2-(2,4-Diphenyl-3-aza­bicyclo­[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidenehydrazono)-1,3-thia­zolidin-4-one

In the title compound, C23H24N4OS, the piperidine and cyclo­hexane rings adopt twin chair conformations and the phenyl groups occupy equatorial positions. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 10.25 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the formation of centrosymmetric dimers

Study on the contents of bottled mineral water of various brands in Malaysia

Mineral water has becomes very popular and is a necessity in the present world that we live in. Today, in every part of the world people are using the bottled mineral water widely. The mineral water is produced by various companies using numerous names and brand with approval of the relevant authorities. In this paper, the contents of the  five main brands of bottled mineral water namely “ Spritzer”, “Ice Mountain”, “Bleu”, “Select” and “Cactus” as used in Malaysia is analyzed and presented. Comparison is made between these five brands to determine which of these brands is most suitable for daily consumption in term of its advantages in its mineral content to our health. Based on the investigation, it was found that the “Spritzer” brand had greater advantage with an extra mineral called silica which is good for muscle and bones rebuilding. Conversely the other four brands did not have this mineral. A detailed comparison of mineral content of the “Ice Mountain” brand with the other four brands had been made and a conclusion was drawn. This study will benefit the Malaysian society in helping them make an informed decision on choosing the most suitable bottled mineral water for consumption in line with one’s health concerns these days. Keywords: Mineral water, Brand, Minerals, Comparison, Volum

Comparative study of intravenously administered clonidine and magnesium sulfate on hemodynamic responses during laparoscopic surgeries

BACKGROUND : Both magnesium and clonidine are known to inhibit catecholamine and vasopressin release and attenuate hemodynamic response to peumoperitoneum. This randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled study has been designed to assess which agent attenuates hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum better. MATERIALS AND METHODS : 60 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into 2 groups of 30 each. Group M patients received 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate in normal saline (total volume 50 ml) over 15 minutes and group C patients received 1.5 μg/kg clonidine in 50 ml of normal saline (total volume 50 ml) before pneumoperitoneum. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction (baseline value), at the end of infusions and every 5 min after pneumoperitoneum. Statistical Analysis: Chi-Square test was used for categorical data and ANOVA for inter-group comparison. RESULTS : Intravenous administration of clonidine 1.5μg/kg before pneumoperitoneum is as effective as intravenous magnesium sulfate 50mg/kg before pneumoperitoneum in blunting the haemodynamic stress responses during laparoscopic surgeries and clonidine has lesser sedation than magnesium at extubation

Spectrum of adverse drug reactions and implicated drugs in a tertiary care centre: a prospective study

Background: Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) is the major limitation in providing health care to patients at a global level. It affects patient’s recovery and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. ADR can occur with any class of drugs. Early detection and evaluation of ADR is essential to reduce harm to the patients. Thus, the present study was aimed to estimate the number of ADR’s reported, analyze its spectrum and the drugs attributed to it.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 3 months from March 2016 to May 2016 in SRM Medical College and Hospital, Potheri. Adverse drug reactions were collected by spontaneous reporting by active and passive methods. The causality assessment of the reported ADR’s was done using Naranjo causality assessment scale.Results: A total of 38 ADR’s were reported during the study period with male predominance (58%). Most of the ADR’s (42%) were common in patients in the age group 19-39 years. More number of ADR’s were from Medicine (29%) followed by Surgery (16%) and OG (16%) departments. Most commonly affected organ systems were skin (45%) followed by GIT (24%). The drugs mostly accounted were antibiotics (55%) especially Cephalosporins (33%). Most of the reactions were type A (68%) rather than type B (32%) and thus predictable. According to Naranjo’s causality assessment, 63% of reactions were probable, 26% were possible and 11% were definite. No reactions were unlikely. Severity assessment by Modified Hartwig and Seigel scale revealed 45% ADRs to be moderate, 42% were mild and 13% were severe and life threatening.Conclusions: The study concluded that Adverse Drug Reactions are common and some of them resulted in increased healthcare cost due to need of some interventions and increased length of hospital stay. As majority of ADR is predictable (Type A), so preventable. The health system should promote the spontaneous reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (May be done mandatory). The proper documentation and periodic reporting to regional pharmacovigilance centres to ensure drug safety

