replogle, Rubin, and Srivastav shows that for each algebraic number field other than the rational numbers there will exist infinitely many primes $l$ so that for each there is a tame Galois field extension of degree $l$ so that $L/K$ has nontrivial Galois module structure. However, the proof does not directly yield specific primes $l$ for a given algebraic number field $K.$ For $K$ any cyclotomic field we find an explicit $l$ so that there is a tame degree $l$ extension $L/K$ with nontrivial Galois module structure

Formulas as Programs

We provide here a computational interpretation of first-order logic based on a constructive interpretation of satisfiability w.r.t. a fixed but arbitrary interpretation. In this approach the formulas themselves are programs. This contrasts with the so-called formulas as types approach in which the proofs of the formulas are typed terms that can be taken as programs. This view of computing is inspired by logic programming and constraint logic programming but differs from them in a number of crucial aspects. Formulas as programs is argued to yield a realistic approach to programming that has been realized in the implemented programming language ALMA-0 (Apt et al.) that combines the advantages of imperative and logic programming. The work here reported can also be used to reason about the correctness of non-recursive ALMA-0 programs that do not include destructive assignment.Comment: 34 pages, appears in: The Logic Programming Paradigm: a 25 Years Perspective, K.R. Apt, V. Marek, M. Truszczynski and D.S. Warren (eds), Springer-Verlag, Artificial Intelligence Serie

The use of drug calendars for the diagnosis of cutaneous drug eruptions in the age of electronic medical records

A morbilliform drug eruption is the most common condition leading to a dermatology consultation for a patient in the hospital. Timing is an important diagnostic tool since the onset of a skin rash usually takes place within days-to-weeks of the start of the implicated drug. A comprehensive, thorough, and reliable drug history by the clinician is essential. Therefore, to assist in the task of determining the causative medication of a new skin rash in a hospitalized patient, the creation of a drug calendar is recommended. The development of an electronic version of the drug calendar offers several benefits over the manual version. As the use of electronic medical records continues to become the standard in medicine, the electronic drug calendar will serve as an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity

Machine learning to analyze single-case data : a proof of concept

Visual analysis is the most commonly used method for interpreting data from singlecase designs, but levels of interrater agreement remain a concern. Although structured aids to visual analysis such as the dual-criteria (DC) method may increase interrater agreement, the accuracy of the analyses may still benefit from improvements. Thus, the purpose of our study was to (a) examine correspondence between visual analysis and models derived from different machine learning algorithms, and (b) compare the accuracy, Type I error rate and power of each of our models with those produced by the DC method. We trained our models on a previously published dataset and then conducted analyses on both nonsimulated and simulated graphs. All our models derived from machine learning algorithms matched the interpretation of the visual analysts more frequently than the DC method. Furthermore, the machine learning algorithms outperformed the DC method on accuracy, Type I error rate, and power. Our results support the somewhat unorthodox proposition that behavior analysts may use machine learning algorithms to supplement their visual analysis of single-case data, but more research is needed to examine the potential benefits and drawbacks of such an approach

U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Security

[Excerpt] This report describes and analyzes import policy and CBP’s role in the U.S. import process. (The report does not cover CBP’s role in the U.S. export control system.) The first section of the report describes the three overarching goals of U.S. import policy and the tension among them. Second, the report provides a legislative history of customs laws, followed by an overview of the U.S. import process as it operates today. Third, the import process and CBP’s role in it are discussed. The final section highlights several policy issues that Congress may consider in its oversight role or as part of customs or trade legislation, including measures seeking to provide additional trade facilitation benefits to importers and others enrolled in “trusted trader” programs, to improve enforcement of intellectual property and trade remedy laws, to strengthen cargo scanning practices, and/or to promote modernization of customs data systems, among other issues. A list of trade-related acronyms used in the report is provided in Appendix A

The Interaction Between Global Task Motivation and the Motivational Function of Events on Self-Regulation: Is Sauce for The Goose, Sauce for The Gander?

An experiment was conducted to assess (1) the interaction between global task motivation and motivational aspects of the environment (level of controls and autonomy-support present in the environment) and (2) gender differences with regard to this interaction. Forty male and forty female participants with high and low levels of self-determination towards relaxation attempted to learn relaxation using biofeedback in an either controlling or autonomy-supportive environment. The results confirm the notion that global task motivation and intervention style interact. Further, this interaction is qualified by a gender effect. The resulting triple interaction suggests that a different pattern of relations between the motivational aspects of the environment and level of self-determination emerges for men and women. Une expérimentation a été réalisée afin d'évaluer (1) l'interaction entre la motivation globale vis-à-vis une tâche et différents styles de mobilisation (degré d'un style d'intervention contrôlant et de soutien à l'autonomie) et (2) le rôle du genre dans cette interaction. Quarante hommes et quarante femmes ayant un niveau soit élevé ou faible d'autodétermination envers une tâche de relaxation ont participé à une tâche d'apprentissage à la relaxation à l'aide de biofeedback avec un intervenant qui présentait un style soit contrôlant soit de soutien à l'autonomie. Les résultats confirment la présence d'effets d'interactions entre le niveau d'autodétermination (motivation globale) et le style de l'intervention. Le genre du participant qualifie également cette interaction. L'interaction triple suggère l'existence de différentes formes de relations entre les aspects mobilisateurs de l'environnement et le niveau d'autodétermination pour les hommes et les femmes.Controlling and autonomy-supportive intervention style, global-state task motivation, self-determination theory, gender, person-environment interactions, physiological responses, self-regulation learning, Style d'intervention contrôlant-soutien à l'autonomie, motivation globale-d'état vis-à-vis une tâche, théorie de l'autodétermination, interaction environnement-personne, genre, réactions physiologiques, apprentissage auto-régulation

Correlation of inflation-produced magnetic fields with scalar fluctuations

If the conformal invariance of electromagnetism is broken during inflation, then primordial magnetic fields may be produced. If this symmetry breaking is generated by the coupling between electromagnetism and a scalar field---e.g. the inflaton, curvaton, or the Ricci scalar---then these magnetic fields may be correlated with primordial density perturbations, opening a new window to the study of non-gaussianity in cosmology. In order to illustrate, we couple electromagnetism to an auxiliary scalar field in a de Sitter background. We calculate the power spectra for scalar-field perturbations and magnetic fields, showing how a scale-free magnetic field spectrum with rms amplitude of ~nG at Mpc scales may be achieved. We explore the Fourier-space dependence of the cross-correlation between the scalar field and magnetic fields, showing that the dimensionless amplitude, measured in units of the power spectra, can grow as large as ~500 H_I/M, where H_I is the inflationary Hubble constant and M is the effective mass scale of the coupling.Comment: 11 pages, 3 pdf figure