1,029 research outputs found

    Characterisation of the dynamic nature of lipids throughout the lifespan of genetically identical female and male Daphnia magna

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    Lipids play a significant role in regulation of health and disease. To enhance our understanding of the role of lipids in regulation of lifespan and healthspan additional studies are required. Here, UHPLC-MS/MS lipidomics was used to measure dynamic changes in lipid composition as a function of age and gender in genetically identical male and female Daphnia magna with different average lifespans. We demonstrate statistically significant age-related changes in triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide and sphingomyelin lipid groups, for example, in males, 17.04% of TG lipid species decline with age whilst 37.86% increase in relative intensity with age. In females, 23.16% decrease and 25.31% increase in relative intensity with age. Most interestingly, the rate and direction of change can differ between genetically identical female and male Daphnia magna, which could be the cause and/or the consequence of the different average lifespans between the two genetically identical genders. This study provides a benchmark dataset to understand how lipids alter as a function of age in genetically identical female and male species with different average lifespan and ageing rate.Peer reviewe

    Performance of Polyethylene Vapor Barrier Systems in Temperate Climates

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    The performance of nine different vapor barrier systems comprising polyethylene (PE) membranes were assessed. The vapor barrier systems comprised membranes of virgin PE, 100% new PE, regenerated PE and multilayered virgin and regenerated PE. Membranes were joined either with tape suited to the individual system or an adhesive base on butyl rubber. The vapor barrier systems were evaluated and compared using standard laboratory tests. Chemical analytical techniques and physicomechanical tests were used. Mechanical properties were assessed using laboratory tests recommended by the harmonized standard EN 1385. Chemical analyses followed standard laboratory protocols performed with specialized equipment and visual examination. Chemical and mechanical properties were determined before and after exposure to an aging regime comprising 168 days at 70 °C in total. The chemical stability of the plastic present in each membrane was further evaluated after an additional exposure to an aging regime comprising 50 days followed by another 30 days at 70 °C. Additional aging indicated chemical changes in the membrane material with time. However, it was not possible to distinguish between aging properties for membranes containing virgin PE, 100% new PE, regenerated PE or multilayered virgin and regenerated PE

    Sex‐ and age group‐specific fracture incidence rates trends for type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

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    The incidence of major osteoporotic fractures has declined in men and women in Western countries over the last two decades. Although fracture risk is higher in persons with diabetes mellitus, trends of fractures remain unknown in men and women with diabetes. We investigated the trends in fracture incidence rates (IRs) in men and women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Denmark between 1997 and 2017. We identified men and women aged 18+ years who sustained a fracture (excluding skull and facial fractures) between 1997 and 2017 using the Danish National Patient Registry. We calculated sex-specific IRs of fractures per 10,000 person-years separately in persons with T1D, T2D, or without diabetes. Furthermore, we compared median IRs of the first 5 years (1997–2002) to the median IRs of the last 5 years (2012–2017). We identified 1,235,628 persons with fractures including 4863 (43.6% women) with T1D, 65,366 (57.5% women) with T2D, and 1,165,399 (54.1% women) without diabetes. The median IRs of fractures declined 20.2%, 19.9%, and 7.8% in men with T1D, T2D, and without diabetes, respectively (p-trend <0.05). The median IRs decreased 6.4% in women with T1D (p-trend = 0.35) and 25.6% in women with T2D (p-trend <0.05) but increased 2.3% in women without diabetes (p-trend = 0.08). Fracture IRs decreased in men with both diabetes types and only in women with T2D, highlighting the need for further attention behind the stable trend observed in women with T1D. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

    Prototype of an evidence-based tool to aid individualized treatment for type 2 diabetes

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    Data-driven tools are needed to inform individualized treatment decisions for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To show how treatment might be individualized, an interactive outline tool was developed to predict treatment outcomes. Individualized predictions were generated for change in HbA1c and body weight after initiation of newer antidiabetes drugs recommended by current guidelines. These predictions were based on data from randomized controlled trials of glucose-lowering drugs. The data included patient demographics and clinical characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, weight, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, current diabetes treatment and renal function). Predicted outcomes were determined using prespecified statistical models from original trial protocols and estimated coefficients for selected baseline characteristics. This prototype illustrates how evidence-based individualized treatment might be facilitated in the clinic for people with T2D. Further and ongoing development is required to improve the tool's prognostic value, including the addition of disease co-morbidities and patient-orientated outcomes. Patient engagement and data-sharing by sponsors of clinical trials, as well as real-world evidence, are needed to provide reliable predicted outcomes to inform shared patient–physician decision-making
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