Effect of seed treatments on seed germination and seedling parameters in the F2 generation of mundu chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

Germination in chilli seeds is poor and the duration taken for the germination is long. In order to overcome their problems in germination, the seeds were to be subjected to seed treatments, So that the germination would be effective. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science HC & RI, Tami Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Periyakulam to study the effect of seed treatment views on the seedling character of mundu chilli. The experiment was laid in FCRD design with three replications. In this study, four F2 crosses viz., PKM CA 20 X PKM CA 08 (C1), PKM CA 32 X PKM CA 33 (C2), PKM CA 32 X PKM CA 20 (C3), PKM CA 38 X PKM CA 33 (C4) and seven treatments namely, Control (T0), Seed treatment with KNO3 0.5% (T1), Seed treatment GA3 50 ppm (T2), Seed treatment with NAA 100 ppm (T3), Hot water seed treatment at 60° C for 15 minutes (T4), Seed treatment with cow urine (T5), Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (T6). Among all F2 crosses, PKM CA 38 X PKM CA 33 (C4) was most responsive to seed treatments in terms of the percent of seed germination and vigor index, followed by progeny PKM CA 32 X PKM CA 33 (C2) for root length and PKM CA 32 X PKM CA 20 (C3) for shoot length. The statistical analysis of the data showed the superiority of all the seed treatments over the control. The GA₃ treatment resulted in the maximum percentage of seed germination, root length, shoot length and vigor index followed by KNO3.    GA3 breaks the dormancy in the seeds and induces seed germination rapidly. Thus GA3 finds its way as the seed treatment agent in chilli.

2,6-Bis(3-fluoro­phen­yl)-3-isopropyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C20H21F2NO, the piperidine ring in each of the two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit adopts a normal chair conformation with an equatorial orientation of the 3-fluoro­phenyl groups. The dihedral angles between the two 3-fluoro­phenyl rings are 49.89 (7) and 50.35 (7)° in the two mol­ecules

1-Bromo­acetyl-2,6-bis­(4-methoxy­phen­yl)-3,5-dimethyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C23H26BrNO4, the piperidinone ring adopts a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 70.9 (1)°. The two meth­oxy groups are close to coplanar with the attached benzene rings [C—C—O—C torsion angles of 6.3 (5) and 16.4 (4)°]. A weak C—H⋯Br intra­molecular inter­action is observed. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a chain along [101] by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A short inter­molecular Br⋯O contact [3.063 (2) Å] is observed

1-Chloro­acetyl-2,6-bis­(2-chloro­phen­yl)-3,5-dimethyl­piperidin-4-one

In the title compound, C21H20Cl3NO2, the piperidin-4-one ring adopts a boat conformation. The two 2-chloro­phenyl groups are approximately perpendicular to each other, making a dihedral angle of 74.07 (8)°

Radiation tolerance of two-dimensional material-based devices for space applications

Characteristic for devices based on two-dimensional materials are their low size, weight and power requirements. This makes them advantageous for use in space instrumentation, including photovoltaics, batteries, electronics, sensors and light sources for long-distance quantum communication. Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive study on combined radiation effects in earth's atmosphere on various devices based on these nanomaterials. Using theoretical modeling packages, we estimate relevant radiation levels and then expose field-effect transistors, single-photon sources and monolayers as building blocks for future electronics to gamma-rays, protons and electrons. The devices show negligible change in performance after the irradiation, suggesting robust suitability for space use. Under excessive $\gamma$-radiation, however, monolayer WS$_2$ showed decreased defect densities, identified by an increase in photoluminescence, carrier lifetime and a change in doping ratio proportional to the photon flux. The underlying mechanism was traced back to radiation-induced defect healing, wherein dissociated oxygen passivates sulfur vacancies